Nickel menging point (maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe, kokoke 1 ancy): ~ 1455 ° C = 1728 K = 2651 ° F. Uaʻaeʻia kēia waiwai ma waena o nā kuhikuhi mua.
E wehewehe ana kēia mahana i ke hoʻololiʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka lolo i ka wai a pāʻani i kahi hana waena ma ke kūkuluʻana, ʻO kaʻenehana uila kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hana hana holomua holomua.
Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka manaʻo o ka niying o Nickel mai nā hiʻohiʻona lehulehu-me nā thermodynamics, hilinaʻi hilinaʻi, alloy hana, a me ke kaʻina hana-hāʻawi i kaʻike waiwai nui i loko o kaʻepekema maʻamau a me ka hanaʻoihanaʻoihana.
1. He aha ka manaʻo o ka Melting
'Ōlelo Malting Point ʻo ia ka mahana i kahi o nā loli o kahi mea i loko o ka paʻa i ka wai i loko o ka equilibrium.
No ka mickel maʻemaʻe, ʻO keʻano o ka Melting kahi i hoʻohālikelikeʻia1455 ° C (1728 K, 2651 ° F)-Since e hana ai i kahi hoʻololi pololei mai ka crystalline paʻa i ka wai homogeneous.
He ʻokoʻa, nā alloys a me nā'ōnaehana lehulehu he nui e hōʻike pinepine ai i ka hoʻohemo melū, ho'ākākaʻia e kahi solidus (Ma kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka melting) a me ka wai (kahi i piha ai ka waiwai), Ma muli o ke kamaʻilioʻana o nā hana lehulehu a me nā mea.
ʻAʻole wale ka manaʻo o ka Melting i ke kino kino; he mau mea hohonu i loko o kaʻepekema a me kaʻenehana:
- ʻO ka'ōlelo kuhikuhi Thermodynamic: E hōʻike ana i ka kaulike ma waena o nā ikaika o nā ikaika o ka ikaika a me nā wai wai, Ke hana nei i ke kumu nui i nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā hoʻolālā.
- Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka hihu Kahiko: E wehewehe ana i ka mahana haʻahaʻa e pono ai no ka hoʻoleiʻana, Ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana, a iʻole nā hana hana e pili ana i nā hana.
- Kahi Hoʻopau Kahuahua: Ua hoʻonohonoho ia i kahi palena kiʻekiʻe no nā noi o nā lako; ʻOiaiʻo Nickel-e pili ana i nā alloys e hiki ke hana maluhia ma 1000-1100 ° C, Pono lākou e noho ma lalo o ka manina o ka nickel e mālama i ka kūpaʻa hoʻonohonoho.
I keʻano, Hōʻike ka manaʻo Melting i ka ka palena ma waena o ke kauoha a me ka maʻiʻeha ma ka moku'āina metallic, Ke hoʻohilahilaʻana i kaʻikeʻepekema a me keʻano o ka hana o Nickel a me kāna mea hanaʻoihana.
2. ʻO kaʻepekema o Nickel Meting Point: ʻO ka hoʻolālā atomic a me ka loaʻaʻana
ʻO keʻano o ka nickel kiʻekiʻe o Nickel 1455 ° C ua huiʻia ma kāna hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho a me nā pūʻali koa.
E like me ka mea hao transit, crystallizes nickel i a cubic cub (Fcc) ʻano, kahi i hoʻopiliʻia ai nā atom a me nā hoʻololiʻana i nā electrons ʻO ka pū metallic.
Ua hoʻokumuʻia kēia mea hana kālā i kahi "moana o nā eleele delocalized" e paʻa pū ana i nā hua'ōlelo kūpono, e koi ana i ka ikehu i ka ikehu.
Hāʻawi ka FCC Lattic i hāʻawiʻia i nāʻano o Nickel a me ka paʻakikī, akā,ʻo kona kūpaʻaʻana he nui ka nui o ka wela e pono ai ke kāʻiliʻia ma mua o ka wā e wāwahi ai ka pattice i kahi kūlana wai.
Pela no, ʻO ka manaʻo o ka nilching e hōʻike ana i ka kaulike ma waena o kona Hoʻopaʻa ka uila, ʻO ka ikaikaʻo Metallic,
a me ke Kikaikahi-ʻO nā mea e wehewehe pū ana i kona noho kūlohelohe a me ka waiwai o kaʻoihana.
3. ʻO Menu ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe: ʻO ka mea kumu mua e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā Nickel Meting Point
Ka pinepine 1455 ° C Meling Point pili wale ʻO Ultra-High-Prily nickel (≥99.99%, I kekahi manawa i kapaʻiaʻo Nickel).
I ka hanaʻoihana, ʻAʻole loa e noho kokokeʻo Nickel ma kēiaʻano kūpono; ', he mau mea hoʻopunipuni a iʻole nā hemahema a iʻole nā mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā mea e hoʻololi i keʻano me ka ʻO ka hopena o ke kiʻekiʻe-pointzing-point, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai nā'āina haole i ka lattice metallic a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana o ka hoʻololi.
Nā hopena kūponoʻole ma ka manaʻo Melting
ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i hiki i nā mea nui ke hoʻoikaika nui i ka hana o Nickel:
| Poino | Ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau (%) | ʻO ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana (° C) | Kū hoʻohālikelike (° C) |
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | 0.1 | 15-20 | 1435-1440 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.05 | 8-12 | 1443-1447 |
| 'Eron (Lia) | 1.0 | 10-15 | 1440-1445 |
| Oxycongen (Ooe) | 0.01 | 5-8 | 1447-1450 |
No kēia kumu, "ʻO ke kāpiliʻana iā Nickel (e like me ka helu astm b162 200, 99.0-99.5% ma) ʻO ka mea maʻamau ma luna o kahi ākea o 1430-1450 ° C, Ma mua o kahi waiwai koʻikoʻi.
He koʻikoʻi kēiaʻano hana no ke kaʻina hana metallirgrical: ʻAʻole hiki i ka loaʻaʻana o ka moʻokāki no nā hopena kīnāʻole hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana, lihao, a iʻole nā hemahema i ka hanaʻana.
ʻO Ultra-High-Prily nickel: Nā palapala koʻikoʻi
He ʻokoʻa, ʻO Ultra-High-Prily nickel (99.999%) e pili pono i ka 1455 ° C Meling Point.
ʻO kona kūpaʻa e hana i ka mea iʻikeʻia ma nāʻenehana loea holomua ma kahi o ka mea i hikiʻole ke kamaʻilioʻana nā mea hana semiconducor, 'ōkuhi-kiʻi kiʻi, a me nā mea a androspace subealys.
I kēia mau hihia, ʻO kekahi mau kiʻekiʻe o nāʻano likeʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kūpono a iʻole ka hana hana.
4. Nickel alloys: Pehea e hoʻololi ai nā kumukūʻai alloying
ʻO ka waiwai nui o Nickel ka nui o kaʻoihana, Akā ma kona hiki ke hana alloys me ka nui o nā mea nui.
E hōʻike ana kēia mau hana i nāʻano nani i nā nani mai ka nickel (1455 ° C), e alakaʻiʻia e nā intictic interctions ma waena o nā nīlī a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
Kekahi mau mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka manaʻo menging ma o ka hoʻokumuʻana o Eetectic, ʻOiai e kekahi E ho'āla a hoʻopaʻaʻia paha ma ka hāʻawiʻana i nā hana kiʻekiʻe.
Nā mea hou me nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
Kekahi metals-e like me keleawe (Cu), zinc (Zn), A manganese (Mn)-ʻO nā'ōnaehana Etutectic me Nickel.
ʻO kēia mau mea makemake e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma nā mahana ma lalo o nā meaʻelua, ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka mālamaʻana a me ka hana hana.
- Molol 400 (65% I, 34% Cu): Hoʻohemo melū 1300-1350 ° C, e pili ana i 100-150 ° C haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka nickel maʻemaʻe.
Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke kāheaʻana a ke kala nei i ka wā e mālama ana i ka paleʻana o Nickel, He kūpono kūpono no ka Kawaihae Keli, Pumps, a me nā mea kālepa kālepa kālepa. - Ni-zn alloys: Hoʻohanaʻia ma Corrosion-resistant Coatings, pōmaikaʻi mai nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻoili ai i ka hoʻoiliʻana.
Ka hoʻemiʻana o nā mea hoʻomehana hoʻomehana kaulikeia I ka wā o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana akā hiki ke palena i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe.
Nā mea hou me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
I ka wā e hoʻokaʻawaleʻia me nā metala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me ka chromium (Cr), Mybridelu (Mo), a iʻole ka'ōpala (W), ʻO Nickel puka i ke kumu o Hualaola.
ʻAʻole paha ma mua o kēia mau lako i ka manina o ka nickel, Akā mālama lākou i ka ikaikaʻokoʻa a me ka paʻa ma mahana kokoke i 80% o ko lākou manaʻo meno, he waiwai i ikeia pale pale.
- Actoel 625 (59% I, 21.5% Cr, 9% Mo): Hoʻohemo melū 1290-1350 ° C-ʻOi ma mua o ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe,
Akā me keʻano nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. - Haddelloy X (47% I, 22% Cr, 18.5% Lia, 9% Mo): Hoʻohemo melū 1290-1355 ° C, Hoʻohana nuiʻia i loko o nā trubines Gasbines a me Petrochemitical.
- Nickel-tungsten alloys (E.g., 80% I, 20% W): Match point a puni 1600 ° C,
ma luna o ka nickel maʻemaʻe, hana ma nā mea pili nui a me nā noi pili-pale.
Eia keʻano o ke kālepa: ʻAʻole wale keʻano o ka hoʻomālamalamaʻana.
', Hoʻolālāʻo Alloy i nā hana kaulike i ka hana me keʻano mechanical, ʻO ka pale oxidation,
a me ka mea hana e hāʻawi aku ai i ka hana ma mua o ka mea e pono ai ka nickel maʻemaʻe.
5. Ke anaʻana o Nickel Meting Point: Nā Kūlana a me nā Kūlana
ʻO ka hoʻoholo kūponoʻana o ka Melting Point Point o Nickel he koʻikoʻi no kaʻelua ʻOihana hoʻoiliʻana and ʻO ka noiʻiʻepekema.
ʻO kekahi mau ala i hoʻokumuʻia a me nā kūlana e hōʻoia ai i ka hana hou a me ka pololei.
ʻO nā hana loiloi Thermal
- ʻO ka carnametyʻokoʻaʻokoʻa (Dsc): Ke anaʻana i ka wela wela e like me keʻanoʻo Nickel, ka nānāʻana i ka onet kūpono o ka hoʻoheheʻe. Kūpono no ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻawina liʻiliʻi.
- Ka nānāʻana i ka thermokeramettric (Tga): Ke hoʻololi nei nā loiloi i ke kaupaonaʻana i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai; hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka conjunction me DSC no ka hōʻoia hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka loiloi hoʻololiʻana.
- Hāʻule a hāʻule paha i nā hoʻokolohua hanu: Hoʻokomoʻia nā kaʻina hana kuʻuna i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma keʻano he nui kiʻekiʻe a me ka nānāʻana i keʻano ma lalo o ke aniani (ʻO ka hakahaka a iʻole ka haunaele). Maʻamau i loko ʻO ka hoʻokele waiwai.
Nā kūlana a me nā kuhikuhi kuhikuhi
- Astm e121: ʻO keʻano hōʻike hoʻokolohua maʻamau no ka melting mau wahi o nā metala me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka optical or thermal teaclical.
- Iso 945-1: E wehewehe i keʻano metallic a me nā kaʻina hōʻoia hōʻoia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā hana kiʻekiʻe.
- Nā kikowaena ākea ākea (Kona-90): Hāʻawi i nā mahana e pili ana i nā mahana no ka calibration o nā thermocoules kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kanu.
ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka hōʻoia
- Maʻemaʻe o ka hoʻohālike: Hiki i nā mea hoʻowalewale ke hoʻololi i nā pahuhopu i kohoʻia e nā mea e hoʻoheheʻeʻia e ka 5-20 ° C.
- Kaohi o ka lewa: Hiki i nā'āpana oxidizing i nā hopena o nā hopena, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i keʻano o keʻano.
- ʻO ka heluʻana a me nā mea kanu nani: Hiki i ka wikiwiki o Rapid a iʻole ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i keʻano wela i hiki ke alakaʻi i nā heluhelu i loko; ʻO nā helu ramp (1-10 ° C / min) e hōʻikeʻia.
6. No ke aha nā mea e hōʻoleʻole ai (1453-1455 ° C)
E ike oe 1453 ° C and 1455 ° C I nā leka uilaʻokoʻa. ʻO ka mea hoʻolaha i hōʻikeʻia sample maʻemaʻe, palau (Ooe, S, C) e kaumaha iki ana i ka wai, and Ke Ana Ana (Dta / dsc calibration, Kaumakaiwa Kanaka).
Ua hoʻopiliʻia nā koina data nui i ~ 1455 ° C, ʻOiai keʻano o nā kino o kaʻoihana 1453 ° C; ua paleʻia nā meaʻelua i loko o ka hōʻike hoʻokolohua.
ʻOiai i kēia mauʻokoʻa, 1455 ° C ʻo ia ka mea iʻaeʻia e kaʻenehanaʻenehana.
7. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o kaʻoihanaʻo nickel menging Point
Nickel metting point 1455 ° C no Ultra-PRY NICKEL-ʻO nā mea hou aku ma mua o kahi waiwai waiwai; he ʻO keʻano koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia hana o ka hana nickel a me ka noi, mai ka extraction i nā hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana a me ka hōʻoluʻolu
- Smelting: Nickel ores, e like me ka pentlandite, uaʻehaʻia i nā mea e pili ana i nā furnang adric 1500-1600 ° C,
ma luna o luna ma luna o ka manina e menging o nickel, e hoʻokō i nā wai wai piha o nā kiʻina nickel. - ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana: Inika nickel (95-98% maʻemaʻe) is refined to ʻO Ultra-High-maʻemaʻe (99.99%+) ma o ka electrolysis.
Ka nānāʻana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana o keʻano o ka manicked nicken e hōʻoia ʻO ka wela o ka wela, pale aku i ka ho'ēmiʻana i ke anuanu a iʻole ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka mana o ka ikehu.
Kauhi, Kākau, a kanikau iho la
- Kauhi: ʻO Nickel a me Nickel Alloys e hoʻokaʻawale pinepineʻia 50-100 ° C ma luna o ko lākou mau wahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai E mālama i ka waiʻona a hōʻemi i nā hemahema.
ʻo kahi laʻana, E hoʻoleiʻiaʻo Nickel maʻemaʻe 1500-1555 ° C, oiai 400 (Ni-Cu alloy) Melts ma 1300-1350 ° C, eʻae ana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa aʻo ka mālamaʻana i ke kū'ēʻana. - Kākau: Ua ho'ōla ke kalaʻana i ka wela ma 75-85% o ka manaʻo o ka Melting Melting (≈1100-1250 ° C no Nickel),
e hoʻonāukiuki i ka mea hao no ka paleʻana me kaʻole o ka wai wai, ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi no nā'āpana e like me nā'ōpala o Turbine a me nā mea hana hoʻonohonoho. - Welding: ʻO nā mea hana Nickel-e hoʻokumuʻia e hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻohana ana i nā kaʻina e like me Tig a iʻole ka laser ulding.
ʻOiai eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea hoʻokūkū ma mua o keʻano o ka mering, 'ōlelo ʻO nā wahi wela wela (HAZ) pono e mālama ponoʻia e pale i ka holoiʻana i ka wai, huika ola, a iʻole ka microstructural.
Nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe
- Aerospace: Nickel mau (E.g., Actoel 718, Actoel 625) hoʻohanaʻia ma nā keʻenaʻo Jet Engine,
e hana ana ma 1200-1300 ° C-ʻOi ma lalo o ka waihoʻoluʻu, Ke koi nei i nā mea waiwai me ka hoʻomauʻana o keʻano o keʻano a me ke kū'ēʻana. - Kaʻohana a me ka mana: ʻO nā mea i loaʻa i nā wahi a me nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kanuʻo Nokler 600-1200 ° C, Ke koi nei i nā waiwai kūponoʻole a me nā mea hana.
- Mea uila: Ua hanaʻiaʻo Nickel maʻemaʻe i nā thermocoules a me nā hau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kāna ʻO keʻano hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi, e hōʻoia ana i nā heluhelu ponoʻana i 1400 ° C.
8. ʻO kaʻikepili wikiwiki no nā mīkini
| Waiwai / Alloy | Ka Hoʻolālā (wt%) | Malting Point (° C) | Nā memo / HALE HALE LOA |
| Mickel maʻemaʻe (Elepulikeleka) | ≥ 99.99% | 1455 | ʻO Ultra-High-Prily nickel, Hoʻohanaʻia ma Semiconductors, 'ōkuhi-kiʻi kiʻi, thermoleples |
| ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku i ka nickel | Ma 99-99.5% | 1430-1450 | ʻO ka Nickel-papa inoa inoa no ke kāʻeiʻana a me ka lole |
| Molol 400 | I 65, Cu 34, Maahua 1 | 1300-1350 | Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa etutectic, corrosions-resistant, Marine a me nā noi noi |
| Actoel 625 | I 59, Cr 21.5, Mo 9, Lia 5.5 | 1290-1350 | ʻO ka huaʻai nui-kiʻekiʻe no Aerospace, nā wahi hau |
| Haddelloy X | I 47, Cr 22, Lia 18.5, Mo 9 | 1290-1355 | Hawe- a me ka corrosion-resisitant alloy no nā lāʻau gas i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau |
| Ni-w alloy | I 80, W 20 | ~ 1600 | ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā alloy kiʻekiʻe no nā'āpana durnace, ʻO keʻano hana kiʻekiʻe |
9. Hopena
Nickel menging point, cited cited as 1455° C no Ultra-PRY NICKEL, heʻano koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e hoʻohālikelike ai i kāna exchation, E hōʻoluʻolu, AliLila, a me nā palapala noi.
Nāʻano likeʻole, palau, a me nā mea'ē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻololi nui i kēia waiwai, Ke hana nei i kahi ākea ākea o nāʻano o ka haunaele ma waena o nā hale kūʻaiʻo Nickel Nickel a me nā alloys.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana he mea nui kēia mau mea no nā meaʻenehana a me nā metallirgists e hoʻohālikelike ai Kauhi, Kākau, Welding, a me ka hana-kiʻekiʻe.
Eia hou, ʻO ka hiki ke hiki i ka Nickel ke hana i nā alloys kūikawā 400 i nā huaʻai-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe
e like me ka inconoel a me ni-w-e hoʻolōʻihi i kona pono AerERPPACE, ikaika, Kekau, a me nāʻoihana uila uila.
FaqS
ʻO ka hoʻololiʻanaʻo Nickel Menging Point e hoʻololi me ke kaomi?
ʻAe, Akā ma lalo o nā kūlanaʻoihana. A 1 ancy (Ke kaomi kūlana), nickel melts ma 1455 ° C; a 100 ancy, Ua hoʻonuiʻia ka lumi Melting e ~ 5 ° C (to ~ 1460 ° C). ʻAʻole kūpono kēia hopena no ka hapa nui o nā noi.
No ke aha e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai nā mea nickel i lalo o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka nickel maʻemaʻe?
Hualaola (E.g., Actoel 625) i nā mea e like me ka chromium a me ka molybdenum e hana ana i nā pae intmetallica paʻa (E.g., γ 'Pham) I nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Ke pale nei kēia mau haumāna i ka nui o ka palaoa palaoa (hoka), ʻOiai inā he haʻahaʻa loa keʻano o ka alloy o ka alloy ma mua o ka nickel.
Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Nickel Mellot Melting Point eʻike i kona maʻemaʻe?
ʻAe. Ke anaʻana i ka manaʻo e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma ka DSC a me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana iā ia i ka 1455 ° C maʻamau kahi ala maʻalahi e koho i ka maʻemaʻe.
ʻO kahi wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻike i nāʻike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (E.g., 1430° C manaʻo i ka ~ 0.5% mau mea nui).
He aha ka mea e hōʻikeʻia inā he mea hoʻomehanaʻiaʻo Nickel ma luna o kona wahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai no nā manawa lōʻihi?
E noho mauʻo Nickel i ka wai akā hiki paha i ka oxidize i ka lewa (forming nickel oxide, Nipo, he nui kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoheheʻeʻia-1955 ° C).
I loko o nā leʻaleʻa (E.g., Aron), Hoʻopiliʻia ka wai nickel a hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia ma 1500-1600 ° C no ke kauʻana me ka hoʻopunipuniʻole.
Aia ma laila nā keiki nukel me nā kumu me lalo ma luna o 1600 ° C?
ʻAe. Nickel-tungsten alloys (E.g., 70% I, 30% W) i ulging point ~ 1650 ° C, ʻOiaiʻo Nickel-Rhenium Alloys (E.g., 80% I, 20% NāʻOihana) melt at ~ 1700 ° C.
Hoʻohanaʻia kēia i nā noi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me nā inoa o nā pōhaku rocket.
