Nā waiwai o kā kalamini

1. ʻO ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana

E hui pū anaʻo ia i ka aluminanimum i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka ikaika maikaʻi, ʻO ka hale kūʻai maikaʻi loa a me ka corrosion e kū'ē ana me ka nui o ke kaʻina hana.

Ua hilinaʻi nuiʻia kona mau waiwai ma keʻano hemy chemistry, Ke kūʻai aku nei i keʻano a me nā hana mālama (E.g., ʻO ka hana wela, surface finishing).

Hoʻomaopopo i nā mea kū kino, nā mea hoʻokele microstructural, ʻO nā pilina pili-waiwai a me nā hana maʻamau e pono ai nāʻano hana maʻamau no ke kohoʻana i ka carch aluminim no ka lōʻihi, māmā māmā, nā mea hana hana.

2. Hōʻike - no ke aha e hoʻopili ai i nā mea aluminim

ʻO nā hale kūʻai aluminum e loaʻa ana i ka automotive, AerERPPACE (nā'āpana koʻikoʻi), Marine, mea uila, Hoʻohana hā'ālua mana, nā mea hana wela, a me nā lako hana maʻamau.

Koho nā mea hoʻolālā i nā alumini i ka wā o kahi geometry paʻakikī, Nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohuiʻia, kaupaona haʻahaʻa (ʻO ka ikaika koʻikoʻi / paʻakikī), a kūpono ke kū'ē i ke kū'ēʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ka huiʻana o ka hana kino, hanaʻoihana hana ma ke kāʻei, a hoihoi hou.

3. ʻO nā waiwai pilikino o ka kāpiliʻana i ka aluminim

4. ʻO Metallirgy a me Microstructure o kā Sars Alminim

Kiola Apana Apana Aluminum e pili ana i ka alumini (AL) Matrix me nā hoʻohui hoʻohui:

• ʻO Al-S Diʻohana (Silumin) ʻo ia kaʻohana i hoʻohana nuiʻia no ka meaʻo Silicon e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai, ho'ēmi i ka shrinkage, a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
  Moloka: α-al dendritic matrix me nā mea etectic shai; ʻO ka morphology a me ka hāʻawiʻana o Si Sire ikaika i ka ikaika, ductility a me ka lole.
• Al-si-mg ʻO nā alloys he wela-mālamaʻia (ʻO nā makahiki paʻakikī e pili ana i nā couphitates e like me mg₂si).
• Al-cu a al-zn Hāʻawiʻia nā alloys e hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe akā hiki ke hōʻemi i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion a koi i ka mālama wela wela.
• ESTamESTICS (Nā lā holoholona hihiu, C-i nā hama) ʻano hana i ka wā hoʻoponopono a me ka mana o ka waiwai mechanical a me ka mancinability.
  Ke kāohi nei i ka chemistry a me ka mālamaʻana (E.g., Mn no ka hoʻololiʻana) hoʻohanaʻia e kaupalena i nā morpologies materyly.
• ʻO keʻano o ka degritic i loko o kahi paʻa: ʻO ka nui o ka hana mua α-al dendrites a me ke kūpaʻa interdendritic; Finer Dendrite Arndrike (ʻO ka haukaleʻa wikiwiki) ʻO ka maʻamau ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā mea hana.

ʻO nā mīkini hoʻomaluʻo Microstructural:

• ʻO ka lepo lepo (No, B Axtitions a iʻole kaʻohiʻohi i loko o nā inoculants) ho'ēmi i ka wela wela a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechaninical.
• Kaʻike (E.g., Sr, Na no ke hoʻololi) Hoʻololi i ka platte-like si i loko o nā morporus a me nā morphologies improfes hoʻomaikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī.
• ʻO ka degusing a me hydrogen he koʻikoʻi: ʻO ka hydroged hydrogen e hoʻopiʻi i ka poosity gas; ʻO ka degusing a me ka hoʻopunipuni kūpono e hōʻemi ai i ka pososity a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona.

5. Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies (ikaika, kumaikalua, paakiki, Kaluhi)

Ikaika a me ka pono

• ʻO Shore aluminam Aloys Space Space Acreat Account.
  E like me nā ikaika o nā ikaikaʻo Tonile no nā Alloys Alloys Alloys e hāʻule pinepine i nā mika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma nā mika ma lalo nei; unmidified, ʻO nā micsstc micsstcic micsstric micsstric a me nā poosity haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka evengation.
• ʻO nā mea mālama wela (ʻO ka hopena hana, Quetch, ʻO kaʻehaʻeha - maʻamau i kapaʻia t6) hoʻoikaika pono i nā hana (E.g., Mg₂si) a hiki ke hoʻonui nui i ka hopena a me nā ikaika o ka ikaika.

Hālulu

• ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī me Alloying, ʻO kaʻike mua, a me nā wela wela. Hyperoutectic al-si alloys (kiʻekiʻe si) a me nā mea hana wela wela i hanaʻia e hōʻike i nā paʻakikī a me nā pale pale.

Kaluhi

• Ua loaʻa iā ia ka'āinaʻo Aluminim ʻO ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā alloys o ka ikaika like like no ka mea kūʻai aku (Potiwale, Nā kiʻi kiʻi, shrinkage) hana e like me nā pūnaewele hoʻomaka.
  ʻO ke ola momona loa keʻano nui loa i ka maikaʻi, Potiwale, a nā hiʻohiʻona.
• Ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka momona: hoʻemi i ka poosity (Keila, kāohi paʻa), Hoʻopau i nā molitructure, ʻO ka pīkī a iʻole ka hoʻopauʻana, a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻolālā e hōʻemi i nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe

• ʻO nā alloysum alloys i loaʻa i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe; Ua liloʻo Creep ma luna o ~ 150-200 ° C no nā alloys nui.
  Koho no ka mālamaʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e koi i nā makana kūikawā a me nāʻae i hoʻolālāʻia.

6. Nā waiwai a me nā mea waiwai

• Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua: Mālamaʻiaʻo Chore aluminam i ka wā maikaʻi o ka Thermal cenrmal i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā metala kūlike, e hana ana ia no ka sint wela, ʻO nā hale kūʻai a me nā mea e pono ai ka hoʻohanaʻana o ka wela.
  Akā naʻe,, AliLila, ʻO ka lāʻau a me nā microstructure e hōʻemi i ka wā e hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe Al.
• Ka hoʻonuiʻana: Kiʻekiʻe loa cte (~ 22-24 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) ʻO nā Mandanes e mālama pono ai a me nā hoʻolālā hui me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (Kukui Kekuhi, Nā Kūlana) E pale i ke kaumaha a iʻole keʻano o ka hanaʻole.
• Mea kūʻai uila: Haʻahaʻa ma ka hoʻoleiʻana i nā alloys ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe al; hoʻohana mauʻia kahi mea nui ka mea nui (E.g., nā pāpale wahine, hui pū me nā mea hana).

7. ʻO keʻano o ke kaiāulu a me ke kaiāulu

• Mālamaʻo Oxide Oxide: Ua hanaʻiaʻo Aluminim i kahi'āpana, adherent al₂o₃ Oxide Film e hāʻawi ana i ka paleʻana o ka maikaʻi o ke kūleʻa nui i nā lewa he nui.
• ʻO ka nānāʻana i nā wahi chloride: I nā mea e pili ana i nā wahi i loaʻaʻoleʻia (Maniki Prince, nā momona momona), Hiki ke hiki i ke kikowaena o ke kūloko a iʻole crevice corrosion, ʻO ka mea nui ma kahi e hoʻokumu ai i nā pūnaewele i hoʻokumu i nā pūnaewele micro-galvanic.
• Nā noʻonoʻo pīhoihoi Galmanni: I ka wā e hui ai i nā metala noble (E.g., kila kohu ʻole), ʻO Aluminim ka anodic a e corrode maikaʻiʻole inā pili i ka uila uila ma kahi electrolyte.
• Mālama i nā ana: ALLOLOL koho, Nā pāpale (Anodichiz, nā constings, Nā pena, Kāwili Pahu), nā poʻe koa ma nā'āpana a me nā hoʻolālā e pale aku ai e pale i nā cravies e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana lōʻihi.

8. ʻO nā kaʻina hana a pehea e pili ai lākou i nā waiwai

Nā ala koho'ē aʻe e hana i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, hoʻopau ʻili, nā mea hana a me nā mea waiwai:

• Sand cread: Uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā maikaʻi, ʻO ka Microstructure corleser, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena possity kiʻekiʻe, ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana. Maʻamau no ka nui, nā'āpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā meaʻike like me ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka makeʻana.
• Make (ikaika nui) Kauhi: Laki, nā hoʻomanawanui pili, ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa e hoʻopau i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
  ʻO ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki e hāʻawi i nā microstructure maikaʻi a me nā mea hana maikaʻi, Akāʻo nā mea make e make pinepine ai i ka hau a me ka pohō; Nui loa nā alloys he nui i ka hana i keʻano ma keʻano like me nāʻano o ka sand al-mg alloys.
• Hui mauʻole mau (Gravity): Hoʻomaikaʻi i nā microstruncture vs Sand Canding (ʻO ka politika haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā meaʻike), ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūlohelohe.
• Waiwai kūʻai (nalowale-wax) Kauhi: ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa a hoʻopau i nā geomet, hoʻohanaʻia no nā'āpana mua ma nā helu haʻahaʻa.
• ʻO Centricugual kāhea / squeeze casting: Hoʻohanaʻia ma kahi e pono ai ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe (Nā'āpana cylindrical, ʻO nā hale noho no ka nui o nā noi).

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai:

• Wikiwiki maikaʻi (make buring, ʻO ka molū mau loa me nā chulls) →'xerlelo maikaʻiʻo Dinrite Dongike → ikaika ikaika a me ka lōʻihi.
• Ke kāohi neiʻo Poosity (Keila, Hoʻopili i ke kāheaʻana) → koʻikoʻi no nā noi momona-paʻakikī.
• Ke hilinaʻi nei ka waiwai waiwai ma ka'āpana'āpana, huanui, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai a me nā koi.

9. ʻO ka hana wela, AliLila, a me nā mana o nā microsstructure

E hōʻuluʻulu kēia'āpana i keʻano o ke kukui, Ke kāhea nei i ka hana hana a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i keʻano o ka Thermal Conpect e hoʻoholo ai i ka microstructure - a no laila keʻano, ʻO nā momona a me nā waiwai corrosioni.

Nā mea nui a me kā lākou hopena

Hoʻopau (Age) ʻO ka paʻakikī

Nui nā mea i loaʻa i nā al-si-mg alloys ka wela i ka wela (Nāʻohana T-Temp). ʻO ka'ōlelo maʻamau:

1. ʻO ka hopena hana - E paʻa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau i nā'āpana (E.g., Mg₂si) i loko o kahi hopena paʻa o ka homogeneous super.
   Maʻamau ka hopena maʻamau no nā alloys al-si canding alloys he kiʻekiʻe loa e hoʻokokoke ai akāʻaʻole ma mua o ka haunaeleʻana; Ke hilinaʻi nei nā manawa ma ka mānoanoa.
2. Quetch - RIPID Hoʻomake (ka wai wai, Poker Quench) e mālama i kahi hopena paʻa superestaturated i ka mahana o ka lumi.
   Pono ka helu Quench e lawa ai e pale i ka pauʻana o ka papa mua e hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī.
3. ʻEhā - Ke kāohi nei (ʻO ka wā kahiko) E hoʻonui i nā'āpana maikaʻi maikaʻi (E.g., Mg₂si) i ka neʻeʻana o ka neʻeʻana.
   Aia pinepine kahi kūlana paʻakikī (Nā makahiki kiʻekiʻe); ʻO nā mea hou aʻe e hana ana i ke aloha a me ka hanaʻana (hōʻemiʻia ka ikaika, hoʻonui i ka manawa).

ʻO nā papa o ka hoʻomaka pinepineʻana mai Guinier-Preston (Gp) zanes (cherent, maikaʻi loa) → semi-che-cheerent pretarete.

ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia.

ʻElua mau hoʻolālā maʻamau:

• T6 - ka hopena, Uaʻaeʻia a me kaʻeha nui i ka ikaika ikaika (maʻamau no A356 / T6 a me nā allowys like).
• T4 - kūlohelohe (lumi-lumi) ka makahiki ma hope o ka quench (ʻAʻohe hana hoʻokūkū maikaʻi) - Hāʻawi i nā kaulike waiwaiʻokoʻa a hoʻohanaʻia i nā noi kūikawā.

Ka hopena kūpono: ʻO nā mea hoʻonaninani wela (Al-Si-mgʻohana) hiki i ko lākou ikaika o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o ka ikaika e hoʻonui nuiʻia me ka hoʻoiliʻana o T6, pinepine ma ke kumu kūʻai o kekahi mau ductility a hoʻonui i kaʻike i ka nānāʻana i nā hemahema (koi aku i nā koi, Kauhai).

Nā hoʻokokoke a me nā hana kūikawā

• Retrorking a me re-aging (Rra ka-): hoʻohanaʻia i kekahi mau mea hana i hanaʻia e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā waiwai ma hope o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni; ʻokoʻa nā mea maʻamau no nā hale kūʻai akā pili i nā hihia niche.
• ʻElua-hanaʻelua a iʻole he mau makahiki he nui: hiki ke kūpono i ka kaulike o ka ikaika; nā mea kiko'ī i hoʻopaʻaʻia no ka alloy a me ka'āpana.
• Microtalloy me zr / sc / be: i ka hana a nā mea hana a Zr a iʻole sc for fucpersoidsʻo ia ka ulu nui o ka pona i ka wā wela a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe; He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka noʻonoʻoʻana.
• ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela (Hip): hoʻemi i ka posity kūloko a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola momona no nā hale kūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe aerospace).

10. Ke hoʻopau nei i nā manaʻo a me ka noʻonoʻoʻana

• Anodizing: ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o ka maʻi uila, ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosion a me ka hopena cosmetic. Maikaʻi no nā hale mālama inā hoʻolālāʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kēia manawa.
• Nā constings (chromate a iʻole nā ​​koho balotaʻole): E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka adhesion peshes a me ke kū'ēʻana; chromates mōʻaukala i hoʻohanaʻia akā ua hoʻololi nuiʻia no nā kumu o nā kaiāulu.
• Kāleka / ʻO ka paleʻana: maʻamau no nā Aesthetics a hoʻohuiʻia i ka pale o Corrosiot; prpin prep (ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, etgian) He koʻikoʻi.
• Machimen: ʻO nā kāpena aluminum maʻamau, ʻO ka mea nui al-si alloys me nā helu manuahi manuahi i kūkuluʻia no ka mea make. Hoʻokomoʻia nā intermetallcks a me nā'āpana paʻakikī i nā mea hana i ka lole.
• Welding: Hiki ke hoʻopauʻia nā mea a nā alloys, aka e mālama ponoʻia: Hiki i nā Zones wela ke hana i ka cracking a iʻole ka pososity; Pono pinepine ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka ulana mua, nā metala filler kūpono a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
  He paʻakikī nā mea nui o kekahi mau alloys kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka weld aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

11. Sustaintability, Nā Makana, a me nā manaʻo ola

• Recyclabiality: He recyclable nui ka alumini; kiʻi houʻia (Ka'ohila) Ua hōʻemiʻo Alminim i ka ikehu i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hana maʻamau (ʻO nā mea i hōʻikeʻia i nā mana o ka ikehu i hiki ai i ~ 90% hoʻohālikelikeʻia me Alumini).
• ʻO nā kumukūʻai ola: Hoʻonui pinepine ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka ikehu e hana i nā noi i nā noi; Pono ke kaulike o nā kumukūʻai mua ma mua o ka mālamaʻana, nā lole a me ka pau-o-ola-ola.
• Nā mea likeʻole: Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā'āpana o nā'āpana ola; Pono ka mālamaʻana o ka mana alloy (He pilikia ka pilikia).

12. Hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike: Kāleka alumini vs. Nā Pūnaewele

13. Nā hopena

Hūnā. he versetile, Hoʻohanaʻia nā meaʻenehanaʻoihana kiʻekiʻe alloy chemistry a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau pou E like me ke kala pono'ī.

I ka manawa kūpono, hana a mālamaʻia, E hoʻouna anaʻo Chore Aluminim i kahi hui hoʻohuihui o haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka ikaika maikaʻi, ke alakaʻiʻana i ka thermal, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion a me ke kahua maikaʻi loa-ʻO nā hemahema e hana ai i keʻano o ke koho no nā mea hou o Automotive, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai-hoʻololi, E kāohi i nā hoʻopili a me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā noi.

 

FaqS

Ua hopuʻiaʻo ia i ka nāwaliwali alumini ma mua o ka hanaʻana?

ʻAʻole loa; Nui nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea hana e loaʻa ai nā ikaika paʻakikī, Ma hope o ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela.

Akā naʻe,, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā hale kūʻai i nā hemahema (Potiwale, Nā Hoʻohui) e hōʻemi ana i ka hana momona i hoʻohālikelikeʻia me ka hana, nā alloys-a-i hanaʻia.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana e hāʻawi aku ai i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa?

Nā kaʻina e hoʻolaha ai i ka wikiwiki, kāohi paʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (mau loa, e hānai ana i ka hānaiʻana me ka degusting kūpono, squeeze casting) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawiʻana i nā waiwai mechaninininies ma mua o nā hale kūʻai o nā lole.

Hiki ke hoʻolei i ka alumini e wela i ka wela?

ʻAe-he nui al-si-mg casting alloys he wela i ka wela (T6-type) e hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika ma o ka hanaʻana, Quetch, A a me ka wā kamaliʻi.

Pehea e pale ai iaʻu i ka pososity i loko o nā hale kūʻai?

E hōʻemi i ka hydrogen (Keila), E kāohi i ka turbulence melt, E hoʻohana i keʻano kūpono a me ka piʻiʻana, E noi i ka flatch, a hoʻonui i ka nininiʻana i ka mahana a me ka hoʻolālā mold.

E kāpīpī i ka alumini maikaʻi no nā wahi moana?

Hāʻawiʻo Aluminim i ka pale o nā corrosion maikaʻi ma muli o ka hanaʻana i ka maʻi uila me ka hoʻopiliʻana i keʻano a me ka balvalicast; koho kūpono kūpono (Marine-Village Alloys), E koiʻia nā lole a me ka hoʻolālā no ka lawelaweʻo Marine.