Nā lawelawe Canding Canding: Nā mea hoʻohi'āluaʻaoʻao, Nā Vilves & Nā'āpana hōʻike

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Kūʻai keleawe e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala ma ka ninini ʻana i ke keleawe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia-he hui keleawe-zinc-i loko o kahi ʻōpala kahi e paʻa ai i kahi ʻano i makemake ʻia..

E like me kekahi o nā mea kahiko a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻolei ʻole ferrous, Ua hoʻomau ka keleawe i kona pono ʻoihana no nā kenekulia ma muli o kāna castability maikaʻi loa, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me keʻano nani.

I ka hana hou, He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻolei keleawe ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me ka paipu, Mary Ples, Ke Kumalakui, a me ka hoʻolālāʻole.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe keleawe ʻē aʻe e like me ke keleawe (keleawe-tin) a i ʻole ka pū (copper-tin-zinc), ʻO ke keleawe ke hāʻawi maʻamau i ka fluidity, hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mīkini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana nui ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī.

2. Nā keleawe?

keleawe he mea hao hao i haku mua ia keleawe (Cu) and zinc (Zn).

He ʻāpana ia o ka ʻohana ākea o nā ʻāpana keleawe, akā, ʻaʻole e like me ke keleawe-ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana mua ai i ka tin-e hilinaʻi ke keleawe i ka zinc ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohui..

ʻO ka lakio keleawe-a-zinc i ke keleawe e hoʻoikaika nui i kona mau pono mechanical, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, Kāleka, a kūpono no nā ʻano hana hana like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka hoʻolei ʻana.

Ka papa o nā koho balota

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke keleawe i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nui e pili ana i ka ʻike zinc a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka metallurgical:

• Haphala (≤ 35% Zn)

• • ʻAno: ʻĀpana hoʻokahi (ʻanuʻu α), cubic cub.
  • Waiwai: Hiki maikaʻi ke anu, ikaika, ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ka corrossion maikaʻi.
  • E hoʻohana i ka hoʻolei ʻana: Paʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ke kala ʻana a me ke kaha kiʻi.

• Alpha-Beta (Duplex) keleawe (35–45% Zn)

• • ʻAno: Huihui o ka α-phase a me β-phase.
  • Waiwai: Maikaʻi maikaʻi, decent ductility, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā keleawe alpha.
  • Hoʻohana hoʻolei: Hoʻohana nuiʻia; kaulike ka castability a me ka hana mechanical.

• keleawe Beta (> 45% Zn)

• • ʻAno: ʻO ka hapa nui o ka β-phase (cubic cubic).
  • Waiwai: ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ikaika, akā ʻoi aku ka palupalu.
  • Hoʻohana hoʻolei: Rare, ʻalo ʻia ka hapa nui ma muli o ka brittleness a me ka dezincification pilikia.

Nā mea maʻamau maʻamau

Ma waho aʻe o ke keleawe a me ka zinc, Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke keleawe e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano hana kikoʻī:

Nānā: Ma muli o nā kānāwai kaiapuni a me ke olakino (E.g., Roohs, NSF / ASI 61), ke hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia nā keleawe me ke kēpau kepau ʻole Oole haʻahaʻa-lead nā ʻano like ʻole i nā noi he nui.

3. No ke aha e hele ai?

ʻO ke keleawe kahi mea hoʻolei i makemake ʻia ma muli o kona hui pū ʻana o nā waiwai:

• ʻO ka Candior Carbility: Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (950–1050°C) a me ka wai nui e hiki ai ke hoolei i na paia lahilahi (≥0.5 mm i ka hoʻolei kālā) a me nā kiko'ī kiko'ī (E.g., 0.1 mm milo).
• Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion: Hoʻokumu maoli i kahi ʻāpana keleawe keleawe pale, me ka haʻahaʻa o ka corrosion 0.005 mm / makahiki i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe (C83600).
• Markinpalibility: Nā kila i alakaʻiʻia (C36000) loaʻa i ka helu machinability o 100% (vsa. 30% No ka kila kila), e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻaʻahu o ka mea hana ma 40-50%.
• Aesttheticcs: Polishes i ke gula-like (Rand 0.025-0.1 μm), ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pono o ka plating i nā noi hoʻonaninani.
• Kumukūʻai-kūpono: 20–30% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke keleawe a 50% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kila kila no nā ʻāpana like.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kala ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻano paʻakikī (E.g., nā kīwī awa nui) ma kahi ʻanuʻu, e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai hui ma 30-40%.

Versus machining, Loaʻa ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka 70-90% hoʻohana waiwai (vsa. 30-50% no ka machining).

4. ʻO nā mea kūʻai aku maʻamau

Hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe keleawe e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi kaulikeia, ʻO ka hana mechanication, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ka machindability i ka wā a ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana.

ʻOkoʻa kēia mau ʻāpana i ko lākou keleawe, zinc, a me ke alakaʻi maʻiʻo, me kekahi me ke tini, aluminum, a i ʻole silika no nā waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia.

Pākaukau: ʻO ka nui o nā mea kūʻai nui keleawe maʻamau a me kā lākou mau waiwai

5. ʻO nāʻano keleawe keleawe

Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia ke keleawe me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, each suited to different component sizes, complexity levels, hoʻomanawanui, a me nā pauku hoʻohālikelike.

The selection of a casting technique depends on the desired mechanical properties, hui muaʻana, Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai, a me nā kumu kūʻai.

Ke Kihai Waiwai

Hōʻuluʻike:

Sand cread involves forming a cavity in compacted sand around a pattern that replicates the desired shape.

The mold can be made using green sand (Kāleʻa) or resin-bonded sand. Molten brass is poured into the mold, where it solidifies before the sand mold is broken away.

This method has been used for centuries and remains widely employed due to its simplicity, uku haʻahaʻa, and ability to cast large or complex parts.

Loaʻa:

• Low tooling cost and short lead times
• Suitable for small to very large components (Mai 0.5 kg to several hundred kg)
• Flexibility in design and wall thickness (≥5 mm)

PAHUI:

• Hoʻopauʻo Rougher (Ra 6.3–25 μm)
• Moderate dimensional tolerances (±0.75–1.5 mm)
• ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka porosity a me nā inclusions ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe

Nā noi maʻamau:

Nā kino valve, hanakai, ka manuahi, nā lako nui

Kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai (Nalowale shop)

Hōʻuluʻike:

Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai hoʻomaka me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano wax i hui ʻia i loko o kahi kumulāʻau a hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia i loko o ka slurry seramika e kūkulu i kahi pūpū refractory..

Ma hope o ka dewaxing, ninini ʻia ke keleawe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka pūpū i hoʻomehana ʻia, e ʻae ana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī a paʻakikī.

He kūpono kēia kaʻina hana no nā ʻāpana e koi ana i ka hoʻomanawanui paʻa a me nā geometries paʻakikī, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻonaninani.

Loaʻa:

• ʻO ka pololei kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (± 0.1-0.3 mm)
• Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa (Ra 1.6-3.2 μm)
• Hiki ke hoʻolei i nā geometries paʻakikī a me nā paia lahilahi (≥1.5 mm)

PAHUI:

• ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka mold a me ke kaʻina hana burnout
• Hoʻohana maʻamau no nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi (a hiki i ~50 kg)

Nā noi maʻamau:

Hana hanohano, nā mea kani, AETERPACE Fittysings, Nā Viona

ʻO ka paleʻana o ke keleawe mau loa (ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka nui)

Hōʻuluʻike:

Ke hoʻomau mau nei hoʻohana hou ʻia i nā ʻāpana metala, hana maʻamau mai ka hao a i ʻole ke kila. Ua ninini ʻia ke keleawe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka umekaumaha i loko o ka lua poʻo i hoʻomoʻa ʻia.

Hoʻomaʻalili wikiwiki ka metala ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka thermal conductivity o ka mold, ka hopena o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili, microstructure maikaʻi, a me nā mea waiwai kūlike.

He kūpono kēia ʻano hana no ka holo ʻana o nā ʻāpana geometrically maʻalahi a paʻakikī.

Loaʻa:

• ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical
• ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā manawa pōʻaiapili i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke one a i ʻole ka hoʻolei kālā
• Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa (RA 3.2-6.3 μM)

PAHUI:

• ʻO ke kumukūʻai kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
• Ua kaupalena ʻia i nā ʻano maʻalahi a paʻakikī
• Hiki i ka luhi wela ke hoemi i ke ola o ka mold

Nā noi maʻamau:

Nā kino mika wai, Nā Kūlana Pūnaewele, nā holohaʻana, ʻāpana paipu

ʻO ke keleawe cengrigal e lawe ana

Hōʻuluʻike:

I ʻO Centricugual kāhea, ninini ʻia ke keleawe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi poʻi e hoʻololi wikiwiki ana.

Hoʻokaʻawale ka ikaika centrifugal i ka metala e kū pono ana i nā paia mold, hana hewa, maikaʻi-grained, a me ka hoolei porosity-free.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke kū pololei a i ʻole ma muli o ka ʻāpana geometry. He mea maikaʻi loa ia no nā mea cylindrical a symmetrical e koi ana i ka pono mechanical kiʻekiʻe.

Loaʻa:

• Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi porosity
• ʻO ka ikaika mechanical maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaoa
• Kūpono no ka hakahaka, nā'āpana cylindrical

PAHUI:

• Kaupalena i nā'āpana symmetrical (tuku, apo)
• Pono nā lako kūikawā

Nā noi maʻamau:

Bussings, moe 'ana, pipet complees, lawe ʻana i nā pūpū

(Koho koho) ʻO ke keleawe bied (Ke kaumaha make)

Hōʻuluʻike:

ʻOiai ʻaʻole like me ka alumini a i ʻole ka zinc die casting, Ka paipai make buring hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke keleawe ke koi ʻia ka hana nui a me ka hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ke keleawe i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi pahu kila ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, e ʻae ana i nā manawa pōʻai wikiwiki a me nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea make kūikawā a me nā lubricants e kū i ka wela hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe a me ke ʻano abrasive..

Loaʻa:

• ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki a me ka hoʻomalu dimensional maikaʻi loa
• ʻO ka hoʻopau maikaʻi
• Hiki ke hana hou no ka holo nui

PAHUI:

• ʻO nā mea hana nui a me ke ola pōkole pōkole ma muli o ka abrasiveness o ke keleawe
• ʻAʻole kūpono no nā ʻāpana mānoanoa a nui paha

Noi:

Nā ʻāpana paipu liʻiliʻi, nā mea hoʻohui uila

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana o keʻano o keʻano o ke kumu kūʻai keleawe

6. ʻO ke kaʻina kūʻai keleawe keleawe: Hanaʻia e ka hana

• Prep (hilinaʻi ma keʻano)
• Hoʻomālamalama & Ka Hoʻopumia a ka Ola (~950–1050 °C)
• Keila & Kālā wailua e wehe i na oxides
• E ninini ana & Goting hoʻolālā e hōʻemi i ka haunaele
• Kūpuia hōʻoia i ka palaoa maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa like
• Ka Haakauaoha & Ailakalu e wehe i na puka a me na mea ala
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela koho (hoʻomaha hoʻoluhi a i ʻole ka mana o ka nui o ka palaoa)
• Hoʻopau hope e like me nā koi hoʻolālā

7. Ke hoʻopauʻana i nā koho o ke keleawe keleawe

He wā koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili i ka hoʻolei keleawe, ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻopiʻi aesthetic o ka mea hope akā ʻo kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, dimensional pololei, A me ka hana mechanical.

Machinging a me ka polish

• Kumu: E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ke ana a wehe i nā hemahema hoʻolei e like me ka uila, koena puka, a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili.
• Ke kaʻina hana:

• • Cnc iching a i ʻole ka hoʻohuli lima, MilightʻAʻole, a i ʻole ka wili ʻana.
  • ʻO ka hoʻopololei pili i nā kāʻei abrasive, huila, a i ʻole nā ​​pūhui buffing no ka hoʻopau ʻana e like me ke aniani.

• Noi: ʻO nā kiʻi kūpono, ka manuahi, ʻāpana mechanical pololei.

Nānā: He machinable loa ke keleawe ma muli o kona ʻano palupalu a me nā hiʻohiʻona hakihaki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pae keleawe alakaʻi.

Pickling a me ka uku

• Kumu: Wehe i nā oxides ili, kūkaku, a me ka wehe ʻana mai ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a i ʻole ka hoʻolei ʻana.
• Pickling:

• • Nā Kūlana Acon (E.g., hoʻoheheʻe i ka sulfuric a i ʻole ka waikawa nitric) hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻili.

• Hoʻolauna:

• • Hoʻokumu ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kahi lahilahi, kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide pale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

• KA MANAWA:

• • Hoʻihoʻi hou i ke ʻano metala like ʻole.
  • Hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻili no ka uhi hou ʻana a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana.

Electroplating

• Kumu: Hoʻonui i ka helehelena, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a i ʻole ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili.
• Nā Koho Plating maʻamau:

• • ʻO ka hanaʻana o Nickel: Hoʻomālamalama, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka corrosion no nā lako hale a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa.
  • ʻO Chrome ka paʻa: Hāwana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani.
  • He gula a kala kala paha: No nā mea nani a i ʻole nā ​​lako waiwai.

Manaʻo Kaʻina Hana: Pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono a me ka degreasing ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hōʻoia i ka pili.

ʻO nā pale a me nā pale pale pale

• Kumu: Kāohi i ka palahu a me ka oxidation, ʻoi aku no nā ʻāpana hoʻonaninani a i ʻike ʻia paha.
• Nāʻano:

• • ʻO nā uhi lacquer maʻemaʻe: Paʻa a me ka pale UV; hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e ka pulupulu a i ʻole ke kō.
  • Kālā Pomder: Piha, ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni plastik thermoset e pale aku i ka abrasion a me nā kemika.

• Noi:

• • Ke kukui uila, ʻoki lako, nā mea kani, ma haole featty.

Pono: Mālama ʻo Lacquering i ke ʻano gula maoli o ke keleawe no nā makahiki.

ʻO BAD Blasting a me ke kākā

• Kumu: ʻO ke ʻano ʻili matte like ʻole, ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana oxide, a me ka hoomakaukau ili no ka uhi ana.
• Media:

• • Bead blasting hoʻohana i nā lei aniani maikaʻi no ka hoʻopau maʻalahi.
  • Nā Waihona hoʻohana i ka media coarser no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻili.

• Hoʻohana:

• • Hana mua maʻamau ma mua o ka pena ʻana a i ʻole ka anodizing.
  • Hoʻopau matte aesthetic no nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā ʻenehana.

8. Loaʻa i nā mea kūʻai keleawe

Hāʻawi ka hoʻolei keleawe i nā ʻano pōmaikaʻi e lilo ia i ala makemake no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī ma waena o nā ʻoihana e like me ka plumbing., Marine, hana hanohano, nā'ōnaehana uila.

Maikaʻi loa a me ka wai

• ʻO nā mea hao keleawe-ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea zinc kiʻekiʻe-e hōʻike i ka wai maikaʻi, hiki ke hana i nā mea paʻakikī, laki, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻano paʻakikī.
• ʻAe kēia i ke keleawe e hoʻopiha pono i nā mole kikoʻī, e hōʻemi ana i nā hemahema e like me ka pani anu a i ʻole ka hoʻopiha piha ʻole.
• He kūpono no nā ʻano hoʻolei like ʻole me ka hoʻolei kālā, Sand cread, a me ka hoʻomau mauʻana.

Ke kū'ē nei ke kū'ē kiʻekiʻe

• Kū'ē maoli ke keleawe i ka ʻinoʻino i ka hapa nui o nā kaiapuni, ʻoi aku ka pili wai, HUDE, a me nā kūlana ʻakika iki.
• Alloys e like me ke keleawe pale dezincification (RDA) ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia no ka lawelawe lōʻihi i ka wai inu a me nā noi kai.
• Hoʻopau ʻili pale (E.g., holoholo, Wehe) hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.

Hoihoi hoihoi

• Loaʻa i ka keleawe kahi hue gula maoli e lilo ia i koho kaulana no nā ʻāpana ʻike ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻonaninani.
• Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻolālā, nā mea kani, kāhiko hale, a me ka hoolei kii maikai.
• Hiki ke poni maʻalahi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a i ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kūlike i nā koi hoʻolālā.

ʻO ka Mancinability maikaʻi

• Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe keleawe alakaʻi, e like me C85800 a i ʻole C36000, hāʻawi i ka machinability maikaʻi loa ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana kepau ʻoki manuahi.
• Nā hana ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana e like me ka wili ʻana, hili ʻana, a ʻo ka hoʻohuli ʻana he maikaʻi a maikaʻi ke kumu kūʻai.
• Hoʻemi kēia i ka ʻaʻahu ʻana o ka mea hana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka puka hana ma nā pae hoʻopau.

Nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi

• Hāʻawi nā hoʻolei keleawe i kahi hui kaulike o ka ikaika, paʻakikī, a me ka paʻakikī kūpono no ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻokau ukana.
• ʻO ka ikaika maʻamau: 200-500 mPA, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka hana a me ke kaʻina hana.
• ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kūpono no nā ʻāpana e like me nā mīkini, nā kino valve, a me nā bearings.

ʻO Vertitility i ke koho koho

• Loaʻa ka laulā o nā alloys hoʻolei: keleawe melemele, Keka ulaula ulaula, NA MANI SPANICH, keleawe alakaʻi ʻole, a me ke keleawe noval.
• Hāʻawi i ka hana maʻamau no ka ikaika mechanical, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, Hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana (E.g., kepau ʻole), a me keʻano.
• Hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā ke hoʻololi i nā waiwai e pili ana i nā pono noi kikoʻī.

Kumukūʻai-kūpono

• He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke keleawe, e koi ana i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōnaehana hana maʻalahi ma mua o nā metala ferrous.
• ʻO nā kumukūʻai mea hana no ka hoʻolei keleawe he haʻahaʻa, ma ke one a me ka hoolei waiwai.
• ʻO ke ola lōʻihi o ka mea hana a me ka hana kūpono e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana holoʻokoʻa.

Maikaʻi loa recyclability

• Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka ʻōpala keleawe me ka ʻole o ka lilo nui o nā waiwai.
• Kiʻekiʻe ka hana hou ʻana (pau pinepine 90%) e hana i ka hoohehee keleawe i mea e pono ai ke kaiapuni a me ka hoomau waiwai.
• Paʻa ke keleawe i hana hou ʻia i kona waiwai, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai maka.

Ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana me nāʻano hana casting likeʻole

• Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia ke keleawe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia ala nui: Sand cread, Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, mau loa, Kesighu, a me ka hana ʻana i ka pūpū.
• ʻO kēia hiki ke hiki i nā mea hana ke koho i ke kaʻina hana kūpono e pili ana i ka nui o ka hapa, huanui, Volume, a koiʻia.

9. Nā palena a me nā paʻakikī o ke keleawe keleawe

• Nalo Zinc: 2-5% o ka zinc oxidizes i ka wā heheʻe, e koi ana i ka mālama pono ʻana i ka wela a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e mālama i ka haku mele.
• Hooponopono alakai: Hoʻopili ʻo RoHS i ke alakaʻi i <0.1% i nā mea uila; U.S. Hoʻopau ke kānāwai wai inu palekana i ke alakaʻi i ke keleawe paipu i <0.25% (pono 2014).
• Ikaika: Ikaika ikaika (340-450 mpa) he haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kila (600-800 mPA) a iʻole bronze (400-600 mPA), ka palena ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana kiʻekiʻe.
• Dezincification: Nā keleawe kiʻekiʻe-zinc (C36000) hiki i ka zinc leaching ma nā wahi ʻawaʻawa; hoʻemi ʻia e nā hoʻohui tin (C83600) a i ʻole nā ​​huila haʻahaʻa-zinc.

10. Noi no na hoolei keleawe

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe keleawe ma waena o nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o kā lākou mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, ʻO nā hoʻopiʻi Aesthetic, a me ka versitility.

Paipu a me na paipu paipu

• Nā kumu nui: Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, markinpalibility, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana wai inu.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Faucets a me nā kiwikā
  • Nā mea hoʻohui paipu a me nā hui
  • Nā mea pale hoʻi hope
  • Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai

• Hooponopono: ʻO ka nui o nā keleawe keleawe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka paipu ʻaʻole ke alakaʻi a i ʻole ke alakaʻi haʻahaʻa e hoʻokō i nā lula e like me NSF/ANSI 61.

Nā Lako Hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā Mea Hoʻolālā

• Nā kumu nui: Hoʻopau gula maoli, polishability, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻino.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • ʻO nā lima puka a me nā kī
  • ʻO nā kukui kukui a me nā kukui kukui
  • ʻO nā kī puka makani a me nā ʻumeke
  • Handrail, Nā Plaqques, a ʻokiʻoki i nā kikoʻī

KOMIKANA LOA

• Nā kumu nui: ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma ka wai paʻakai.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Nā mea waiwai a me nā mea make
  • Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike a me nā kino o Valve
  • Nā lako a me nā lako lako kai
  • Nā ʻāpana deck a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa

Nā Mea Uila a me nā Mea Hana

• Nā kumu nui: ʻO ke alakaʻi uila kiʻekiʻe, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ka maikaʻi castability.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Nā hale hoʻololi uila
  • Nā mea hoʻohui a me nā poloka terminal
  • Nā kumu mika a me nā panela hoʻomalu
  • ʻO nā pā uila a me nā kākoʻo pahu kaʻa

Nā mea kani a me nā hoʻolei kiʻi nani

• Nā kumu nui: Acoustic waiwai, NoMame, a me ka waiwai nani.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Nā bele, mau leo, a me na pepeiaohao
  • Nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā mea hoʻonaninani
  • ʻO nā mea hana a me nā mea kani

Nā'āpana o kaʻoihana a me ka hydraulic

• Nā kumu nui: E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, markinpalibility, a me nā waiwai mechanical paʻa.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • ʻO nā pahu hakahaka a me nā huila ilo
  • ʻO nā kino pauma hydraulic a me nā noho valve
  • Hāpai i nā hīnaʻi a me nā puʻupuʻu
  • Nā mea hoʻololi wela

Nā polokalamu kaʻa a me ka Aerospace

• Nā kumu nui: Māmā māmā, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Carburetor a me nā ʻāpana ʻōnaehana wahie
  • ʻOli hale hoʻonaninani
  • Bearings a me nā mea hoʻohui
  • Nā hale sensor a me nā pale (hoʻolālā ʻole)

Lako Hoomaemae a me na Mea Ai

• Nā kumu nui: Non-toxic, corrosions-resistant, a e like me nā kūlana maʻemaʻe.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Nā mea inu inu
  • ʻO nā mika wai a me nā mea kānana
  • ʻO nā lako hana meaʻai

• Alloys: ʻOi ʻia nā māka keleawe kepau ʻole no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

HVAC a me na lako kinoea

• Nā kumu nui: ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ke keleawe, Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua, a me ke kū'ēʻana.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • ʻO nā pahu hau a me nā mea hoʻoponopono
  • Nā hale wela wela
  • ʻO nā kino pahu hoʻomaha hoʻomaha
  • ʻO nā cores Radiator a me nā impeller pump

Nā Laka a me nā Pūnaehana Palekana

• Nā kumu nui: ʻO ka paleʻana, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, a me ke kūpale ʻana i ka ʻino a me ka hoʻopili ʻana.
• Nā hiʻohiʻona:

• • Nā kino paʻa
  • Nā mea hoʻopaʻa pahu pahu
  • Nā ala kī a me nā kāmeʻa laka

11. Ka Mana Pono ma ka hoolei keleawe

• ʻO ka loiloi Chemical: Hōʻoia ka ʻike hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hoʻohui (E.g., 60–63% Cu ma C36000).
• Nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua: Nā Hōʻike Tesile (no ka ASTM B557) hōʻoia i ka ikaika; hōʻike paʻakikī (Mau Kanaka Waiwai) hōʻoia i ka laulā 70-120 HB.
• ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole:

• • ʻIke ʻo X-ray i ka porosity kūloko (koʻikoʻi no nā kīʻaha koʻikoʻi).
  • Hoʻomaopopo ka mea hoʻoheheʻe wai i nā māwae ili ma nā noho valve.

• Hoʻokō Kūlana: ASTM B584 (nā kikoʻī no ka hoʻolei keleawe) a a 1982 (Nā kūlana ʻEulopa no nā ʻāpana keleawe).

12. Hopena

Hāʻawi ka hoʻolei keleawe i kahi hopena maʻamau no nā ʻenekinia a me nā mea hoʻolālā e koi ana i ke kaulike o kaulikeia, aesttheticcs, a me ke kū'ēʻana.

ʻOiai e lawe ana kēlā me kēia ʻano hoʻolei i nā kūʻai kūʻai kikoʻī i ke kumukūʻai, 'Clelo pololei, a me ke aniani, ke koho ʻana i ke kaʻina hana kūpono a me ka alloy e hōʻoia i ka hana maikaʻi loa, inā paha no nā lako hana nani a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻenehana ikaika.

FaqS

He aha ke keleawe keleawe maʻamau no ka hoʻolei ʻana?

C36000 (ʻO ke keleawe manuahi manuahi) ka mea maʻamau, waiwai no kona machinability a castability i ka paipu a me ka uila noi.

Hiki ke wili ʻia nā mea hoʻolei keleawe?

ʻAe, aka, me ka akaaka. Gas tungsten arc welding (Gtaw) hana maikaʻi loa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopiha silicon-bronze e pale aku i ka vaporization zinc (ʻo ia ke kumu o ka porosity).

Pehea ka lōʻihi o nā hoʻolei keleawe?

I ka wai hou, ʻO C36000 pono hope loa 50+ makahiki; I loko o ke kai, Hoʻopaʻa nā ʻāpana C83600 i 30-40 mau makahiki me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

He maikaʻi ka hoʻolei keleawe?

ʻAe—he keleawe 90% recyclable, a me nā mea hao kepau-ʻole o kēia wā (E.g., C37700) e hoʻokō me nā kūlana kaiapuni honua.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke keleawe a me ke keleawe?

keleawe (Cu-zn) hāʻawi i ka castability maikaʻi a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa; bronze (Me-sn) hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, hoʻohana ʻia i nā mīkini kaumaha.

He aha nā hemahema o ka hoʻolei ʻana i mea maʻamau i ke keleawe?

E makaʻala i ka porosity kinoea, pōʻalo mahuka zinc, lihao, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā lua—mālama ʻia ma o ka degassing, hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, a me ke kaʻina hana.

He keleawe keleawe?

ʻAʻole, he keleawe ʻaʻole magnetic. ʻO ia ka mea hao non-ferrous i hana mua ʻia me ke keleawe a me ka zinc, ʻaʻohe o ia mau mea he ferromagnetic. No laila, ʻAʻole e huki ʻia ke keleawe i nā magnet.

He pala keleawe?

Hana ke keleawe ʻaʻole kū no ka mea, aohe hao. Akā naʻe,, hiki Tarnish a i ʻole hoʻomohala a Patina (he kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻōmaʻomaʻo) ma muli o ka oxidation a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka makū a me ka ea i ka manawa.

He ʻokoʻa kēia mai ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ʻike ʻia ma ka hao a me ke kila.