Nickel alloys: He Alanui Wallatelte

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Nickel alloys, i haku ʻia me ka nickel a me nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole, Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou no ko lākou pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a me nā mīkini hana.

Ua lilo kēia mau mea holomua i mea nui i nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi e like me ka aerospace, Ke kālepaʻana, mana pā'āʻu, a me kaʻenehanaʻenehana.

Mai ko lākou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka metallurgy ʻoihana mua a hiki i ka puka ʻana mai o nā ʻohana alloy paʻakikī,

E like me Inconel, Hailani, a me Monel, nickel alloys ua ulu mau no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi koi nui.

Kahi, ke manaʻo nei ka mākeke nickel alloy honua e ulu ma kahi CAGR o kahi kokoke 4.5% ma o 2030, alakaʻi ʻia e ke koi kiʻekiʻe no ka lōʻihi, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi.

Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i kahi mākaʻikaʻi piha o nā nickel alloys, ke kālailai ʻana i kā lākou haku mele ʻana, moloka, waiwai, Ke kaʻina hanaʻana, noi, a me nā innovations e kū'ē nei.

2. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o nā huila nikela

ʻO nā nickel alloys he ʻohana maʻalahi a koʻikoʻi o nā mea i hoʻololi i ka ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe i ka makahiki i hala..

Hōʻike ʻia e kā lākou haku mele ʻana o ka nickel, ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau mai 30% e luna 95%,

Hoʻonui houʻia kēia mau'āpana e ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea e like me ka chromium, Mybridelu, 'Eron, keleawe, Titanium, a me ka aluminum.

ʻO nā hui kūikawā a me nā ʻāpana o kēia mau mea e wehewehe i ke ʻano a me ka hana o ka alloy, ka hoʻolikelike ʻana no nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi kahi e hāʻule ai nā metala maʻamau.

3. Kalepa me nā micsopy a me nā micsostructure

Nā mea nui loa

Hoʻokumu ʻo Nickel i ka iwi kuamoʻo o kēia mau ʻāpana, akā ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kona mau waiwai e nā mea i koho pono ʻia:

Mua	Hana
Nickel (I)	ʻO ke kumu kumu e hāʻawi ana i ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ka ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe
Chromium (Cr)	Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation a hana i nā papa pale passive
Mybrideum (Mo)	Hoʻonui i ke kū'ēʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana a me ka crevice corrosione
'Eron (Lia)	Hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai a hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻonui wela
Titanium (No), Aluminum (AL)	Pono no ka paʻakikī o ka ua
'Lelo'Slelo (CO)	Hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation

Microstructure a me Phase Control

Hōʻike ka hapa nui o nā nickel alloys i kahi austenitic matrix, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ductility maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa wela.

I nā ʻano ua hiki ke paʻakikī, nā mea i hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻia (E.g., gamma prime γ') hoʻonui i ka ikaika me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela a me ka paʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o ka palaoa, E hōʻemi i nā hemahema, a hoʻonui i ka hana mechanical.

ʻo kahi laʻana, Actoel 718 loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻāpana γ" a me γ' i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana.

4. Nā Māhele Maʻamau o nā Alloy Nickel

ʻAʻole hoʻokahi ka nui o nā huila nikela. I loko o ka hoʻohālikelike ākea, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā māka kikoʻī e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hana koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia papa alloy e kāna hui kūʻokoʻa o nā mea hoʻohui, Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a kūpono no nā wahi lawelawe kūikawā.

I kēia'āpana, ʻimi mākou i nā māka nickel alloy i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou haku mele, nā mea nui, a me nā palapala noi.

Actoel® Nā mo'ānō (ʻO nā mea hoʻohui i ka Nickel-Chromium)

ʻO ka ʻohana Inconel, hoʻomohala ʻia e Special Metals Corporation, ua like ia me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe-mehana a me ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ala i ka aerospace, Nleace, a me nā ʻoihana hana kemika.

Hailani® Nā mo'ānō (Nikela-Molybdenum/Chromium Alloys)

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā alloys Hastelloy e kū i nā kaiapuni kemika ʻoi loa, me ka hydrochloric, lupulakai, a me nā nitric acid.

Molol® Nā mo'ānō (Nikela-Copper Alloys)

He kūpono loa nā monel alloys no ka moana a me nā kaiaola ma muli o ko lākou kūʻē maikaʻi ʻana i ka wai kai a me nā media corrosive..

Nānā: Hoʻopaʻa nā monel alloys i ko lākou paʻakikī a me ka ductility i nā mahana sub-zero, hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no nā lawelawe cryogenic.

Nimonic® a me Incoloy® Alloys (ʻO nā hui nikela kiʻekiʻe)

ʻO kēia mau ikaika kiʻekiʻe, Hoʻohana ʻia nā superalloys i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nickel kiʻekiʻe i nā turbines kinoea a me nā reactors nuklea..

Nā Alloy Nickel e puka mai ana a kūikawā

I nā makahiki i hala, nickel-titanium (Niti) nā huila e like me Nitinol ua loaʻa ka kaulana no ko lākou ʻano hoʻomanaʻo a me nā waiwai superelastic, kūpono no nā stents lapaʻau a me nā mea hana.

Eia hou, Ke ʻimi ʻia nei nā ʻāpana nickel entropy kiʻekiʻe a me nā haku mele nanostructured no ka hana aerospace a me nā noi pale..

5. Na Mea Kino a Me Mechanical o na Alloys Nickel

Manaʻo nui ʻia nā nickel alloys no ko lākou hui pū ʻana o nā waiwai kino a me nā ʻano mechanical, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka hilinaʻi ma kekahi o nā wahi lawelawe koʻikoʻi loa.

Mai nā haʻawe wela kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i nā kemika, ʻO kēia mau alloys e hoʻomau i ka kūpaʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūlike o ka hana ma kahi e hāʻule pinepine ai nā mea maʻamau.

I kēia'āpana, ke ʻimi nei mākou i nā ʻano kino kino a me nā mechanical e hana ai i nā nickel alloys i mea nui i nā ʻoihana koʻikoʻi.

Ikaika a me ka paʻakikī

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā alloys Nickel e mālama i ka ikaika a hiki i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi loa. ʻo kahi laʻana:

• Actoel 718 haaheo a hua ikaika a hiki i 1034 Mpa (150 ksi) and ke hoʻokokoke mai nei ka ikaika tensile 1379 Mpa (200 ksi),
  kūpono ia no nā ʻāpana aerospace i ʻike ʻia i nā haʻahaʻa mechanical kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha wela.
• Molol 400, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka ikaika, hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa (~130–200 HB), i kūpono i nā kaiaola hoʻoponopono kai a me nā kemika.

Hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o nā nickel alloys ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me hoʻoikaika paʻa paʻa, Hoʻonui nui, Oole hana paʻakikī, ma muli o ke ʻano huila.

Kūlike a me ka paʻakikī

ʻOiai ko lākou ikaika, Mālama nā nickel alloys i ka ductility maikaʻi loa - kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi i nā kaiapuni hoʻouka ikaika. ʻo kahi laʻana:

• Elongation i ka wā hoʻomaha no nā mea hao e like me Inconel 625 ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ma waena 30-50%, ka ʻae ʻana i ka mea e hoʻololi i ka plastically me ka ʻole o ka pohā.
• Hoʻomau pū ʻia nā nickel alloys hopena paʻakikī i nā mahana cryogenic.
  ʻO kēia ka mea i kūpono iā lākou no nā noi like Waihona LNG and pahu pahu wahie, kahi pilikia nui ka embrittlement.

ʻO kēia kaulike kūʻokoʻa o ka ikaika a me ka ductility e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hāʻule koke ʻana ma lalo o ka ukana, ʻoi aku i nā noi palekana-koʻikoʻi.

Corrosion a me ka paleʻana

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā nickel alloys ko lākou kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion maʻamau a kūloko.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea e like me ka chromium, Mybridelu, a me ka tungsten e hoʻonui nui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion:

• Wikiwiki c-276 hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma nā kaiapuni i piha i ka chloride a me ka waikawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka lua a me ka crevice corrosion ma mua o nā kila kila.
• Actoel 625 hōʻike kūʻē kūʻē i oxidation a me ka carburization a hiki i ka wela o 980° C (1800° F).

Eia hou, kū'ē nā nickel alloys intergranur corrosior ma muli o ko lākou mau microstructure paʻa, ʻoiai ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka wiliwili a i ʻole ke kaʻa kaʻa wela lōʻihi.

ʻO ka hoʻokō a me ka hana a me keʻano kiʻekiʻe

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā nickel alloys i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela. Loaʻa nā waiwai wela nui:

• Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua: nā wahi mai 9 i 14 W / m · c · k, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka alloy.
  ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke keleawe a i ʻole alumini, ʻae ʻia kēia ma nā wahi wela wela kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka ikaika mechanical.
• Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka (Cte): ma waena 12–16 µm/m·°C, hāʻawi ʻana i ka deformation thermal i wānana ʻia, he mea nui i ka hoʻolālā hui a me ka hoʻolālā hoʻomanawanui dimensional.
• Pale pale: Nui nā nickel alloys, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māka Nimonic a me Inconel, hōʻike i ka ikaika creep koʻikoʻi.
  ʻo kahi laʻana, Nimonic 90 mālama i ka pono o ka hale ma nā mahana ma mua o 1000°C, kūpono ia no nā lau turbine a me nā ʻōnaehana puhi.

Ka luhi a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu

Hōʻike pū ʻia nā alloys nikela i ka ikaika luhi, He mea koʻikoʻi ia i nā kūlana hoʻouka cyclic:

• Kaʻa Kaʻamae hiki ke keu 10⁶ nā kupu ma lalo o ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa no Inconel 718, ʻoi aku ke kiʻi ʻia a i ʻole ka mālama ʻia ʻana ma luna.
• Ke kū'ē nei nō hoʻi nā mea hao ʻāhuehue a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i koho kaulana no nā noho valve, Nā mea paʻa, a me ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻili i ʻike ʻia i ka neʻe hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hoʻohālikelike o nā waiwai hui nikeli nui

6. Nā ʻenehana hana a me ka hana ʻana o nā huila nikela

I kēia'āpana, ke nānā nei mākou i nā hana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻolei ʻana, Kākau, machining, Welding, ʻO ka hana wela, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā nickel alloys.

Ke hōʻike nei i nā hana maikaʻi loa, mea paʻakikī, a me nā hana ʻenehana.

Ka hoʻoleiʻana a me ka hoʻopoina

Kauhi and Kākau ʻO nā ʻenehana hana mua no nā nickel alloys, hāʻawi kēlā me kēia i nā pono kūʻokoʻa ma muli o ka noi hope.

• Hoʻolei kālā: Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana no ka hana ʻana i nā geometries paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā ʻoihana aerospace a me nā hana mana.
  ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka vacuum induction (Vim) Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana e hōʻemi i ka haumia a me ka oxidation.
  ʻO ka hoʻolei kālā ʻana o nā nickel alloys hiki ke hoʻokō i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻili, me nā hoʻomanawanui e like me ± 0.05 mm.
• Hoʻomaopopoʻo ACUCUM ARCE (ʻO kā mākou): Hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hana ʻana i nā ingots maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, Kōkua ʻo VAR e hoʻopau i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a hōʻoia i kahi microstructure homogeneous.
• Kākau: Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā nickel alloys i nā wela kiʻekiʻe (950-1200 ° C), ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ko lākou ikaika mechanical ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hana palaoa.
  Nā ʻāpana nickel alloy forged, e like me nā disc turbine a i ʻole nā ​​moku kaomi, hōʻike i ka luhi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa creep i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻāpana hoʻolei.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻoʻana

He mea paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻana i ka mīkini ma muli o ka nui o ka paʻakikī o ka hana, low thermal cenmal, a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka ikaika ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.

• Hoao: Pono nā mea hana karbide a me ka ʻoki keramika. He mea hopohopo nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana — hiki i nā nickel alloys ke hōʻino i ka mea hana a hiki i ʻekolu manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kila kila ma lalo o nā kūlana like..
• ʻOkiʻoki i nā'āpana: Nā māmā māmā (15-60 m / me), nā uku momona momona, a hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wela a mālama i ke ola mea hana.

ʻO ka ulana a hui pū

Hōʻike nā nickel alloys i ka weldability maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻonā paʻa paʻa e like me Inconel 600.
Akā naʻe,, nā pilikia e like me ka pohā wela, Potiwale, a pono e mālama pono i ka hoʻololi pae.

• Nā ʻenehana wiliwili makemake ʻia:

• • Gtaw (Tig welding): Hāʻawi i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana.
  • Kāmaʻa kikomua (Ke welinging): He kūpono no nā welded nui.
  • Laser beam welding: Hoʻohana ʻia no ka precision kiʻekiʻe, nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

• Nā Hihi Kōlea: Pono ke koho ʻana i nā kemika metala kumu e pale aku ai i ka ʻino galvanic a me ka like ʻole o ka metala. ʻo kahi laʻana, Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Hastelloy C-22 filler no nā alloys kiʻekiʻe-Mo.
• ʻO ka hana wela wela (Pwht): Pono pinepine ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻonā hoʻonā e hoʻihoʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ka hoʻohālikelike mechanical.

Nā ʻenehana lapaʻau wela

ʻO ka hana wela he mea nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

• Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu: Hana ʻia ma 1000–1200°C, hoʻoheheʻe kēia i nā precipitates a homogenize i ka microstructure. Pono ke kinai wikiwiki no ka mālama ʻana i ka māhele māhele i makemake ʻia.
• Ka elemakule/ka ua paakiki: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hao e like me Inconel 718 aiʻole Waspaloy, ʻO ka ʻelemakule ma 650–760°C e paipai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka gamma prime (C ') a me ka gamma kaulua prime (C ") pio, hoʻonui nui i ka tensile a me ka ikaika kolo.
• Ke kaumaha nei ke kaumaha: Kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke koena o ke koʻikoʻi ma hope o ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka welding, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino a i ʻole ka haki ʻana i ka wā lawelawe.

Hoʻopau ʻili a me ka uhi ʻana

Pōmaikaʻi nā ʻāpana nikela mai nā kaʻina hana hoʻopau ili e hoʻonui ai i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, helehelena, a me ka maʻemaʻe.

• Uilaiauliwi: Wehe i ka lepo lepo a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi, e hoemi ana i ka poino o ka lua, waiwai nui i nā kaiapuni hoʻoili kemika.
• Hoʻolauna: Hoʻokumu i kahi papa ʻokikene paʻa ma ka ʻili, hoʻohana maʻamau i ka waikawa nitric a i ʻole citric acid, e hoʻonui ai i ke kū'ē i nā kaiapuni oxidizing.
• Hui pūpū holomua:

• • Nā Palapala Kūʻai'ormal: Hāʻawi i ka pale wela a i ʻole ke komo ʻana i ke kūpaʻa i nā turbines a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau.
  • PVD/CVD nā uhi: E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a hoʻemi i ka ʻaʻahu i nā noi kiʻekiʻe-friction.

Kaʻina hana maikaʻi a me ka mana kūpono

E hōʻoia i ka hana mau, hilinaʻi nā mea hana i ka simulation kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele:

• ʻO ka hoʻohālike kumu kūʻai (Fem): Hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻoluʻolu wela a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka forging, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka hana piha piha.
• ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole (Ndt): Nā ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic, eddy current inspection, a he mea nui ka lekiō X-ray no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema o loko i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi.
• Mea Hana Hana Kikohoʻe: ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea ʻike IoT a me nā manaʻo kaʻina hana manawa maoli e hiki ai ke hoʻomalu maikaʻi, e ho'ēmi ana i ka uku o ka 'ōpala a me ka hana hou 'ana a hiki i 30%.

7. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā huila nikela

He mea nui ka nickel alloys ma nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou i kekahi o nā noi koi nui.

Aerospace

I AerERPPACE, He mea koʻikoʻi nā nickel alloys no nā ʻāpana e kū pono i nā mahana wela a me nā koʻikoʻi mechanical:

• ʻO nā lāʻau Turbine a me nā Vanes: Nā mea e like me Inconel 718 Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo Hastelloy X ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke mālama i ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mahana ma mua o 700 ° C. (1,292° F).
  He mea kūpono kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini jet.
• Na'Āpana Engine: Nā ʻāpana e like me nā keʻena puhi, nā pahu hoʻopau, a me afterburners pomaikai mai nickel alloys 'kiʻekiʻe-mehana ikaika a me oxidation kū'ē.
• Nā'āpana hoʻonohonoho: ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka ikaika a me nā hiʻohiʻona māmā e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia nā nickel alloys i nā mea hana koʻikoʻi, hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka palekana o ka mokulele.

Ke kālepaʻana a me nā petrochemical

Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka ʻoihana hana kemika i nā nickel alloys no ko lākou kūpaʻa kūʻokoʻa i nā kaiapuni corrosive.:

• Na Moku Reactor a me nā mea hoʻololi wela: ʻO nā mea hoʻohui nikel e like me Hastelloy C-276 a me Monel ke hāʻawi aku i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i nā waikawa, Alkaliis, a me nā mea kanu likeʻole, e kūpono ana iā lākou no nā reactors e lawelawe ana i ka media corrosive loa.
• Piʻi nā'ōnaehana: ʻO ka paipu pale ʻana i ka corrosion i hana ʻia mai nā nickel alloys e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama i nā mea kanu e hana ana i nā kemika a i ʻole nā ​​​​petrochemical..
• ʻO nā kiwi a me nā Pum: Hāʻawi nā ʻāpana nickel alloy i ka hana hilinaʻi i nā ʻōnaehana i ʻike ʻia i nā kūlana paʻakikī, hōʻoia i ka liʻiliʻi downtime a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe.

Airine and on onfshore

No ka Marine a me nā noi waho, ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino ʻana o nā nickel alloys he mea waiwai nui i ka wai paʻakai:

• Na Hale Pum a me na Kipu: ʻO nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā nickel alloys e like me Monel e pale i ka ʻinoʻino o ke kai,
  ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hopena paʻa no nā pamu a me nā kiwi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu desalination a me nā rigs aila waho.
• Kākoʻo i keʻano: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nickel alloys i nā kākoʻo hoʻolālā e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a hoʻonui i ke ola hana o nā moku moana a me nā kahua o waho..
• Nā mea hana ma lalo: Loaʻa nā mea hana submersible mai ka hiki i nā nickel alloys ke kū i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i ka wai kai me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino nui ʻana..

Mana pā'āʻu

Hāʻawi nui nā nickel alloys i ka hana mana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā turbines kinoea a me nā reactors nuklea:

• Nā wahi hau: Nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe e like me Inconel 617 a me Nimonic 105 hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana turbine kinoea, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ikehu ma lalo o nā wela a me nā pilikia.
• ʻO nā paila a me nā mea hana mahu hoʻōla wela (HRSG): E hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka hana pono ʻana o nā nickel alloys i loko o nā boilers a me nā ʻōnaehana HRSG ma ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻonā wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka deformation creep..
• Nukelea Reactors: Hoʻohana ʻia nā superalloys i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nickel kūikawā i nā ʻāpana reactor nuklea,
  kahi e hoʻomanawanui ai lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i ka radiation a me nā wela kiʻekiʻe i nā manawa lōʻihi.

Nā noi'ē aʻe'ē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻāpana nui, ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā nickel alloys i nā noi ʻē aʻe:

• Kaʻa kaʻa Nā'ōnaehana exhaust: Hoʻonui ka Nickel alloys i ka lōʻihi o nā ʻōnaehana exhaust ma ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino mai nā kinoea wela a me nā condensates waikawa..
• Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele: Ma muli o ko lākou biocompatibility a me ke kū'ē i nā kaʻina hana sterilization, Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana nickel i nā mea hana a me nā implants.
• 'Āina Hoʻohana: Mai nā mea uila i nā mea kūʻai aku, koho ʻia nā ʻāpana nickel no kā lākou hui kūʻokoʻa o nā waiwai, hāʻawi i nā mea hana maʻalahi a me ka hilinaʻi.

8. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā Nickel Alloys

ʻO Nickel alloys kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui i ka ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kā lākou hui kūʻokoʻa o ka mechanical, Kekau, a me nā kumulāʻau.

ʻO kā lākou versatility a me ka hilinaʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e lilo lākou i mea nui ma nā ʻāpana like aerospace, Ke kālepaʻana, mana pā'āʻu, a me kaʻenehanaʻenehana.

I kēia'āpana, ʻimi mākou i nā pono nui o nā nickel alloys, kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻikepili ʻenehana a me ka pili pono.

Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrosiotion

ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o nā nickel alloys ko lākou kūʻē kūʻokoʻa i ka corrosion, oi loa aku ma ka oolea, nā kaiapuni ʻino.

• Hana ma Harsh Media: Nā huila nikela-chromium-molybdenum (E.g., Wikiwiki c-276) hāʻawi kūʻē kūʻē i nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, AOAO.
  Hoʻolilo kēia iā lākou i mea koho no nā reactors kemika, nā hanana lole, a me nā mea hana ʻakika.
• Pitting and crevice resistice: Hāʻawi ka ʻike molybdenum kiʻekiʻe i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion kūloko, ʻoiai i loko o nā kūlana waiwai chloride.
• ʻO ka pale oxidation: Alloys e like me Inconel 625 e mālama i ko lākou kūlana paʻa i nā mahana ma mua o 1000 ° C, ʻoiai i loko o nā ea oxidizing.

📌 Hoʻoloholo: Ma nā kūlana kai hoʻohālike (Astm G48), Actoel 625 ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka lua ma hope 72 Nā hola hola, ʻoiai ke hoʻomaka nei nā māka kila kila e ʻino i loko 24 Nā hola hola.

ʻO ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana nickel i ko lākou ikaika mechanical a me ka paʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mahana e hiki ai i ka hapa nui o nā metala ʻē aʻe e palupalu a i ʻole ke ʻano..

• Kuʻi a me ka luhi luhi: Alloys e like me Nimonic 90 a me ka inconel 718 ua hana ʻia e hana ma lalo o ka hoʻouka cyclic a me nā wela kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻenekini turbine a me nā mea hoʻololi wela.
• Phase ikaika: Ka hookumu ana o ka gamma prime (C ') a me ka gamma kaulua prime (C ") hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika i ka wā e pale ana i ka nāwaliwali o ka palena palaoa..

📌 Nāʻikepiliʻikepili: Actoel 718 mālama i ka ikaika tensile o luna 1000 MPa a me 650°C, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hana ʻana o nā kila kuhili maʻamau ma lalo o nā kūlana like.

Ka ikaika ikaika a me ka nui

Hāʻawi ka Nickel alloys i kahi hui kaulike o ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, kumaikalua, a me ka paʻakikī, E hana ana iā lākou i kūpono no nā noi kiʻekiʻe.

• Ka Haawe Kiekie: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai nā ʻāpana nickel forged i nā ʻāpana hana o nā mokulele a me nā turbines kinoea.
• Hopena kū'ē: ʻO nā huila nickel-copper e like me Monel 400 hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai ma nā mahana sub-zero, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no nā lawelawe cryogenic a me ka mālama LNG.

📌 Ana Waiwai:

• ʻO ka ikaika tensile o Inconel 625: ~ 827 mPA
• Ka ikaika: ~ 414 mp
• Ewangantion: >30%

Hiki ke hoʻololi a me ka hiki ke hoʻolālā

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻāpana nikela no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi kikoʻī ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea kemika a me nā ʻenehana hana.

• Hoʻohui Kuʻuna: ʻO ka hoʻohui o nā mea e like me ka titanium, 'lelo'Slelo, a i ʻole tungsten hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical a me kemika.
• Hoʻohālikelike me nā kaʻina hana kiʻekiʻe: Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā mea hoʻohui nikel i nā ʻano hana hana hou, me ka hana hoʻohui (AmU), ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela (Hip), a me ka hoolei pololei ana.

ʻO ke ola ola e pono ai

ʻOiai hele mai nā nickel alloys i kahi kumu kūʻai kumu kūʻai, ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi a me ka hana e alakaʻi pinepine i nā kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa i ka wā o ke ola o kahi mea.

• Hoʻemiʻia ka downtime: ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka corrosion a me ka oxidation e hōʻemi i ka pinepine o ka mālama ʻana a me nā pani.
• ʻO ka ola lawelawe: I loko o nā kaiapuni ʻino, Hiki i nā nickel alloys ke lōʻihi 5-10 mau manawa ma mua o nā kila kila a i ʻole nā ​​kila kalapona.
• Mea kūponoʻole: Ma muli o ko lākou ʻoi aku ka ikaika-a-kaumaha ratio, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana lahilahi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokau ʻana i ka pono mechanical, ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ka waiwai a me ke kaumaha.

Hana ʻia ka Magnetic a Thermal Expansion Behavior

ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mea hao a me ka nickel e hiki ai ke hoʻomalu pono i ka hoʻonui wela a i ʻole ka permeability magnetic, mea nui i nā mea uila a me nā mea hana aerospace.

9. Nā Luʻi a me nā palena o nā huila nikela

ʻOiai ua manaʻo nui ʻia nā nickel alloys no ko lākou mau waiwai, ʻAʻole lākou me nā pilikia a me nā palena.

Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau drawbacks mai ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, such as high strength, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ke kūpaʻa, hiki ke paʻakikī i ka hana, huahuai, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.

Ma lalo, ʻimi mākou i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā nickel alloys a pehea ka hopena o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana like ʻole.

Nā Koina Hoʻoponopono Kiʻekiʻe

ʻO kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o nā nickel alloys ʻo kā lākou mea kiʻekiʻe a me nā koina hana.. ʻO kēia mau kumu kūʻai mai kekahi mau kumu:

• Na lilo waiwai: ʻO Nickel ponoʻī he metala pipiʻi, a me nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka molybdenum, Chromium, a hoʻonui hou aku ka cobalt i nā kumukūʻai.
• Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana Paʻakikī: ʻO nā ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe e koi i nā lako a me ka ʻike loea, hoʻohui i nā lilo hana.
• Ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka nui: ʻO nā wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke koi ʻana i nā kūlana kaʻina hana o nā nickel alloys ka hopena i nā koi ikehu kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nā pilikia match

He mea paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻana i ka mīkini ma muli o ko lākou ʻano paʻakikī a paʻakikī i ka hana:

• Hāmeʻa lole: ʻO ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻohana wikiwiki i ka mea hana i ka wā o ka mīkini.
  Hoʻohaʻahaʻa pinepine nā mea hana carbide maʻamau, pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ceramic a i ʻole cubic boron nitride (Cbn) Pākuʻi.
• Hana paʻakikī: I ka wā o ka Maki, ʻO nā nickel alloys e paʻakikī i ka ʻili, ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ikaika ʻoki a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā pā hope.
• ʻO ka wehe wela: ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia ka wela i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka mīkini e hoʻomau ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻoki ʻoki, alakaʻi i ka pōʻino wela inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia.

ʻO ka wiliwili a me ka mālama wela

ʻO ka welding nickel alloys he mau pilikia e pono e mālama pono ʻia e pale aku i nā hemahema:

• ʻO ka mana hoʻokomo wela: ʻO ka wela nui i ka wā wili hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa, huika ola, a hoemi i na waiwai mechanical.
  Pono ka mana pololei o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka wela no ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa o ka alloy.
• ʻO kaʻoluʻolu a me nā kūlana kaumaha: Ma muli o ko lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻonui hoʻonui a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe,
  Hiki i nā nickel alloys i ka distortion a me nā koena koʻikoʻi i ka wā wili, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana ʻāpana.
• ʻO ka hana wela wela: Pono ka nui o nā nickel alloys i ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld e hoʻomaha i nā kaumaha a hoʻihoʻi i nā waiwai, hoʻohui i kahi ʻanuʻu hou i ke kaʻina hana.

ʻano like ʻole i nā waiwai

Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana o nā nickel alloys ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka haku mele, moloka, a me ka ho'ākākaʻana i ka mōʻaukala:

• Nā Microstructure Kūlike ʻole: Hiki i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka hui ʻana i ka huila a i ʻole ka mālama wela ke alakaʻi i nā ʻokoʻa nui i nā waiwai mechanical, hana koʻikoʻi ka mana maikaʻi.
• Pilikino Kaiapuni: ʻOiai ʻo nā nickel alloys ke kūpaʻa maʻamau i ka corrosion,
  kūlana kaiapuni kūloko (E.g., nā kaiapuni waiwai nui o ka chloride a i ʻole nā ​​ea hoʻonanea wela kiʻekiʻe) hiki ke hana i nā pilikia
  e like me ka piting, ʻO ke kūleʻaʻana o ke kalaʻana, a i ʻole intergranular corrosion inā ʻaʻole i koho ʻia a hoʻoponopono pono ʻia ka huila.
• ʻO ka momona a me nāʻano hana: Ua holo ʻoi aʻe ka manawa, ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole ka lōʻihi ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe hiki ke alakaʻi i ka luhi a i ʻole ke kolo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka alloy no ka noi kikoʻī.

Noʻonoʻo i ke kaumaha a me ka paʻa

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā alloys nikel i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea like me ka alumini a i ʻole ka titanium, hiki ke lilo i palena i nā noi kaumaha:

• Nā noi noi yerpace: I nā ʻoihana kahi mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻēmi kaumaha, e like me Aerospace,
  ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā nickel alloys (ma kahi o 8.0–9.0 g/cm³) ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ko lākou mau pōmaikaʻi i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, alakaʻi i nā ʻenekini e koho i nā mea māmā e like me ka titanium a i ʻole nā ​​​​composites kiʻekiʻe.
• Kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kaʻa: Like me, i nā polokalamu kaʻa, ʻO ke kaumaha o nā nickel alloys hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka pono o ka wahie,
  ka palena ʻana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kahi e pono ai ko lākou mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa.

10. Hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike me nā kumuwaiwai'ē aʻe

Hāʻawi kēia loiloi hoʻohālikelike i kahi loiloi kikoʻī o nā nickel alloys e kūʻē i nā kila kila kiʻekiʻe, nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me nā superalloys ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻāpana hana koʻikoʻi.

kōkua i nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hoʻoholo e hana i nā koho ʻike ma muli o nā koi hana kikoʻī.

Pā'ālua compastration: ʻO Nickel Alloys vs. Nā mea hana ʻenekinia ʻē aʻe

Ki Hoku:

• ★☆☆☆☆ – ʻilihune
• ★★☆☆☆ – Pono
• ★ ★ ☆ ☆ ☆ - - Mino - Moho
• ★★★★☆ – Maikaʻi
• ★★★★ - - - - Fikesthick

11. Hopena

ʻO Nickel alloys kekahi o nā mea maʻalahi a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i ka ʻoihana hou.

ʻO kā lākou hui kūikawā o ka ikaika, kūlohelohe, a ʻo ke kūpaʻa o ka corrosion e hoʻonoho iā lākou ma ke ʻano he pōhaku kihi ma nā ʻāpana kahi palekana, ʻOiaʻiʻo, a ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkākūkā ʻia ka lōʻihi.

Ke hoʻomau nei nā koi ʻenehana, nā mea hou i ka hoʻolālā nickel alloy, ka hoʻoiliʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻomau i kēia mau mea i ke poʻo o ka holomua ʻoihana.

LangHe ʻO ia ke koho kūpono loa no kāu mau pono hana inā makemake ʻoe i nā huahana nickel alloy kiʻekiʻe.

Kāhea iā mākou i kēia lā!