1. Hōʻikeʻike
Cf8m kila kohu ʻole he mea kila kila austenitic, Hoʻonohonohoʻia ma lalo o Astm A351, A743, a A744, Me ka hoʻolālāʻana o J92900.
He mea nui loa ia i ka hanaʻana o ka hana 316 kila kohu ʻole, ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka molybdenum (Mo) i loko o ka chromium-nickel (Cr-nie) E hāʻawi i ka matrix e hāʻawi i ke kū'ē i ka paleʻana i ka corrosion kūloko.
E kū mai ana i ke kenekulia waena o ke kenekulia ma waena o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka uku o kaʻoihana no ka uku kālā, Nā huahana corrosionion-resistant,
Ua loaʻa iā CF8m Staliless Steel mai ka liloʻana i waiwai o nā noi i nā noi e pili ana i ka hoʻoiliʻana, Aloha Makaiike, a me nā wahiʻai meaʻai.
He aha nā hoʻonohonoho CF8M ma kahi o ka hiki ke hoʻohui pū me ka mālamaʻana i ka nohoʻana me nāʻano ikaika.
2. Kinohi & Moloka
Ua hoʻopaʻa paʻaʻia ka huiʻana o CF8m e hui pū me ka hālāwai me ka papa kuhikuhi. Hōʻikeʻia keʻano koho koho maʻamau ma lalo nei:
| Mua | Ke kaumaha % |
|---|---|
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | ≤ 0.08 |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | ≤ 1.5 |
| Silikino (A) | ≤ 2.0 |
| Phoshorus (P) | ≤ 0.04 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.04 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.0-21.0 |
| Nickel (I) | 9.0-12.0 |
| Mybrideum (Mo) | 2.0-3.0 |
| 'Eron (Lia) | Kaulike |
Mai kahi kūlana metallirgical, Hōʻikeʻo Stainless Steel Cf8m i kahi matrix piha piha ('Ōnaehana FCC), e kū pono ana i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa ma nā wela cryogenic.
He helu mana o Delta Ferrite (3-10%) i hōʻike pinepineʻia ma ka microstructure e pale ai i ka huki wela i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai, i loko o nā hale kūʻai nui.
Ua hāʻawiʻia kēiaʻano hana pālua i ka weldability a me ka paʻaʻana o ka mīkini.
ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana o Molybdenum e pāʻani ana i kahi kī nui i keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano o ke kikowaena o ke kikowaena o ke kikowaena a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka pale a me ka crevice corrosant.
NA LAPORL THELELY KOMIA (≤ 0.08%) ho'ēmi i ka hopena o ka carbidetion i loko o nā palena palaoa, Pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi nei i ke kū'ēʻana i ka corrosior.
3. Nā kūlana & Kōkua kikowaena
Ua hoʻopaʻaʻiaʻo CF8m ma nāʻano o nā code honua, Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hana mākeke:
| Kū-starder | Keiawai |
|---|---|
| Hosm | A351 / A743 / A744 CF8M |
| Kā mākou | J92900 |
| I | 1.4408 (Gx5crnimo19-11-2) |
| ISO | X5cnimo17-12-2 |
| ʻo ia (kiola) | Nā SCS14 |
Ua hoʻohālikelike pololei ia e hana 316 kila kohu ʻole (Us s31600), ʻOiai keʻano o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka mea i loaʻaʻole i nā mea e like me nā mea i loaʻa.
4. Nā Kūlana Kūʻai a me nā kino o CF8M FINALS GICE
| Waiwai | Waiwai / Nā haʻona |
|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika (Us) | 485-620MPA |
| Ka ikaika (0.2% Kahiki) | 205-275MPA |
| Elongation ma fracture | ≥30% |
| Paʻakikī paʻakikī (HB) | 150-200 |
| ʻO ka hana hoʻohālike i ka paʻakikī (T) | ≥60j |
| Ka palena momona (10⁷ nā kupu) | ~ 200mpa |
| Huakai | ... 7.98g / cm³ |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua (100 ° C) | ~ 16W / M · KAI · K |
| Ka hoʻonuiʻana (20-100 ° C) | 16.5 Kila 1 10 ⁻⁶ / K |
| ʻO ka mana wela | ~ 56j3 kig · K |
| ʻO keʻano o ka uila (20 ° C) | ~ 0.74μ · m |
| Elastic Modulus | ~ 193gpa |
| ʻO Magnetic Permeibility | ~ 1.02 (non-magnetic) |
| Hoʻohemo melū | ~ 1370-1400 ° C |
| Linear shrinkage (kiola) | 1.8-2.2% |
5. Corrosior resistion of stainless steel cf8m
Ua kaulanaʻo CF8m ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrossion, i loko chrloside-waiwai, ACIDIC, and ʻO nā wahi kai moana.
ʻO kēia ma muli o kānaʻano kūpono pono, komo Mybridelu (2.0-3.0%),
e hoʻonui nui ana i kāna ke kū'ē kū'ē and Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni kū kū'ē, hana ia i kahi koho kūpono no NA HUI KOHAIOLE.
Kū kū'ē ka lehulehu
Nā hōʻikeʻo CF8m ʻO ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i Genenation Corrison I nāʻanoʻano likeʻole, komo ʻO nā maʻi maʻi and Nā hoʻonā kino Kolili.
Ka mea nui Chromium Nā palapala kiko'ī a pale akuʻo Octives ma kona papa, e pale hou i ka degradation hou.
Hana kēia iā CF8M kūpono no ka hoʻohanaʻana i loko nā mea hana loiloi, nā mea hana wela, and Piʻi nā'ōnaehana hōʻikeʻia dilite acid Oole nā mea hoʻohālikelike.
ʻO ka nānāʻana a me nā crevice corrosions
'Ōlelo ʻO ka heluʻana i keʻano kūlike (Wood) o cf8m maʻamau 23-25, e hōʻike ana i kāna pale kiʻekiʻe i ʻO keʻano kūloko e like me pitting and Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni i Nā kikowaena chrlode.
I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻiaʻana CF8 (304 kiola), he mea nui ka mea e ae 17, Cf8m interperforms iā ia ma nā wahi likeʻole Ke wai wai Oole Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Ma nā hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike moana, Ua nohoʻole nā'āpana cf8m e pitting Oole Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni No ka ʻeono mahina, oiai CF8 hōʻikeʻia i loko o kahi corrosion koʻikoʻi ma mua oʻekolu mahina.
ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC) Kū kū'ē
Cf8m stainless steel ke kū'ē kū'ē i ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana (SCC), i loko Nā Kūpepa-Kāleka, Ma muli o kona mau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke alo o ka molybdelu.
ʻOiai he mea hikiʻole nā mea hoʻokūkū Austetentic āpau i ka SCC, ʻO CF8m hana maikaʻi ma mua o CF8 (304 kiola), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopiliʻana ma lalo o ke kaumaha ma lalo o ke kaumaha ma nā hopena o ka chloride-waiwai.
I nā hoʻokolohua kahi i hōʻikeʻia ai ka cf8m i ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe and Nā kikowaena chrlode, Ua hōʻikeʻia ka alloy ʻAʻole kahi e hopu, heaha CF8 hōʻikeʻia iʻikeʻia i loko o nā hebedoma ma lalo o nā kūlana like.
Hana kēia iā CF8M kūpono no nā noi i loko ʻO nā wahi kai moana, Ke kālepaʻana, and Piʻi nā'ōnaehana hōʻikeʻia i ke koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohālikelike me nā mea kila kila'ē aʻe
I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻiaʻana CF8 (304 kiola) and Cf3m (316L hoʻolei), Nā hōʻikeʻo CF8m Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrosiotion ma waena o nā mea likeʻole e like me ka piko, Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni, a me ka palaualelo hemolele.
Ka hoʻohuiʻana o Mybridelu hoʻonui i ke kū'ē o CF8m i chrlode-insuded pitting, hoʻolako ana i kahi ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi Ke koho no nāʻoihana hana Ke wai wai Oole ka'ikemika.
Eia kahi hoʻohālikelike wikiwiki:
| Waiwai | Cf8m | CF8 (304 kiola) | Cf3m (316L hoʻolei) |
|---|---|---|---|
| MO KAI LOA | 2.0-3.0% | Nookahi | 2.0-3.0% |
| Ke kū'ē kū'ē (Wood) | 23-25 | 17 | 23-25 |
| Genenation Corrison | Kūpono | Loli | Kūpono |
| Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni | Kūpono | Ilihune | Kūpono |
| ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana | Maikaʻi loa | Ilihune | Maikaʻi loa |
Cf8m's ke kū'ē kū'ē, Kū kū'ē ka lehulehu, and ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana i ka paleʻana uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea'ē aʻe ma mua o CF8 (304 kiola), ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka hana hoʻohālikelike i Cf3m (316L hoʻolei).
Hana kēia a Mea kūʻai aku I nā wahi o Harrsh kahi Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion is paramount.
Ke kū'ē nei i nā maʻi sulfur-bearing
ʻO keʻano cheelless cheel cf8m e kūʻole i sulfuric acid a me kekahi ʻO Sulfur-bearing Acid.
ʻO kāna hana ma kēia mau wahi e kūpono ai ke kūpono ʻO nā noi e pili ana i ke kālepaʻana, e like me Nā mea hana and nā mea hana wela hana mālamaʻia sulfuric acid.
ʻAʻole e like me nā lako'ē aʻe, Cf8m resists degradation mai sulfuric acid a i 10% kūlike, Ke hōʻoia nei i ka lōʻihi a me ka hōʻemiʻana i nā uku mālama mālama.
6. Ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka kūpono no ke kila cf8m
Ke hōʻike nei i nā mea kila Cf8m no nā'āpana i hoʻoleiʻia, Loaʻa nā mīkini i nā meaʻenehana mai kahi mea e hoʻohui ai Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion me ʻO ka mālamaʻana.
Aia ma lalo nei nā mea nui a me nā hana i hoʻopaʻaʻia e hana i ka cf8m i kahi koho kūpono i nāʻoihana noi.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono
Maikaʻi maikaʻi
Mua a mua loa, Holo kokeʻo CF8m i nā pale i ka wā i nininiʻia ai ma 1 550-1 600 ° C, ka loaʻaʻana o kahi wai o 250-300 mm (ISO 243).
ʻO kēia pae o ke kākoʻo o ka wai nā'āpana pā i lalo i lalo 4 mm a me nā geometries geometry me kaʻole o nā mea anuanu.
ʻO ka shrinkage maʻalahi
Eia hou, Ua hōʻikeʻo CF8m i kahi laina laina i hala 1.8-2.2 %, e hiki ai ke hoʻonui maikaʻi Nā Kūlana Kūʻai and Hoʻolālā Rever.
Ma ka hoʻohālikeʻana i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana me CFD a iʻole Thermal-Fea, Hiki i nāʻike ke hōʻemi i ke kikowaena kikowaena a hoʻokō i nā mea hana dimensional.
Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
Eia hou, ka mana 3-7 % D - Ferrite ʻO nāʻike ma CF8m's Michsstructure e hōʻemi nui i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana.
Ma ka hopena, ʻOiai ma nā pauku me nā hoʻololi e hoʻololi ai i ka pauku, ʻO ka alloy e pale i nā waimaka wela a mālama pono.
Hana hou
Hoʻokomoʻia nā steels cheelless cf8m 316/316L filler metals A haʻaheo maikaʻi loa, Mahalo i ko lākou mau kala haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me keʻano o ka mea hana momona-ausdite.
ʻO ka hoʻonāʻana-Wonder Soft e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē kū'ē, e hōʻoia ana i nā hoʻoponopono paʻa.
ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka wela wela
Hope loa, Ua pane maikaʻiʻo CF8m i Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu (1 040-1 100 ° C) a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi ma 650-750 ° C hiki nō ke hōʻemi i nā kaumaha kūlohelohe me kaʻole o ka hoʻopiʻiʻana, ʻO nā mea pono e hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻoiliʻana ma lalo.
ʻO nā hana kūʻaiʻana i nā hana no CF8m
| Kūlana | Hoʻohana kū'a'ā | Loaʻa | Hoʻopau ʻili | Dimensional pololei | Mau olelo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sand cread | ʻO nā hale nui nui, nā kino valve | Kumukūʻai-kūpono no ka kaumaha, nā'āpana nui; ʻO ka heleʻana | RA 6-12μM | ± 0.5% laina | Koi i ka maikaʻi o ke one a me ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka poosity |
| Nā wili lei | Nā'āpana paʻakikī-kiʻekiʻe, nā'āpana waiwai kiʻekiʻe | Nā kiko'ī maikaʻi, Ke hoʻopauʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe; E hōʻemiʻia nā mod i kaʻeha | Ra 3-6μm | ± 0.3% laina laina | ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe; maikaʻi loa no nā helu haʻahaʻa |
| Hoʻolei kālā | Liʻiliʻi, Nāʻano hoʻohālikelike (hanakai, KahawaiOli) | ʻO ka kiko'ī kūpono a hoʻopau; Kālā Minu ma ke kālaiʻia | Ra < 3 }m | ± 0.1mm | ʻOi aku ka uku o ka uku; Limit i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi |
| ʻO Centricugual kāhea | Nā'āpana cylindrical (pipes, Bussings, Nā loʻi) | Hoʻonui i ka density, Kūlana Kūlana, Minor Poossity | Ra 6-10μm | ± 0.4% laina laina | Pono i nā lako hana kūikawā; Ua palenaʻo Geometry i ka Axisymmetric |
7. Welding & ʻO ka mālama wela o nā kila cf8m
Cf8m i maʻalahi i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kaʻina hana maʻamau e like me GTAW (Tig), Smaw (peleki), a me gmaw (Iaʻu).
ʻO nā metala helula e like me Er316l a iʻole e316l-16 mau mea maʻamau e mālama i keʻano o ka corrostion.
Akā naʻe,, Pono e hoʻohanaʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hoʻokomo wela.
Hiki i ka wela wela ke hopena i ka hōʻikeʻana i ka cromitization-fortation o nā chromit carbides i nā palena chin. E ho'ēmi i kēia:
- ʻO ka leka uila-Wonder e hoʻokō pinepineʻia ai ka hanaʻana ma 1040-1120 ° C, ukali e rapid quanching.
- Pale aku i ka hōʻoluʻoluʻana i ka 600-850 ° C-e pale i ka hana Sigma.
No nā noi koʻikoʻi, E mālamaʻia nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaumahaʻana ma keʻano he ~ 650 ° C no 1-2 mau hola, no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i nā kaumaha kūlohelohe mai ka machining a iʻole ke kalaʻana.
8. Nā noi nui
Cf8m's corrossion, ka ikaika ikaika, aʻo ka hale noho e hana pono ai no nā noi ma waena o nāʻoihana hana:
- Ke kālepaʻana: Nā mea hana, Nā'Ka, flanges, Pumps
- Pono & Aila: Nā Vuserea Valves, nā mea hoʻonohonoho, a me nā mea pili
- Marine: Nā papahele, hanakai, ʻO nā'ōnaehana kai kai kai
- Meaʻai & ʻO Pharma: Nā Verile Valves, pipet complees, hui kāwiliʻia
- Mana pā'āʻu: Nā'oluaʻo Turche, Kāhewa, nā mea hana kīwī
9. Hoʻohālikelike me nā mea'ē aʻe
Hoʻohana nuiʻia ka cheelle cheel cf8m ma muli o kona kaulike o ka paleʻana o ka corrosion, Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies, a me ka pā.
Akā naʻe,, Ma ke koho koho, He mea pono ke hoʻohālikelike iā CF8M e kū'ē i nā kila kila maikaʻiʻole e hoʻopiliʻia a hana i nā koina i hanaʻia no ka hoʻoholoʻana i nā kūpono o nā lawelaweʻoihana.
Eia kahiʻike hoʻohālikelike:
| Waiwai / Pili | Cf8m (Kiola 316) | CF8 (Kiola 304) | Cf3m (Low-c 316l) | CF8c (Stabilzed 347-ʻano) | Huhū 316 / 316L ss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nā'Ilei Hoʻolālā | Cr 18%, I 9%, Mo 2-3% | Cr 18%, I 8% | Cr 18%, I 9%, Mo 2-3%, C ≤ 0.03% | Cr 18%, I 10%, Nb-stabilized | Like me cf8m / Cf3m |
| Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion (Wood) | ~ 25 (ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe) | ~ 19-20 (haʻahaʻa) | ~ 25-26 (High, nui loa i nā welds) | ~ 20-21 | 25-26 (Uaʻoi aku ka nui o ka hanaʻana i ka palaoa) |
| Chordid resistisan | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono i ka maikaʻi | Maikaʻi loa i ka papa |
| Wawahua | Kūpono | Kūpono | Luna loa (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka sensitization) | Kūpono (Ma muli o nb stabilization) | Kūpono |
| ʻO ka paleʻana i ke kū'ēʻana | Maikaʻi loa (Me ka mea i kālaiʻia) | Loli | ʻAi maikaʻiʻia (c, oi aku ferrite) | Maikaʻi loa | Maikaʻi loa |
| Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | ~ 485-585 | ~ 450-550 | ~ 450-550 | ~ 500-600 | ~ 500-620 |
Ewangantion (%) |
~ 30-35 | ~ 30-40 | ~ 35-40 | ~ 30-35 | ~ 40-50 |
| Hoka & Ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe | I ka 600 ° C | Loli | Haʻahaʻa (Ka ikaika) | Luna loa (Nb stabilizes grain ulu) | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā māka (laulaha) |
| Whola | Kūpono | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa (E hoʻemi i ka lalo c e hōʻemi i ka wai) | Loli | Pili ʻole |
| Markinpalibility | Kūpono i ka maikaʻi | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa |
| Nā noi maʻamau | Nā Vilves, Pumps, Lea Maina Honu | Matapili, Nā Pono Hana | Bio / Pharma, Kāleka haʻahaʻa | Petrochemimical, Nā lawelawe kiʻekiʻe aʻoaʻo-temp | Nā ipu koʻikoʻi, kaructural turi |
| Kālā | Loli | Haʻahaʻa | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe (ʻO ke kumukūʻai hoʻoili hana hana) |
Nā Kūleʻa Kil
- Cf8m vs. CF8: Hāʻawiʻo CF8m i ka paleʻana ma muli o ka molybdenum no ka molybdenum akāʻoi aku ka nui. Kūpono no ka moana, meaʻai-papa, a me nā noi hana kaulike.
- Cf8m vs. Cf3m: Uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o CF3M maikaʻi a hōʻemi i ka pilikia o kaʻike, e hana ana i nā mea kūpono loa i nā wahi kūpono a me nā hana maʻamau, e like me nā moku pharmaceutical.
- Cf8m vs. CF8c: ʻO CF8c ka mea kiʻekiʻe no nā noi noi i hoʻonuiʻia, Mahalo iā Niobium Stability e hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka creep.
- Cf8m vs. Huhū 316/316L: Hāʻawi i nā lako hana e hāʻawi maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopauʻana, akā, hāʻawiʻo CF8m i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā no ka nui, Nā'āpana paʻakikī.
10. Hopena
Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻO ka cheelless Steel Cf8m kahi hana kiʻekiʻe-hana kiʻekiʻe e hanaʻia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hoʻoponopono a me nā mea e noi ana.
ʻO kāna mea i manaʻoʻiaʻo CR-Ni-Mo Chemistry, ʻO ka mictitic austetitic, aʻo ka hale kūʻai maikaʻi loa e hana ia i nā mea hilinaʻi i nāʻoihana e hāʻawi ana i nāʻoihana mai ka aila a me ke kaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Inā paha i kauʻia ma nā kūlana o nā mea hana ma mua, Cf8m e hilinaʻi mau i ka hilinaʻi, ʻO ka hana lōʻihi.
Cf8m e waiho ana i kahi papa hana no nā meaʻenehana a me nā metallirgists eʻimi ana i kahi hopena kūpono me keʻano kūlike a me keʻano mechanical.
LangHe ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe nā kila kila.
