ʻO ke kila cheel cf3m-iʻikeʻia e kāna hoʻolālāʻana En-js 316lmm (1.4408) a me ka astm kūlike A351 cf3m-ʻO nā mea e like me keʻano o ke corsestone i loko o nā hale kūʻai corrosion-resistant.
Nā mīkini no nā koina koi, E hui pūʻo CF3M i nā mea paʻakikī a Austentitic austentitic.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, Eʻimi mākou i kāna Chemistry, moloka, Pūnaewele kūleʻa, ʻO ka hana mechanication, Nā hana hana, nā protocols, noi, A pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā mea'ē aʻe.
1. Hōʻikeʻike
Sa-351 cf3m stick cheelless nona kaʻohana o Austetitic e hoʻolei i nā mea kanu lāʻau, hoʻomohalaʻia ma ke kenekulia waena o ke kenekulia 20 e hoʻolōʻihi i ka 300-series.
ʻO nā mea i hōʻikeʻia i ka lā 316L i hōʻikeʻia i ka piʻiʻana o nā paila a me nā noi, Cf3m adapts i ke kalana like, molybdelum-lawe aku i ka chemistry i nā mea kūʻai aku-kūpono no nāʻano paʻakikī e like me nā mea he nui a me nā kino valve.
ʻAʻole like me ka hina hina a 304l paha (CF8), Ua kūʻo CF3M i nā piko a me ka crevice corrosion ma chrlode-waiwai madia, Ke aʻo nei i ka hana hana ma waena o ka hao hao a me ke kila kiʻekiʻe.
2. Kinohi & Moloka
| Mua | Nā haʻona (% wt) | Kumu |
|---|---|---|
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | ≤ 0.03 | Pale aku i ka chromium chromium carbide |
| Chromium (Cr) | 16.0 - 18.0 | Hoʻokumu i kahi'āpana o ka mika; ʻO ka Crrosior Corrosiors |
| Nickel (I) | 10.0 - 14.0 | Stabilizes austetitic matrix; hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī |
| Mybrideum (Mo) | 2.0 - 3.0 | Hoʻopili i ka nānāʻana i ke kū'ēʻana a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ≈ 25 |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika wela; Kuu Pufeha |
| Silikino (A) | ≤ 1.0 | Hana e like me ka deoxidizer; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai |
| Phoshorus (P) | ≤ 0.045 | Ho'ēmi i nā mea make |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.03 | Mālamaʻia i ka haʻahaʻa e pale ai i ka hoʻopiliʻana-driven cracking |
Ua paʻaʻo CF3M i kahi piha austetitic piha I ka lumi lumi, Hōʻalo i ka ferrite, sigma phase, a iʻole chromit carbides i ka wā i mālamaʻia ai ka wela.
'Ōlelo Ke kala kala anter (≤ 0.03%) and Mybridelu Hanaʻia ka hoʻohuiʻana ma ke kahua e hoʻokūkū i ka chromium chrisium carbide i hoʻokumuʻia ma nā palena lepo,
Ke mālama nei i ka paleʻana o ka corroshion contision ma hope o ka liloʻana.
3. Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion
ʻO CF3M hōʻike hōʻike i ka hana houʻana i ka hana ma ka lehulehu:
- Genenation Corrison: Mau kumukūʻai e like me 0.05 MM / yr ma ka wai a me 0.1 MM / YR i ka wai kai ma 25 ° C
- Pitting / crevice corrosio: Wood ≈ 25 (Lawe = $ cr + 3.3Mua8 + 16×% N) ʻO ka hana Affords i luna i 1 % Nā kikowaena chrlode ma nā wela ambied
- Ke kū'ēʻana: Ma mua o CF8 (304L hoʻolei) I nā sulfuric a me nā phospopric acids ma muli o kaʻike
- Marine & Of 3Ikeha: ʻO nā mea e hoʻomau nei i ka paʻakai me ka ho'ēmiʻana me ka hōʻemi momona liʻiliʻi (< 0.02 G / M² · · 1 lā ma Astm B117 mau hōʻike)
4. Nā mea hana a me nā mea kino o ke kila cf3m
Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies
I ka lumi lumi, CF3M HEP:
| Waiwai | Waiwai |
|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika (Us) | 515 - 620 Mpa |
| Ka ikaika (0.2% Kahiki) | 205 - 275 Mpa |
| Elongation ma fracture | ≥ 35 % |
| Paʻakikī paʻakikī (Hbw) | 180 - 230 |
| Nā Kūlana Charpy (T) | ≥ 80 J |
| Ka palena momona (10⁷ nā kupu) | ~ 240 Mpa |
Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele
| Waiwai | Waiwai |
|---|---|
| Huakai | ~ 7.98 G / cm³ |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua (20° C) | ~ 14.6 w / m · HUI · K |
| Ka hoʻonuiʻana (20-100 ° C) | 16.0-17..5 μM / m · k |
| ʻO ka mana wela (20° C) | ~ 55 j / kik · K |
| ʻO keʻano o ka uila (20° C) | ~ 0.74 μω · m |
| Modulus'ōpiopio (Elastic Modulus) | ~ 193 GPA |
| Pili pili magnetic | ~ 1.0-1.05 |
| Hoʻohemo melū | 1370-1400 ° C |
| Ke kūʻai nei i ka helu shrink | ~ 1.5-2.0% |
5. Ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā kūpono no ke kila kila cf3m
Cf3m sti mea kila, kahi mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 316 torinless casts alloys, Hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona castorable e kākoʻo ai i ke kākoʻoʻana i kona hoʻohanaʻana i ka corrosion-resistant, ʻO nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono:
- Maikaʻi maikaʻi: Me kahi mahana e ninini ana ma waena 1550-1600 ° C, Hōʻikeʻo CF3M i ka lawa pono e hoʻopiha ai intricate mold geometries and Nā'āpana'āpana (>3-5 mm).
ʻO ke alo o ka nickel a me molybdenum hou hou i kākoʻo hou i nā mea i hanaʻia a me ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana. - ʻO ka shrinkage maʻalahi (~ 1.5-2.0%): Hōʻikeʻo CF3M i ka mea e wānana ai i ka shlindite rechinsitage, ʻaeʻia no ka uku uku ma o Nā Kūlana Kūʻai, Hoʻolālā Rever, a me ka hoʻohanaʻana o ʻO nā pale exothermic.
Hiki ke hoʻololiʻia konaʻano shrink i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hana simulation o kēia manawa. - Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Keʻano austetitic piha o cf3m, huiʻia me konaʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (≤ 0.03%),
nā hopena i nā mea hoʻoponopono kūʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻOiai i loko o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia a iʻole nā wahi ākea ākea. - Maikaʻi loa: Hiki iā CRF3M ke hana i ka hana houʻana me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā metastitic soller austenitic maʻamau e like me Er316l.
ʻO kona mau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka manawa i ka wā i hana ai, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka pilikia o ka corrosion intergranur.
Post-weld hoʻonā kuhikuhi ua hoʻopili pinepineʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ke kū'ē piha. - Hoʻoponopono i ka mālama wela: Ua pane maikaʻiʻo CF3M i Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu (1040-1100 ° C) and Queech,
ʻO ka homogenize i ka microstructure, wehe i nā carbides caselome, a hoʻonui i ke kū'ēʻana.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi hiki nō ke hanaʻia e hōʻemi i nā kaumaha o ke koena i nā hale kūʻai nui.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai kūpono:
Cf3m Adapts maikaʻi loa i nā hana kūʻaiʻana, ʻO kēlā me kēia e hāʻawi i nā pono kūponoʻole:
| Kūlana | Nā ikaika | Nā mea maʻamau & Hoʻopau |
|---|---|---|
| Sand cread | Kumukūʻai-kūpono no ka nui, nāʻano maʻalahi | ± 0.5 % Lauloa, Ra 6-12 μm |
| Nā wili lei | Nā mea paʻa paʻa, Nā kiko'ī maikaʻi | ± 0.3 % Lauloa, Ra 3-6 μm |
| Hoʻolei kālā | Nā geomet paʻakikī, nā pāʻili (<2 mm) | ± 0.2 % Lauloa, Ra <3 }m |
| ʻO Centricugual kāhea | Kūkaha nui, ʻO ka pasity liʻiliʻi i nā'āpana tubular | ± 0.4 % Lauloa, Ra 6-10 μm |
6. Welding & ʻO ka mālama wela o nā kila kila cf3m
Uaʻike nuiʻiaʻo GoElless Steel CF3M no kāna mau kalaka maikaʻi loa a me ka pane i ka wela wela.
ʻO kēia mau waiwai e hōʻoia i ka kūpaʻa hoʻonohonoho, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me nā hana hana ma ka hanaʻana i ka lole a me ka lawelaweʻana.
WELLDICATIBILE o CF3M
ʻO kekahi o nā ikaika CF3M e waiho ana i kāna maikaʻi loa wawahua, ka mea nui i ka wā e hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā kinipōpō kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā mea kanu manuahi.
Ka ikehu kolepa (≤ 0.03%) hōʻemi nui i ka pilikia o ka chromium carbide, ʻO kahi phenonon e kumu ai i ka corrosonir i loko o ka noho wela wela (HAZ).
Nā hiʻohiʻona kīwī:
- Manaihi: ʻAʻole pono e koiʻia ma muli o keʻano o Austetitic, ʻOiai ke hoʻomau nei (~ 100-150 ° C) Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no nā'āpana mānoanoa e hōʻemi i nā hua waina.
- Palapala Pole: Ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea e pili ana a iʻole nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me Er316L a iʻole er317l ua hōʻikeʻia e mālama i ke kū'ēʻana i ka corrosion.
- ʻO ka mana hoʻokomo wela: ʻO ka nui o ka wela wela e pale i ka paleʻana i ka wela wela a hōʻoia i ka hana liʻiliʻi delta-ferrite delta-ferrite (ʻO ka 3-10% makemake makemake).
- Post-weld hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Ua aʻoʻia ka pila a iʻole e hoʻihoʻiʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka paleʻana o ka corrosione ma luna o kaʻaoʻao weld.
ʻO ka hana wela wela (Pwht)
ʻOiaiʻo CF3MʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kekahi mau noi-kūikawā i kēlā me kēia mau mea e koi ai i nā wahi e koi ai a iʻole e koi ai i ka resorstience kiʻekiʻe ʻO ka hana wela.
Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu:
- Lumi mahalaha: 1040-1100 ° C (1900-2010 ° F)
- Kumu: E hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea lawe chrisium-waiwai-waiwai i hanaʻia i ka wā o ke kalaʻana a hoʻihoʻi i nā microstrucial piha
- Queech: ʻO ka wai wikiwiki a iʻole ka ea o ka ea e pono ai e pale i kaʻike a me Sigma Phase
Ke kaumaha nei ke kaumaha (Ināʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopauʻia ka hoʻonāʻana):
- Lumi mahalaha: 300-400 ° C
- Hopena: Hoʻemi i nā kaumaha o ke koena o keʻano me kaʻole e hoʻololi nui i ke kū'ēʻana
- Kaawe: ʻAʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i nā carbides a iʻole ke nānāʻana
7. Nā noi nui o ke kila cf3m
Nā mea hana kālepa
- Pumps: ʻO CF3M GREAD GRAVERS CHEEEL BULL no nā pumps i hoʻohanaʻia ma ka halihali i ka laweʻana i nā wai o ka corrostive, i nā noi e pili ana i nā wahi a Acidic a iʻole nā hopena alkanane.
- Nā Vilves: Ua hoʻohanaʻia ma keʻano o ke kālepaʻana a me nāʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, Hāʻawiʻo CF3M i ke kūpaʻa a me ke kū'ēʻana i ka corrosio ma lalo o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
- Nā mea hana wela: ʻO kāna paleʻana o ke kuʻekuʻe maikaʻi loa a me keʻano kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe e hana cf3m i kahi mea kūpono no nā mea kūʻai wela.
- Nā moku hou: No nā mea hana e hana ai i nā chemika, Hāʻawiʻo CF3M i nā uku lōʻihi lōʻihi a me nā uku hoʻolimalima.
ʻO nā noi a me nā noi o Marina
- Nā hanana lole: Ua hoʻohanaʻia ma nā'ōnaehana hoʻonohonoho a me nā'ōnaehana kīwī i hōʻikeʻia i ke kaiʻana a me nā lewa moana.
- Marine Nā Palaki'ā: Nā Vilves, Pumps, a me nā'āpana'ē aʻe e koi ai i ke kū'ēʻana i ke kuʻekuʻe kiʻekiʻe e kū'ē i kaʻikeʻana i nā kūlana paʻakai.
- Shopbuilding: Nā'āpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā rudders, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai, A pōmaikaʻi nā mea nui mai ka CF3M hiki ke pale i ka corrositer Seawater a mālama i ka intergrity ma lalo o nā kaumaha mechanical.
Nā meaʻai a me nā mea kūʻai
- Nā lako hana meaʻai: Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo CF3M i nā lako hana e hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā wela wela, e like me ka huiʻana o nā tank, Poolali, a me nā awāwa.
- Palapala Kahiko: Ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo CF3M i ka hanaʻana o nā māhele e like me nā mea hana hou a me nā mea kāwili, kahi e pono ai nā wahi paʻaʻole.
- Botling a me ka pale: Nā'āpana i nā laina hana hana, e like me nā nozzles a me nā kūpono, pōmaikaʻi mai ka paleʻana o CF3M i nā'ōnaehana ACIDIC a me Alkali.
Mana pā'āʻu & Nā'iana kino
- Piʻi nā'ōnaehana i nā mea hana mana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe i ka hanaʻana i ka steam a me nā kahe wai.
- Nā ipu koʻikoʻi and Nā'āpana Turbine e koi ana i ke kū'ē i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Ke Kauka Kauka, a me nā pāpā.
- Nā mea hana wela I nā mea kanu e pili ana i nā mea kanu wela me nā wai wela a iʻole ka holoiʻana i ka wai e loaʻa ana i nā mea haumia.
Ailaʻaila a me nāʻoihana
- Nā mea hana i lalo: Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo CF3M i nā'āpana e like me nā welau, Nā Vilves, a me kaʻeha e koi ai i ke kū'ēʻana i keʻano o ka corrosion a me nā lole i ka wā o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka aila.
- Nā'ōnaehana pāpalu: ʻO kāna hana maikaʻi loa maʻelua mea momona and puʻuwai ʻO nā wahi e kūpono ai nā wahi i kūpono no nā aila kiʻekiʻe a me nā pihi hau.
- E hōʻoluʻolu i nā lako: Hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo CF3M i loko nā mea hana wela, Nā mea hana, and Nā hui pū i nā mea hoʻokūkū e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i nā mea hana kino a me nā mea hoʻoponopono'ē aʻe.
ʻO nā noi koʻikoʻi'ē aʻe
- Nā kīʻaha ikaika a me nā mea hou: Cf3m's resistance i ke kaumaha corrosion checking a me ka ikaika o ka ikaika e hana pono ai i nā noi kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā moku kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻO Turbine a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike: ʻO kā lākou paleʻana i ka oxidation ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi i loko Nā huakaʻi kuʻuna and nā mea hoʻohālikelike I ka Oterpace a me ka Powers General.
8. Nā kūlana, Kōkua kikowaena & Nā kiko'ī
| Kino kino | Keiawai | Kaulike |
|---|---|---|
| I | En-js 316lmm / 1.4408 | - |
| Hosm | A351 cf3m | - |
| ISO | ISO 1083 En-gjn-316lm | - |
| ʻo ia | Suh316lm | SUT316L (huhū) |
| Norsok | Mai 17460 GG-316LM | - |
ʻO ke kūʻai liloʻana i ke kūʻai aku Astm A351 cf3m ʻO nā hale noho me ka nānāʻana o ka radiographic, nā palena paʻakikī o 200 HB Max, a me PMI hōʻoia o kaʻikepili.
9. Hoʻohālikelike o CF3M GRAINT GREAL FOREEL MA KA OIHANA ANA
| Waiwai / Waiwai | Cf3m (316L hoʻolei) | Cf8m (316 Kiola) | Cf3 (304L hoʻolei) | CF8c (317 Kiola) | 316L (Huhū) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA MANAOLO DOLIAMERA (max, %) | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona molybdenum (%) | 2-3 | 2-3 | Nookahi | 3-4 | 2-3 |
| Ke kū'ē kū'ē (Wood) | ~ 25 | ~ 25 | ~ 18 | ~ 30 | ~ 25-27 |
| Chordid resistisan | High | ʻOluʻolu-kiʻekiʻe | Haʻahaʻa-haʻahaʻa | Kiʻekiʻe loa | High |
| Intergranur corrossion ka hopena | Haʻahaʻa loa | Loli | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | Loli | Haʻahaʻa loa |
| Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | ~ 485-620 | ~ 485-620 | ~ 450-600 | >600 | 515-690 |
| Ka ikaika (Mpa) | ~ 170-300 | ~ 170-300 | ~ 170-275 | >300 | 205-310 |
| Ewangantion (%) | ≥25 | ≥25 | ≥30 | 20-25 | ≥40 |
| Wawahua | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono | Loli | Kūpono |
| ʻO ke kū'ē kiʻekiʻe | Loli | Loli | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High | Maikaʻi loa |
| Whola | Kūpono | Kūpono | Kūpono | Loli | Pili ʻole |
| Markinpalibility | Loli | Loli | Maikaʻi loa | Loli | Maikaʻi loa |
| Hoʻopau ʻili (e like me ka hoʻolakoʻia) | Lihua (e like me-lawe) | Lihua | Lihua | Lihua | Makei (Kahiʻia) |
| Papa kiʻekiʻe | Loli | Loli | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High | ʻOluʻolu-kiʻekiʻe |
| Nā hihia e hoʻohana ai i nā hihia | Nā mea kanu lāʻau, Nā Vilves, ʻO Pharma, Marine | ʻO kaʻoihana maʻamau a me Marine | Meaʻai, māmā māmā | Nā mea hoʻohālikelike, Lawelawe kahi lawelawe kiʻekiʻe | Nā Mokuna, Piping, Biikona |
10. Hopena
ʻO keʻano o ka cheelless cheel cf3m e kū i mua o ka mua o nā alloys e hele ai,
mareʻana i ka lā 316l-kūlike e kūlike ai, ʻO nā mea iʻikeʻia, a me nā mea huna.
E like me ka piʻiʻana o nāʻoihanaʻoihana, Hiki i ka CF3M e hana i nā mīkini hana e hoʻolālā ai i ka paʻakikī,
ʻO nā'āpana kūpono-kūpono e hoʻopau ai i ka pono o ke kaulike, Marine, a me nā kaʻina hana.
Ma ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā hana maikaʻi loa ma Chemistry Control, ka laweʻana i loaʻa, a me ka hana wela wela,
ʻO nā mea hana e wehe i ka piha piha o CF3M, ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka longngity, hilinaʻi, a me ke ola ola.
LangHe ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe nā kila kila.
