Tabelle 1a
Linear dimensional casting tolerances (DCT in mm) for dimensional casting tolerance grades (DCTG) material group D
VDG P690: International Casting Tolerance Standard
VDG P690 was developed by the German Foundry Experts Association (VDG) and specifies the linear tolerance, angular tolerance, curvature radius tolerance, and surface quality requirements for various casting processes and materials within different size ranges to ensure the assembly, functionality, and consistency of castings.
Linear tolerances
The dimensional tolerances achievable on investment castings are dependent on the following factors:
> casting material > casting dimensions and shape
Casting materials
In production, the tolerance range of dispersion is affected by the varying characteristics of the materials. For this reason, different tolerance series apply for different groups of casting materials:
- Material-group D: alloys based on iron-nickel, cobalt, and Cooper
Accuracy grade: D1 to D3 - Material-group A: alloys based on aluminum and magnesium
Accuracy grade: A1 to A3 - Material-group T: alloys based on titanium
Accuracy grade: T1 to T3
Validity of accuracy grades
Three accuracy grades are stated for each of the material groups D, A, and T.
- Accuracy grade 1 applies for all free-sized dimensions.
- Accuracy grade 2 applies for all dimensions to be toleranced.
- Accuracy grade 3 can only be met for certain dimensions and must be agreed upon with the casting manufacturer, as additional production processes and costly tooling adjustments are necessary.
|
Nominal dimension range |
D1 |
D2 |
D3 |
|||
|
DCT |
DCTG |
DCT |
DCTG |
DCT |
DCTG |
|
|
up to 6 |
0,3 |
5 |
0,24 |
4 |
0,2 |
4 |
|
over 6 up to 10 |
0,36 |
0,28 |
5 |
0,22 |
||
|
over 10 up to 18 |
0,44 |
6 |
0,34 |
0,28 |
||
|
over 18 up to 30 |
0,52 |
0,4 |
0,34 |
5 |
||
|
over 30 up to 50 |
0,8 |
7 |
0,62 |
6 |
0,5 |
|
|
over 50 up to 80 |
0,9 |
0,74 |
0,6 |
6 |
||
|
over 80 up to 120 |
1,1 |
0,88 |
0,7 |
|||
|
over 120 up to 180 |
1,6 |
8 |
1,3 |
7 |
1,0 |
|
|
over 180 up to 250 |
2,4 |
9 |
1,9 |
8 |
1,5 |
8 |
|
over 250 up to 315 |
2,6 |
2,2 |
1,6 |
7 |
||
|
over 315 up to 400 |
3,6 |
10 |
2,8 |
9 |
||
|
over 400 up to 500 |
4,0 |
3,2 |
||||
|
over 500 up to 630 |
5,4 |
11 |
4,4 |
10 |
||
|
over 630 up to 800 |
6,2 |
5,0 |
||||
|
over 800 up to 1000 |
7,2 |
|||||
|
over 1000 up to 1250 |
||||||
Table 1b
Linear dimensional casting tolerances (DCT in mm) for dimensional casting tolerance grades (DCTG) material group A
|
Nominal dimension range |
A1 |
A2 |
A3 |
|||
|
DCT |
DCTG |
DCT |
DCTG |
DCT |
DCTG |
|
|
up to 6 |
0,3 |
5 |
0,24 |
4 |
0,2 |
4 |
|
over 6 up to 10 |
0,36 |
0,28 |
5 |
0,22 |
||
|
over 10 up to 18 |
0,44 |
6 |
0,34 |
0,28 |
||
|
over 18 up to 30 |
0,52 |
0,4 |
0,34 |
5 |
||
|
over 30 up to 50 |
0,8 |
7 |
0,62 |
6 |
0,5 |
|
|
over 50 up to 80 |
0,9 |
0,74 |
0,6 |
6 |
||
|
over 80 up to 120 |
1,1 |
0,88 |
0,7 |
|||
|
over 120 up to 180 |
1,6 |
8 |
1,3 |
7 |
1,0 |
|
|
over 180 up to 250 |
1,9 |
1,5 |
8 |
1,2 |
7 |
|
|
over 250 up to 315 |
2,6 |
9 |
2,2 |
1,6 |
||
|
over 315 up to 400 |
2,8 |
2,4 |
9 |
1,7 |
8 |
|
|
over 400 up to 500 |
3,2 |
2,6 |
8 |
1,9 |
||
|
over 500 up to 630 |
4,4 |
10 |
3,4 |
9 |
||
|
over 630 up to 800 |
5,0 |
4,0 |
||||
|
over 800 up to 1000 |
5,6 |
4,6 |
10 |
|||
|
over 1000 up to 1250 |
6,6 |
|||||
Table 1c
Linear dimensional casting tolerances (DCT in mm) for dimensional casting tolerance grades (DCTG) material group T
|
Nominal dimension range |
T1 |
T2 |
T3 |
|||
|
DCT |
DCTG |
DCT |
DCTG |
DCT |
DCTG |
|
|
up to 6 |
0,5 |
6 |
0,4 |
6 |
0,4 |
6 |
|
over 6 up to 10 |
0,6 |
7 |
0,4 |
0,4 |
||
|
over 10 up to 18 |
0,7 |
0,5 |
0,44 |
|||
|
over 18 up to 30 |
0,8 |
0,7 |
7 |
0,52 |
||
|
over 30 up to 50 |
1,0 |
0,8 |
0,62 |
|||
|
over 50 up to 80 |
1,5 |
8 |
1,2 |
8 |
0,9 |
7 |
|
over 80 up to 120 |
1,7 |
1,4 |
1,1 |
|||
|
over 120 up to 180 |
2,0 |
1,6 |
1,3 |
|||
|
over 180 up to 250 |
2,4 |
9 |
1,9 |
1,5 |
8 |
|
|
over 250 up to 315 |
3,2 |
2,6 |
9 |
|||
|
over 315 up to 400 |
3,6 |
10 |
2,8 |
|||
|
over 400 up to 500 |
4,0 |
3,2 |
||||
|
over 500 up to 630 |
5,4 |
11 |
4,4 |
10 |
||
|
over 630 up to 800 |
6,2 |
5,0 |
||||
|
over 800 up to 1000 |
7,2 |
|||||
|
over 1000 up to 1250 |
||||||
Angle tolerances for material groups D, A, and T
|
Nominal dimension range 1) |
Accuracy3) |
|||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
||||
|
Allowed deviation of direction |
||||||
|
Angular minute |
mm per 100 mm |
Angular minute |
mm per 100 mm |
Angular minute |
mm per 100 mm |
|
|
up to 30 mm |
30 2) |
0,87 |
30 2) |
0,87 |
20 2) |
0,58 |
|
over 30 up to 100 mm |
30 2) |
0,87 |
20 2) |
0,58 |
15 2) |
0,44 |
|
over 100 up to 200 mm |
30 2) |
0,87 |
15 2) |
0,44 |
10 2) |
0,29 |
|
over 200 mm |
30 2) |
0,58 |
15 2) |
0,44 |
10 2) |
0,29 |
*Table 2: Angle tolerances
Tolerances deviating from Table must be agreed on between supplier and user and entered in the drawing following DIN ISO 1101.
Radius of curvature
The tolerances stated apply to the material groups D, A, and T
|
Nominal dimension range |
Accuracy1) |
||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
The radius of curvature [mm] |
|||
|
up to 5 mm |
± 0,30 |
± 0,20 |
± 0,15 |
|
over 5 up to 10 mm |
± 0,45 |
± 0,35 |
± 0,25 |
|
over 10 up to 120 mm |
± 0,70 |
± 0,50 |
± 0,40 |
|
over 120 mm |
linear (cf. table 1) |
||
*Table 3: Radius of curvature for material groups D, A and T
Radii of curvature deviating from Table 3 must be agreed on with the investment casting foundry.
Wall thickness tolerance
| Smallest Lateral Length of a Surface(Figure 3) | Material Group D(mm) | Material Group A(mm) | Material Group T(mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| up to 50 mm | ± 0.25 | ± 0.25 | ± 0.30 |
| over 50 up to 100 mm | ± 0.30 | ± 0.30 | ± 0.40 |
| over 100 up to 180 mm | ± 0.40 | ± 0.40 | ± 0.50 |
| over 180 up to 315 mm | ± 0.50 | ± 0.50 | ± 0.60 |
| up to 315 mm (general limit) | ± 0.60 | ± 0.60 | ± 0.70 |
*Table 4: Wall-thickness tolerance
Surface quality
For cast surfaces, Ra (CLA) shall be applied following the table
|
Surface standards |
Material group D |
Material group A |
Material group T |
|||
|
|
CLA [µinch] |
Ra [µm] |
CLA [µinch] |
Ra [µm] |
CLA [µinch] |
Ra [µm] |
|
N 7 |
63 |
1,6 |
|
|
|
|
|
N 8 |
125 |
3,2 |
125 |
3,2 |
|
|
|
N 9 |
250 |
6,3 |
250 |
6,3 |
250 |
6,3 |
*Table 5: Surface roughness
Zone N7, N8, and special surface treatment must be agreed separately and entered in the drawing following DIN ISO 1302.
Unless otherwise agreed, N9 in the shot-blasted state is the standard delivery condition.