Is nickel magnetic? – Nā meaʻike, Molenana, a me nāʻikeʻoihana

1. Hōʻikeʻike

E pili pinepineʻiaʻo Nickel me ka magnetism, akāʻo ka nīnau "ʻO Nickel Magnetic?" pono i kahi pane nunui.

I ka lumi lumi, ʻO Ferromagnetic maʻemaʻe, hui pū me ka hao a me ka condert e like me kekahi o nā metala maʻamau maʻamau e hiki ke hoʻopiliʻia a mālama i kāna mameka.

Akā naʻe,, ʻAʻole paʻa kēiaʻano hana-keka ao, ʻo Menu ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, Ka paipai, And Allole hiki ke pane i ka pane a ka nīlike.

ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO kaʻoi akuʻo ia ma mua o kona Mahana i ka mahana (~ 358 ° C / 676 ° F) hoʻololi i kahi kūlana paramagnetic, ʻOiai e hoʻonui ana me ke keleawe (E.g., Molol) hana i nā mea pono e like me nā meaʻole-magnetic.

ʻO kēia mau hoʻololi e hana iā Nickel i nā meaʻepekema a me ka mea nui.

2. ʻO kaʻepekema o ka Magnetis o Nickel

ʻO ka hana magnetic o Nickel i hoʻokumu mai kona ʻO ka hoʻolālā atomic.

ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o Nickel [ARHERE AR] 3d⁸ 4i², ʻo iaʻo ia ʻelua mau mea hoʻohanaʻoleʻia i loko o kona 3d orbital. ʻO kēia mau mea hoʻohanaʻole i loaʻaʻole i ka ʻO ka manawa magnetic.

I ka wā e hoʻopili ai nā nickel atom, 'ōlelo ke hoʻololiʻana ke kumu o nā mea e pili ana i nā mea uila e hoʻopili ai i keʻano like, e alakaʻi ana merromagnetism.

Ua kāheaʻia kēia mau'āina hana NA LAKANA OLELO, e hui pū ana e hana i ka magnetiss i keʻano ma ka pae nui.

3. Nā waiwai magnetic o ka nickel payl

ʻO Nickel maʻemaʻe ferromagnetic i ka mahana o ka lumi, me kahi manawa magnetic o ka 0.6 Bouh Magneons i kēlā me kēia atom (μB). ʻO ka ikaika o kāna magnetism e hilinaʻi ana i ka mahana:

• Ma lalo o keʻano cuie (Tc ~ 358 ° C / 676 ° F / 631 K): Mālamaʻo Nickel i nā ferromagneis maoli, me nā kikowaenaʻokoʻa.
• Ma luna o ka mahana: Nickel PamagneticE loaʻa nā manawa nui o nā atoms, akā, hoʻowahāwahā ka huhū thermal i nā kauoha lōʻihi.

He koʻikoʻi kēia transition no nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā trubines a iʻole nā mea kanu, kahi e lilo ai nā keiki nikel.

4. ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka Magnetis o Nickel

ʻO ka nickel maʻemaʻe ka ferromagnetic i ka mahana o ka lumi, Akāʻaʻole i hoʻoponoponoʻia kona magnetism.

Elua ʻO ka maʻemaʻe and nā kūlana o waho-ʻO ka mahana, Ka paipai, a me ke alloy-hiki-hiki ke hoʻonui nui, Weʻili, a hoʻopau paha i nā waiwai magnetic.

ʻO Menu ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Nā mea haumia e like me nā modinetic modinetic

ʻO Ultra-High-Prily nickel (≥99.99%) hōʻike i ka mea ikaika loa i ka ferromagneis, me kahi hana saturation magnesization o ~ 0.615 tesla (T).

He ʻokoʻa, Kāleka Nickel (99.0-99.5%) hana maʻamau i ~ 0.58 t, nui ma muli o nā haumia.

ʻO nā meaʻokoʻa likeʻole e like me nā modinetic modinetic:

Keka ao

ʻO ka Ferpomagneis o Nickel. Malalo iho o kona Mahana i ka mahana (~ 358 ° C / 676 ° F / 631 K), Mālamaʻo Nickel i ka lōʻihi o ka paepae lōʻihi.

I ka wā i hāpaiʻia ma mua o kēia paepae, lilo ia Pamagnetic, ʻO keʻano he mea palupalu i makemakeʻia i nā kahua magnetic o waho akāʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i ka nui.

Ke hoʻoikaika a me keʻano o ka crystal

Ma lalo o nā koina kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā loli hoʻonohonoho (E.g., Nā kiʻi kiʻi likeʻole, nansttorreas), ʻO ka spacing ma waena o nā loli o Nickel.

E hoʻololi kēia i nā ke hoʻololiʻana e kū ana i ka ferromagneis.

Hōʻike ka noiʻi i nā mea ikaika loa (>30 GPA) hiki ke ho'ōla a hoʻololi i ka kauoha magnetic o Nickel, Ke hana nei i kēia mea e pili ana i loko geopysics a me nāʻepekema kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

AliLila: Tailoring magneticʻano

ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana o kaʻoihanaʻoihana o Nickel, ʻo ka tunes magnetism ma waena o ka papa piha piha-mai ka ferromagnetic ikaika loa.

5. Ke ana ana i na waiwai o Nickel

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūpono o ka magnetis o Nickel ka mea nui loa no ka pono o ka waiwai, honua mālamalama, a me ka noiʻi holomuaʻana.

ʻO nā meaʻenehana a me nāʻepekema e hilinaʻi nui i nāʻenehana i hoʻopaʻaʻia e helu ai i ka hana magnetic a hōʻoia i ka kūpono no nā noi kiko'ī.

Hoʻololi i ka hōʻikeʻana i ka magnetometer (VsM, Astm A894)

ʻO Vesm ka ala Benchmark no ke anaʻana i nā waiwai nui o Nickel, kūikawā no nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi (5-50 mg).
ʻO ka hanaʻana i kaʻenehana i kahi hoʻohālike i kahi kahua ma ke kahua magnetic, aʻo ka voltage induced ka manaʻo i ka manawa marnetic. Hāʻawiʻo Vsm i nā'āpana heʻekolu:

• Kāleʻa hoʻomau (Msia): ʻO ka pane magnetic kiʻekiʻe (~ 0.615 t no ka nicicl mickel).
• Cecerl (Hc): Pono ka ikaika o ka mahina e mālama i ka hoʻohālike (~ 0.005 iāʻoe no Nickel maʻemaʻe, E hōʻoia ana i kāna "ʻano maikaʻi").
• Renanance (Br): ʻO ke kikowaena noho ma hope o ka weheʻana i ke kula (~ 0.3 t no Nicicel).

Ka kiko o ka hysteesis

Nā pihi HYSSTERESIS (Nā Wā B-H) Ke hōʻike nei pehea pehea e pane aiʻo Nickel i ka hoʻololiʻana i nā mahina magnetic.

Hōʻikeʻiaʻo Nickel ma kahi paʻa, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka uku haʻahaʻa a me ka remascent-kūpono no nā noi e koi ana i nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā demagnethiz (E.g., nā hoʻololiʻana, nā poʻe hoʻopaʻapaʻa).

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻO Nickel-e pili ana i nā alloys mau magnet e like me Alikanan Hōʻike i nā'āpana nui, Ke hoʻomau nei i ka hana ikaika ikaika me kaʻole o kahi kula waho.

Ke nānāʻana i ka mana o Magnetic (Mpi, Astm e709)

ʻOiaiʻaʻole he ala hoʻonohonoho pololei, ʻO MPI Exppets Nickel's Ferromagnetism no ka hōʻikeʻoleʻole.

Ua hoʻopiliʻia kahi kahua magnetic i kahi'āpana nickel, a me nā'āpana hao hao nā'āpana. Hōʻiliʻili nā mea i nā discottinities kahi i loaʻa ai ka flux magnetic "leaks,"E hōʻike ana i nā'ōkuhi a iʻole nā hemahema.

Ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo MPP no nā mea palekana-palekana-koʻikoʻi e like me Turbine Blades a me Tignetic Handrator.

6. Ka pilina o kaʻoihana o ka magnetis o Nickel

ʻO ka hana a Nickelʻaʻoleʻo ia ka mea i hanaʻia he mea hana hana akā he waiwai me nā hopenaʻenehana.

Inā paha e hoʻohanaʻia a iʻole ka manaʻoʻoleʻia, ʻO kāna mau mana magnetississ i pehea e hoʻopiliʻia ai nā alkel a me kona mau alloys ma nāʻoihana koʻikoʻi.

Leveraging ferromagneis: Nā noi magnetic

ʻO ka microkal's Ferpomagnetissism-hōʻikeʻia e ka nui o keʻano magnetic kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-haʻahaʻa:

• Ke mālama neiʻo Magnetic: Ni-fo fellys he integral integral i ka mīkini paʻakikī i heluheluʻia / kākau i nā poʻo, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ka magnetalization i ka wikiwiki e hōʻike i kaʻikepili e hoʻopaʻaʻia a hoʻihoʻiʻia me ka nui kiʻekiʻe.
• Nā meaʻike magnetic: Ua hanaʻia nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Nickel,
  Ma hea nāʻano likeʻole i ka flux flux i unuhi i nā hōʻailona uila-koʻikoʻi no nā spellomet, nā roboticles, a o Autlelo pūnaewele.
• Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale magnetic: Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Nickel.
• Nā hoʻololi a me nā mea hana: Permalloy (78% I, 22% Lia) hoʻokō i nā waiwai o nā mea hana magnetic magnetic 100,000, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao maʻemaʻe, hiki i ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻO ka hui hoʻololi o ka ikehu maikaʻi loa.

Hōʻalo i ka magnetism: Nā noi noiʻole

I nāʻenehana he nui, ʻAʻoleʻo Magnesism ke waiwai akā he pilikia paʻakikī a iʻole nā pilikia palekana.

ʻO ka hiki ke hanaʻo Nickel e hana, ʻO nā alloys non-magnetic e hana i mea nui loa i loko o ia mau wahi:

• Aerospace: Actoel 625 a ua hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Handelloy C-276 i nā mīkini jet a me nā'ōnaehana hoʻokele, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka hana hanaʻole e hōʻoia i ka pololei a me nā'ōnaehana alakaʻi uila.
• Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele: Nā 'Rlelo Mr, ka mea e hana ai me nā mahina ma mua o 1.5-3 Tesla, koi pono i nā alkel nā alkelys e noho mau ana i nā non-magnetic ma lalo o nā mahina ikaika (E.g., ʻAʻole-cr alloys), e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka palekana o ka mea maʻi a me ka maʻi maʻi diagnostic.
• Mea uila: ʻO nā mea hana a Ni-CU a Alloys e ho'ēmi i ka hoʻemiʻana i ka hoʻopili magnetic, ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻanaʻo Anteranis, nā poʻe hoʻopaʻapaʻa, a me ka hana a me keʻano o ka radio-pinepine pinepineʻole me kaʻole o ka paleʻana a iʻole ka hilahila.

ʻO ke kaulikeʻana i ka magnetism me nā waiwai'ē aʻe

Pono kekahi mau māhele e pono ai i nā koi magnetic me nā koi o nā hana e like me ke kū'ēʻana i ke kū'ēʻana a me ka ikaika:

• Marine Pūnaehana Hōʻo: Molol 400 (≈65% loaʻa, 34% Cu) he palupalu palupalu, Ke kū nei i kahi hoʻohālikelike ma waena o ke kai o ke kai a me keʻano liʻiliʻi o nāʻano o nā moku moku.
• Ailaʻaila a me ke hau: ʻO Nickel-e pili ana i nā mea hou me nā magneism i mālamaʻia (E.g., 90% I, 10% Lia) hoʻohanaʻia ma lalo o nā mea hana,
  Ke hāʻawi nei i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion i nā wahi maikaʻi loa i nā wahi maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka magnetism no ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā mea nui.
• Nā'ōnaehanaʻoihana: Hāʻawiʻiaʻo Ni-Fo i nā alloys e hāʻawi i ka manilona Tailored ma keʻano he nui nā mea hou,
  ke kaulike nei i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (No ka paleʻana iā Neutron Flux Peturbation) me ka integrity integrity e pono ai ma lalo o ka radiation a me nā kūlana.

7. ʻO nā kuhi hewa maʻamau e pili ana i ka Magnetis o Nickel

Ua kuhi hewaʻiaʻo Nickel, alakaʻi e hoʻolālā i nā hewa, ke koho koho kūponoʻole, a iʻole nā mea i manaʻoʻia e pili ana i ka hana.

Ma lalo o nā kuhi hewa maʻamau i weheweheʻia me nā hōʻikeʻepekema:

Misconceception 1: "ʻO Nickel āpauʻo Nickel."

• No ke aha keʻano o ka myth: ʻO Nickel kekahi o nā mea heʻekolu o nā mea ferromagnetic maʻamau (ma ka hao hao a me ka celbat), No laila ua maʻamau pinepine ia e like me "mau magnetic."
• ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka nickel maʻemaʻe ka ferromagnetic i ka mahana o ka lumi, akā, alllonging me nā mea e like me ke keleawe, Chromium, a iʻole molybdenuum hiki ke mālama i ka ferromagneism.
  ʻo kahi laʻana, Actoel 625 (In-cr-i) he mea nuiʻole-magnetic, ʻOiaiʻo Monenel K-500 (Kāne makemake -) he mea palupalu wale nō.
• Pohō: Pono nāʻenehana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻana ma mua o ka manaʻo "nickel = Magnetic."

Misconceception 2: "ʻO Nickelʻo ia e like me ka hao hao."

• No ke aha keʻano o ka myth: ʻO Nickel a me ka hao i hui pūʻia i hui pūʻia ma nā kūkākūkāʻana i nā kūkākūkā Ferromagnetic.
• ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka hao he nui ka nui o ka wai (~ 2.15 t) ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nickel (~ 0.615 t)-ʻO nā manawa ikaikaʻekolu.
  He nāwaliwaliʻo Nickel, akā,ʻo ke kū'ē o kona mau pale corrosioni e hana ai i keʻano o nā koho i nā wahi i nā wahi i loaʻa koke ke hao (E.g., Maniki Pinses, nā lāʻau kanu lāʻau).
• Pohō: ʻAʻole kohoʻiaʻo Nickel no ka nui o ka magnetism, Akā no kona kaulike o ka magnetism a me ka durablility kaiāulu.

3: "ʻO nā kiʻi Nickel-Plated nā mea i paʻiʻia ma muli o keʻano o ka nickel."

• No ke aha keʻano o ka myth: Nui nā lā "magnetic" mau mea (Nā'āpana waiwai, Nā lako hana) uaʻikeʻia.
• ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO nā lole naniʻo Nickel (5-50 μm), mamao loa e hoʻopaʻa i ka hana magnetic. Aia ka magnetism e pili ana i ka substrate:

• • ʻO nā mea kilokiloʻo Nickel-Plal → ikaika magnetic (Ma muli o ke kumu kila).
  • ʻO Nickel-Plated Aluminum → Non-Magnetic (No ka meaʻaʻoleʻo Aluminim non-magnetic, a hoʻohuiʻia ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni o kaʻili uila).

• Pohō: Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Nickel Plating no ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana a me nā aesthetics, ʻAʻole no ka hana magnetic.

Misconceception 4: "Ua nalowaleʻo Nickel i ka magnetism i ka wai."

• No ke aha keʻano o ka myth: ʻO ka wai i nā magnents magnets ma luna o ka manawa ma muli o ka corrosion o nā mea i haoʻia, e alakaʻi ana i ka manaʻo kuhihewa i ka wai i ka wai i hiki ke hoʻopau pololei.
• ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka wai he diamagnetic (ua lanakilaʻia e nā mahina magnetic), Akā ke hōʻoleʻia kēia hopena. ʻO ka nickel maʻemaʻe e waiho i ka fermeagnetic ma lalo o ka wai.
  He aha ka mea e hōʻoia ai ka mea e pili ana iā Corrosion-Nickel i ka oxidation e hōʻoia iā ia e mālama hou i ka nui ma mua o ka haoʻoleʻia.
• Pohō: ʻO Nickel nā alloys he mea nui nā mea i loko o lalo, Kawaihae Pinizapation, a me nā mea koho babsea ma kahi e pono ai ka magnetism stable.

8. ʻO kaʻikepili wikiwiki: Nickel a me nā alloys maʻamau

9. Hopena

ʻO Nickel ka magnetic-akāʻaʻole mau ma keʻano like. ʻO ka nickel maʻemaʻe ka ferromagnetic i ka mahana o ka lumi, Akā ke kiʻekiʻe, palau, a me keʻano e hiki ke hoʻonui, Weʻili, a iʻole e hāʻawi i kāna magnetism.

ʻO kēia wikiwiki e hana iā Nickel kahi Superstar i kaʻoihana: mai ka magnetic palupalu i ka consformloy i nā hoʻololi i nā meaʻole-magnetic infonel ma aerospace, ʻO kāna hana magnetic e hoʻoikaikaʻia e kūpono i ka hana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka wā e nānā aiʻo-a no ke kumu-nickel ke kī e hoʻolālā i nā mea e hana ai ma lalo o nā kūlana maoli.

FaqS

He mickel maʻemaʻe?

A: No-mickel mae ʻO nā mea palupalu palupalu, ʻO keʻano he mea e hoʻonaninani maʻalahi i kahi kahua o waho akā ua nalowale ka nui o ka magnetis i ka wā e laweʻia ai ke kula (hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa).

E hana mau magnet mau, ʻO Nickel ka Alloyed me Cobalt, aluminum, a hao hao (E.g., Moana Ana Alexays), i loaʻa ai i kahi remange kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki i ka nickel ke demagnetzed?

A: ʻAe-ʻo ka maikaʻi o Nickel ma luna o kāna mahana (358° C) a iʻole e hōʻike ana iā ia i kahi kahua magnetic reversetic e demagnetize ia.

No nā noi kūpono (E.g., nā meaʻike magnetic), Hanaʻia ka Dammagnetization ma Via "DeGassing" (Ke noi nei i ka ho'ēmiʻana i kahi kahua hou).

ʻO nickel magnetic ma kahi ākea (ʻO ka hakahaka a iʻole ka gravity)?

A: ʻO YES-Magnetism kahi waiwai o ka waiwai, ʻaʻole ka gravity a iʻole ka lewa.

Mālamaʻo Nickel i kāna ferromagnetism i ka lewa, ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe loa (E.g., cryogongenic a iʻole nā kūlana o ka lā) e hoʻololi paha i kānaʻano (E.g., E hoʻonui i nā mahana o ka cryogicic, ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma luna o TC e hana i ka paramagnetic).

No ke ahaʻo Nickel i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā leka uila magnetic?

A: ʻO Nickel-Irl Alloys he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o keʻano magnetic kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hana ana iā lākou no ka heluhelu / kākau i nā poʻo i nā HDDs.

Hiki iā lākou keʻike i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona liʻiliʻi mai ka disk a hoʻopuka i nā hōʻailona pololei e kākau i kaʻikepili-koʻikoʻi no ka mālama kiʻekiʻe.

He mea e pili ana nā alkel i kāna magnetism?

A: No-Nickel Allergies i hoʻokumuʻia e NIKELL ions (Meaʻai) ka haʻaleleʻana mai ka mea metala a me ka hoʻowahāwahāʻana i kahi pane immune, ʻaʻole e nā mea nui magnetic.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā Nicnetic Nignetic Nokys (E.g., Actoel 625) hiki ke hoʻopauʻia nā allergies inā e hoʻokuʻuʻia nā mea nickel.