PEEK pret PTFE: Kas uzvar jūsu pieteikumam?

1. Ievads

Palūrēt (polietereterketons) and PTFE (politetrafluoretilēns) are high-performance engineering polymers but with very different strengths and weaknesses.

Palūrēt is a semi-crystalline, lielas izturības, high-stiffness thermoplastic with excellent creep resistance, dimensional stability and high-temperature mechanical performance; it is used where structure, long-term mechanical reliability and sterilizability are required.

Ptfe is an ultra-inert fluoropolymer famous for exceptionally low friction, virtually universal chemical inertness and outstanding dielectric performance but it has low mechanical strength, high creep (cold flow) and abrasion susceptibility.

Īsi: choose PEEK when structural strength, stiffness and low creep matter; choose PTFE when unrivalled chemical inertness and friction reduction are the primary demands.

2. Material fundamentals

What is PEEK (PolyEtherEtherKetone)

• A semicrystalline thermoplastic (aromatic polyaryletherketone family).
• Melting point ≈ 343 ° C; glass transition ≈ 143 ° C.
• Processable by standard thermoplastic routes (iesmidzināšana, ekstrūzija, saspiešanas liešana), machinable and weldable (hot-plate, ultraskaņas, vibration or laser in controlled setups).
• Tipiski lietojumi: bearings and wear parts (filled grades), strukturālās sastāvdaļas, medicīniskie implanti, hot-oil system parts, savienotāji.

What is PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

• A fluoropolymer with fully fluorinated carbon backbone; highly symmetric and highly chemically inert.
• Melting point ≈ 327 ° C, but it is not melt-processable in conventional thermoplastic equipment — it is processed by paste extrusion, ram extrusion, compression molding and sintering.
• Outstanding chemical inertness, very low coefficient of friction and excellent dielectric properties.
• Tipiski lietojumi: roņi, blīves, chemical liners, low-friction coatings, elektriskā izolācija.

3. Key properties — data table (Tipiski diapazoni) and practical notes

All numeric ranges are typical engineering guidance for common commercial grades (neat polymer). Composite/filler grades (ogleklis, stikls, bronza, MoS₂) change values substantially.

Piezīmes: filled grades (CF-PEEK, glass/bronze-filled PTFE) modify many entries: carbon-filled PEEK increases stiffness and reduces wear; bronze-filled PTFE increases load capacity and abrasion resistance but raises friction and density.

4. Termiskā uzvedība & augstas temperatūras veiktspēja

• Palūrēt: retains mechanical strength at elevated temperatures; typical continuous service up to ~200–250 °C, short excursions higher. Low thermal expansion relative to many polymers; good dimensional stability and low creep at elevated T compared with PTFE.
  Decomposes above ~400 °C — thermal oxidation needs control. PEEK can be steam sterilized repeatedly (autoklāvs) — important for medical use.
• Ptfe: chemically stable at high temperatures and maintains low friction up to ~250–260 °C; above ~260–300 °C decomposition occurs and toxic fluorinated species (Piem., Hf, though exact decomposition products vary) are emitted — thermal safety is a consideration.
  Because PTFE creeps, its usable mechanical service temperature under load is often lower than its thermal stability suggests.

Praktiskā nozīme: Par strukturālās sastāvdaļas operating under load at high temperature choose Palūrēt; par chemical or sliding surfaces exposed to high temperatures but low mechanical load, Ptfe ir pieņemams.

5. Ķīmiska izturība & elektriskās īpašības

• Ķīmiska izturība:Ptfe approximates “resistant to everything” — it resists strong acids, bāzes, šķīdinātāji, oxidizers and is often chosen where no other polymer will survive.
  Palūrēt offers excellent resistance to hydrocarbons, eļļas, steam and many solvents; lai arī, concentrated strong oxidizers and elemental fluorine attack PEEK.
  For many chemical processing applications PEEK is adequate; for the most aggressive chemistries PTFE is safer.
• Dielectric & RF use:Ptfe has a low dielectric constant (~2.0), extremely low loss tangent — ideal for RF/microwave applications.
  Palūrēt is a good electrical insulator but with higher dielectric constant and loss; chosen where mechanical and thermal demands outweigh the need for ultra-low dielectric loss.

6. Tribology, valkāt, sealing and dynamic behaviour

• Berze: PTFE has an extremely low coefficient of friction and provides excellent lubricity.
  Palūrēt (neat) has higher friction but filled PEEK (ogleklis, PTFE blends) can significantly reduce friction.
• Valkāt: PEEK generally has augstāka nodiluma pretestība relative to neat PTFE; for sliding applications under load PEEK (or filled PEEK) often outlasts PTFE.
  PTFE’s advantage is lubricity and conformability — many bearings and low-friction bushings use PTFE-lined structures or filled PTFE (bronze/PTFE) for improved wear life.
• Rāpot & static seals:PTFE creeps and cold-flows significantly under sustained loads — not ideal for static load-bearing components requiring dimensional stability.
  Palūrēt shows much better creep resistance and is preferred where seals or spacers must maintain preload over time.
• Blīvējums: For low-pressure, conformable seals PTFE is excellent; for dynamically loaded seals requiring shape retention and high temperature strength, Palūrēt (often combined with elastomers or used as backup rings) or filled PEEK composites are preferred.

7. Apstrāde, izgatavošana, pievienošanās, sagatavošana virsmai

Palūrēt

• Apstrāde: iesmidzināšana, ekstrūzija, compression moulding, apstrāde (CNC). High melt temperature requires controlled processing (žāvēšana, high mold temps).
• Pievienošanās: PEEK can be welded (hot-plate, ultraskaņas) and adhesives bond after surface prep.
• Apdare: fairly easy to machine to tight tolerances; surface treatments can improve wear or friction.

Ptfe

• Apstrāde: PTFE is not melt-flowable in the sense of thermoplastics; it is processed by paste extrusion, ram extrusion, compression molding and subsequent sintering. Fine control required for porosity and densification.
• Pievienošanās & bonding: PTFE bonds poorly to adhesives unless chemically etched (Piem., Na/naphthalide etch) or plasma treated and primed. Mechanical fastening or overmolding are common.
• Izgatavošana: large components are often machined from extruded/sintered blocks or skived film. Coatings of PTFE are applied by spraying dispersions and baking.

Practical impact: If conventional high-volume thermoforming (iesmidzināšana) Nepieciešams, Palūrēt is more straightforward. Ptfe demands specialized processing equipment and sintering.

8. Maksāt, piegādes ķēde, regulatory & Ilgtspējības apsvērumi

• Maksāt: both are premium polymers. Palūrēt pakāpes (especially medical or filled grades) are typically more expensive per kg than standard PTFE, but cost depends on grade and volume.
  Total part cost must factor processing complexity — PTFE processing and sintering can be costly.
• Supply & Laiks: PEEK supply can be constrained (few manufacturers), while PTFE is widely produced by multiple suppliers globally.
• Regulatory & drošība: PEEK is used in medicīniskie implanti (biocompatible grades, ISO/USP considerations).
  PTFE is widely used in food contact and medical device components but PFAS environmental concerns (related to processing aids and life-cycle) have driven regulatory scrutiny;
  thermal decomposition of PTFE can generate toxic fumes — manufacturing and use must manage fume risk.
• Vide: PTFE and related fluoropolymers are persistent in the environment (PFAS family concerns).
  Recycling of both polymers is possible in certain streams, but both are more challenging to recycle than commodity plastics. PEEK is more readily reprocessed thermoplastically.

9. Application Comparison: PEEK pret PTFE

Gultņi, bushings and sliding components

• Demands: Zema berze, nodilums pretestība, Izmēra stabilitāte, long life under load.
• Palūrēt: preferred for load-bearing bearings (Piem., vilces mazgātāji, bearings in pumps/motors) when stiffness and low creep are required; ogleklis- or glass-filled PEEK offers improved modulus and lower wear. PEEK tolerates machining to tight tolerances.
• Ptfe: chosen for low-load sliding and conformable-lined bushings; bronze/PTFE composites provide improved load capacity vs virgin PTFE.
• Design tip: use PEEK where shaft support and minimal preload loss are critical; use PTFE (or PTFE-lined designs) where sliding friction must be minimized and the load is low.

Seals and gaskets

• Demands: sealing under compression, ķīmiska iedarbība, temperature cycling.
• Ptfe: excellent for static chemical seals, vārstu sēdekļi, blīves in aggressive media.
  Beware: PTFE cold-flows — design for compression set and consider backup rings or gasketing geometry minimizing sustained compressive strain.
• Palūrēt: used for backup rings, mechanical support rings, and high-pressure seal carriers where creep resistance is required.
• Practical rule: pair PTFE sealing faces with PEEK backup components to combine chemical inertness and dimensional stability.

Chemical process industry (oderējums, vārstu komponenti, diafragmas)

• Demands: nearly universal chemical resistance, thermal range, flange/valve geometry.
• Ptfe is the default for starplikas, cage coatings, vārstu sēdekļi; virgin or specialty filled PTFE grades depending on abrasion and pressure.
• Palūrēt can be used for structural parts within chemical plants if chemicals are compatible and mechanical loads are high (Piem., mountings, apvalki).
• Kvalifikācija: use immersion and tensile retention tests per expected service media and temperature.

Elektrības / Rf / microwave components

• Demands: low dielectric constant, low loss tangent, Izmēra stabilitāte.
• Ptfe priekšroka tiek dota dielectric substrates, coaxial spacers, RF insulators.
• Palūrēt is acceptable for insulating structural components where dielectric properties are secondary to mechanical needs.

Aerospace and high-temperature mechanical components

• Demands: svars, dimensional stability across temperature, šļūdes pretestība, flame/oxidation resistance.
• Palūrēt (including carbon-filled grades) tiek plaši izmantots strukturālās iekavas, bearing cages, savienotāju korpusi, and parts in engine accessory systems.
  PEEK’s combination of strength, low creep and thermal capability makes it appropriate for many aircraft interior and under-the-hood applications.
• Ptfe tiek izmantots low-friction liners and seals in aerospace fuel/feed lines where chemical inertness and friction are paramount but load is low.

Medical devices and implants

• Demands: bioloģiskā savietojamība, sterilization (autoklāvs / gamma), Noguruma pretestība.
• Palūrēt (medical grades) is established for implantable components (mugurkaula būri, orthopedic devices) owing to biocompatibility and modulus closer to bone.
• Ptfe (expanded PTFE, ePTFE) tiek izmantots vascular grafts, soft tissue patches and some implantable fabrics, but is less typical for load-bearing implants.
• Regulatory: select USP/ISO-compliant grades and maintain traceability.

Pārtika, cookware and consumer goods

• Demands: food contact safety, temperature excursions, cleaning cycles.
• Ptfe coatings are the dominant choice for non-stick surfaces; PTFE films or coatings are common. Palūrēt is used structurally where permitted and when higher stiffness/temperature resistance is required.
• Note on safety: PTFE coatings must be used within recommended thermal limits to avoid decomposition; PEEK offers good autoclave/oven stability.

Eļļas & gāze / downhole applications

• Demands: spiediens, temperatūra, kodīgi šķidrumi, nodilums.
• Palūrēt (piepildīts) bieži izmanto packer components, instrumentu daļas, centralizer elements where load and wear are relevant.
• Ptfe tiek izmantots starplikas, wetted seals, chemical barriers where corrosion resistance overrides mechanical demands.
• Design caution: downhole demands may exceed standard grades; evaluate high-temperature PEEK variants and specialty PTFE composites.

Pusvadītājs, laboratory and ultra-clean systems

• Demands: chemical purity, low outgassing, ion mobility, particle cleanliness.
• Ptfe is often selected for chemical transport liners, seals and valves due to chemical inertness and low extractables.
  Palūrēt tiek izmantots structural holders, connectors and insulators where mechanical stability is needed.
• Processing note: handle both polymers in clean environments; select low-ash, low-outgas grades.

10. Comparative Summary — PEEK vs PTFE

A compact, engineering-grade comparison that highlights the decision-critical differences between Palūrēt (polietereterketons) un Ptfe (politetrafluoretilēns).

Use this as a practical checklist when selecting materials for parts, roņi, oderējums, bearings or electrical components.

11. Conclusion — PEEK vs PTFE

PEEK and PTFE are both premium engineering polymers, but they solve different problems.

The correct choice depends first and foremost on the primary functional requirement of the part or system.

• Palūrēt is a high-performance structural thermoplastic: high strength and stiffness, low creep, excellent dimensional stability at elevated temperature, machinability and weldability.
  It is the preferred choice when mechanical integrity, long-term load retention and tight tolerances are required (Piem., strukturālās daļas, high-temperature bearings, medicīniskie implanti).
• Ptfe is the ultra-inert fluoropolymer: exceptional chemical resistance, the lowest practical coefficient of friction and excellent dielectric properties, but with low mechanical strength and marked cold-flow (rāpot).
  It is the material of choice for conformable seals, chemical liners, low-friction surfaces and RF/microwave dielectric applications.
• They are complementary, not interchangeable. Many robust engineering solutions combine both materials (Piem., PTFE sealing faces on PEEK backup rings, PTFE liners in PEEK housings, filled variants of each to tailor properties).

FAQ

Can PTFE be substituted by PEEK in seals?

Only when the seal requires structural stiffness and low creep — PEEK can work in some engineered seals but will have higher friction. For conformable, low-pressure seals PTFE is often superior.

Can PEEK and PTFE be bonded together?

Bonding PTFE to anything is difficult; special surface treatments and primers are needed. PEEK bonds to many adhesives after surface prep.

Which polymer is safer at very high temperatures?

Both decompose eventually. PEEK tolerates higher mechanical service temperature; PTFE can survive chemically at high T but can release toxic decomposition products if overheated — both require thermal management.