1. Hōʻikeʻike
Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou i nā metala ","ʻO ka hapanui o nā meaʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula o ka hao hao o ka wai o ka mika mai nā wahi kila.
Akā naʻe,, 'ōwili e pili ana i ka corrosation o ka hao hao a me kona mau alloys. He ʻokoʻa, Kuupuiawi e hoʻopuni ana i kahi pālahalaha nui o nā mea kanu a me nā hopena electrochemical e hōʻole i ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka noʻonoʻo o Titinium e hōʻoia i ka mea nui i nā'āpana AerERPPACE (nā mea pāʻani mokulele) and NA KEKI ANA (hip) i Marine (nā moku uila wela) and Ke kālepaʻana (reactor internals).
I kēia mau mea koi, ʻO Titanium pinepine i nā mea hou aku, aka, ʻO Titnium "Rust"?
Hōʻike kēiaʻatikala i nā papa o ka corrosim, hoʻohālikelike i kāna hana e kū'ē i nā hana'ē aʻe, a wehewehe i nā kuhi hewa maʻamau.
2. ʻO ke kālā o nā corrosioni a me ka "rust"
Ma mua o ka nānāʻana i ka hana o Titanium, Kōkua ia e wehewehe i ka mea a mākou e manaʻo ai Kuupuiawi kūwaho 'ōwili.
E hoʻopuni ana i nā corrosionassises i kekahi mea kanu a iʻole ka hopena electrochemical e hōʻole i kahi mea hao,
kahi e pili pono ai i nā meaʻulaʻula i kaʻulaʻula ʻO nā Olbide kala (Lihuailona m «i-· Nho) ʻO kēlā mau hana i ka wā o ka hao a iʻole keʻano o kaʻaihue me ka wai a me ka oxygen.
Hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā'ōpala a me nā'opa'ē aʻe
- 'Ōwili (ʻO nā Olbide kala): Hana pena, flaky mau mea e lele ai, ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā metala hou e hoʻouka hou ai.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai maʻamau o Corrosion no nā kila i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā wahi kahakai 0.1 mm / yr. - ʻAʻole nā'āpana hao: Metals e like me alumini, Chromium, a me ka titenium e kūkulu ai huakai, haohao Nā kiʻi kiʻi (E.g., Al₂o₃, Cr₂o₃, Tiio).
ʻO kēia mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻolōʻihi i ka corrosion i nā kumukūʻai pinepine ma lalo 0.01 mm / yr.
Nā mea maʻamau maʻamau
ʻAʻole hanaʻo Corrosionion. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻIke nā meaʻenehana i kekahi mau mea hanaʻole:
- Nā Kūlana Kūʻai:
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- E hele pū ana ma waena o ka papa.
- Wānana, me ka nalowale ana 0.01-0.1 mm / yr I nā'ōhua māmā.
- Pihaʻana:
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- ʻO nā lua a iʻole nā "pits."
- E hoʻokeleʻia e nā meaʻala (E.g., Cl⁻); oia aku ppm Hiki i nā pae o nā klordes ke hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka lua i ka hoʻomakaʻana o nā mea kanu.
- Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni:
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- Hana i nā wahi i paleʻia ma kahi o nā wahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā'ōnaehana stagnant.
- Pinepine 10-100 × wikiwiki wikiwiki ma mua o nā cortionetion likeʻole.
- Kahiki Galvaniko:
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- Kū i ka wā e hoʻopili ai nā metala ustimilar metala ma kahi electrolyte.
- Ka mea hao hou ('Auleʻa) corrodes i mua; hiki i nā mea hana i kēia manawa ke hiki aku 1000 μa / cm² I nā makahiki.
- ʻO ka hakakāʻana o ke kaumaha (SCC):
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- E hoʻohui i ka style koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka madium e hana i ka maikaʻiʻole.
- Maʻamau i nā mea hoʻokūkū maikaʻiʻole i nā wahi chloride, ka pohōʻana i nā kumukūʻai o 0.1-1 mm / makahiki ma lalo o ka hoʻoukaʻana.
3. ʻO Titanium o ka papa hana o Titanium
ʻO Titanium e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ma ke kūkuluʻana i kahi pale thixide dioxide (Tiio) Pipai Pūnaewele, maki 2-10 nm kūlohelohe.
Ua ikaika ikaika kēia papa hana passive, Ke kāohi nei i kaʻaelike hou. Eia hou, ʻO Tio₂ pilikino i loko o nā kekona inā he kiʻiʻia, hoʻolakoʻia nā nohona oxygegen.
Thermodynamically, Noho paʻa nā tiio -200 ° C a i 600 ° C, hāʻawi i ke kū'ēʻana i ka comanium i keʻano o ka hapa nui o nā lawelawe lawelawe.
E hoʻokaʻawale houʻo Alloying i kēia pale.
ʻo kahi laʻana, Ti-6al-4v (ke hana aerospace) piha 6% alumini a 4% vanadium; ʻO kēia mau mea e hoʻoikaika i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hoʻopili ana i ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana 20% ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka mea kūʻai aku ma keʻano.
Like me, Ti-6al-2sn-4zr-2mo leʻaleʻa i nā mea i hoʻomaikaʻiʻia i ka paleʻana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ma ke kiʻekiʻe o keʻano o keʻano me kaʻole o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ke kū'ē.
4. Ke kū'ēʻana i nāʻano'ē aʻe
ʻO nāʻenehana Aqueous
- Acidic a me nā hopena maʻamau (PH 1-14): ʻO Titanium me nā PH Post, e hōʻike ana i nā kumukūʻai corrosione ma lalo nei 0.01 mm / yr I nā wahi he nui a me Alkalis kahi e loaʻa ai nā kiniki e hōʻeha i nā kumukūʻai 0.1-1.0 mm / yr.
- Chrlode-media media (Marine, Palaualelo): Ana i 3.5% Nacl, Hōʻikeʻo Titanium i ka piʻiʻana i nā wela ambied, oiai 316L fesalless kila hoʻomaka i ka lua ma ~ 50 ° C.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe
I ka lewa ma 500 ° C, Hoʻokomoʻo Titiani Alloys e hoʻomohala i kahi'āpana oxide mau <1 μm kaomi, Aʻo nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa e hana ai i ka hanaʻana i nā unahi >10 }m, keʻakeʻa a me ka wikiwikiʻana.
Crevice and galvanica corrosionion
Ua kū'ēʻo Titanium Crevice i ka hoʻouka kauaʻana i ke kai no nā haneli he mau haneli mau hola i ka wā Astm G48 Manaʻo, Pukahii Duplex 2205 and Actoel 625, ʻO ka mea e hōʻike ai i ka hana crevice i loko 24 hola ma lalo o nā kūlana like.
I ka wā e hui pū aiʻo Galvanically i Steel i Saline, Ua hanaʻo Titianium, pale aku i ke kila ma mua o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana iā ia iho.
Microbial-insounsiced corrosion (Mic)
ʻAʻole hiki iā Steel-ke hiki ke mālama i nā biofilms o sulfate-hoʻemiʻana i nā bacteria (Sr.) kēlā mea e hoʻopili ai i ka pitqurate-titanium e noho ana,
Me ka pōʻinoʻole o nā mic 12 mahina IMMESION INSIKA I KA MANAWA-PEARS SEATER SEATER.
5. ʻO Titnium Rust?
ʻAʻoleʻo Titaniumʻaʻole "e like me ka hao no ka meaʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopili pono i kahi paʻa paʻa, ʻO ka ho'ōlaʻana iā Titrium Dioxide (Tiio) kiʻi loa (2-10 nm mānoanoa) Ma luna o ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka ea a i ka wai paha.
ʻO kēia overery Tryide e hana pono ai i ka metala ma lalo nei,
E hāʻawi i nā helu Corrosioni ma lalo 0.01 MM / makahiki i ka hapanui o Acidic, alkaliline, kohuala, Marine, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe-hana-hana e pili ana i nā mea nānā i waho a me nā mea hoʻonani nickel.
Ma ka hopena, ʻO Titiani a me kāna mau makemake (E.g., Ti-6al-4v) Eʻike i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka mea hoʻohana i ka aerospace, Marine, Ke kālepaʻana, a me nā mea kūʻai biomedical.
O4-Mini
6. Hana hoʻohālikelike
| Waiwai | Pahuikawa<br>(mm / yr) | Thimp koʻikoʻi<br>(° C) | ʻO ke kumukūʻai maʻamau e pili ana i Ti |
|---|---|---|---|
| Titanium (Kepana) | <0.01 | >150 | 1.0× Nokia |
| 316L fesalless kila | 0.1-0.3 | ~ 50 | 0.4× Nokia |
| Duplex 2205 | 0.02-0.05 | ~ 100 | 0.6× Nokia |
| Actoel 625 | 0.02-0.05 | ~ 120 | 1.5× Nokia |
| Ui | 0.5-1.5 | N / a | 0.2× Nokia |
7. ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana a me nā kūlana
E hilinaʻi ana kaʻoihana i nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau e hōʻoia i ka paleʻana o ka corrosione:
- Astm b117 (ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai): Hōʻikeʻo Titiani Alloys i hōʻikeʻiaʻo Zero Corrosio ma hope 1,000 Nā hola hola, kūmole māmā māmā 316L NA MEA 200 Nā hola hola.
- Astm G48 (Pitting / crevice): ʻO Titanium e hele ana i keʻano a me nā ho'āʻoʻana me ka komoʻole, ʻOiai e heleʻole ana nā mea hoʻokūkū ma loko o nā hola.
- Nā Hana Electrochemical: Ka polaric plaritinic a Eis Hōʻike i nā mea kūʻai aku o Titinium i kēia manawa <0.01 μa / cm², e hōʻike ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūpono loa.
Kākoʻo ke kahua i nāʻikepili Lab: ʻO nā papa hana o nā papa hana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kālepa ma Timenium <1% ʻAʻole hiki i ka manawa 10 makahiki, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia 30% No nā wahi kila.
8. Nā kūpono kūpono a me nā noi
- Marine Nā Palaki'ā & ʻAilaʻaila & Aila: ʻO Titanium Riser Clamps, Nā Vilves, a me nā mea hana wela e hoʻopau i nā ala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki i nā makahiki he nui.
- ʻO nā mea noi biomedical: ʻO Titanium's Biocompative Biboide Fosters Osseolinetegration, Me nā ola hoʻohālikelike >20 makahiki a me ka leʻaleʻaʻole-vivo degradation.
- Aerospace & Ke kālepaʻana: Mai nā meaʻenehana jet mīkini i nā moku reactor, Nohoʻo Titianium i ka Offidation kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻouka kauaʻana.
- Mālama & Ke Kekauple: ʻO nā mea hana maʻamau e nānā i keʻano mechanical; Ke nānā pinepine neiʻo Corrosioting i nā mānoanoa o Titanium i hikiʻole ke hoʻopaʻaʻia ma luna o nā lawelawe lawelawe.
9. Kuhi hewa a me nā faqs
- "ʻAʻohe o nā hui ma Titanium." ʻOiaiʻo Titanium e noho ana i nāʻano nui o ka corrosio, Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi-e like me nāʻano kiʻekiʻe o nā ea.
- "Rust vs. oxidation. " Hanaʻo titanium i kahi paʻa Oliki (Tiio), ʻaʻole hao hao pipi, aʻaʻole e hāhai.
- "E hoʻokaʻawale i ka pale pale." Nā mea liʻiliʻi e ho'ōla ai i nā minuke i loko o nā minuke i ka lewa a i ka wai paha.
Akā naʻe,, Hiki i nā lole a iʻole ka hoʻolālāʻana e pale i kaʻike i ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā crevices oxygen.
10. Hopena
Titanium hana ʻaʻole kū I ka manaʻo o ka hao; ', i keʻano e like me ka paleʻaʻenehana hiko e kū pono ana nā kiaʻi, pitting, a me ka crevice corrosio ma waena o kahi ākea ākea ākea.
ʻOiaiʻo iaʻo ke kumukūʻai mua ma mua o ka nui o nā alloys, Ua weheʻiaʻo Titanium Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, Keia Riana,
and Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies E hōʻoia i kona koho i nā noi noi nui loa-mai ka hohonu hohonu o ka nohoʻana i nā mea lapaʻau olakino.
E like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻepekema maikaʻi, ʻO nā mea mālama kino a me nā forvel alloy forollos e hoʻonui i ka hana o ka intility e hoʻonui hou aku i kona kūlana e like me ka ʻO keʻano o ka mea hao kūpono-resistant.
