Koly kila kila | ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kila kila

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Hāʻawiʻo Alloy i nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa: kokoke i ke kūʻokoʻa geometric o ka pāʻana me ʻO nā mea i hanaʻoleʻia ma o ka hoʻolālāʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela.

Kahi i kūʻole ai, Nā Passing kūloko, a ua koiʻia ka'āpana hoʻohui me ka ikaika, paʻakikī a me keʻano a iʻole ke kū'ēʻana, ʻO nā mea kūʻai akuʻo Alloy Steel i ka nui loa o ke koho kālā.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau-waiwai nui, pono & aila, nā mea kino kaumaha, mana pā'āʻu, Nā Vilves & Pumps, a me ka mining.

2. He aha keʻano o ka mea kiloki wai?

kila kila Kauhi ke kaʻina hana o ka hanaʻana i nā'āpana net-net-mode e ka nininiʻana i nā molten Lalo ʻO ke kila i loko o kahi pā, eʻae ana e hoʻoponopono, a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻO ka wela-mālama-mālama a hoʻopau i ka mea i hōʻoiaʻia e hiki ai ke hālāwai me nā mea e pono ai nā mechanical a me nā mea pono.

I ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā hale kūʻaiʻo Carbon-Step, alloy ʻO nā kāmela Steel i loaʻa i nā hoʻohuiʻana o nā mea'ē aʻe (Cr, Mo, I, V, etc.) e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o ka paʻakikī, ikaika, paʻakikī, E kāʻei i ka paleʻana a iʻole ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Nā hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo

• Kumu kumu: ʻO ka Maro-Carbon Matrix (Kukui Kekuhi) hoʻololiʻia e kekahi a iʻole nā mea'ē aʻe.
• Ke ala hana hana: ʻO ka hana maʻamau (indud / eaf), deoxidize / degard, ninini i loko o ke one / shell / hāʻawiʻia, paʻa, Fetle / maʻemaʻe, a laila mālama ka wela, ʻO ka mīkini a me ka ho'āʻoʻana.
• Waiwai: Loaʻa nā waiwai o nā mīkini hana hope loa e ka hui pūʻana o ka huiʻana, Kūpuia ('āpana'āpana a me ka hōʻoluʻolu) a me ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka hana wela wela (hana maʻamau, Quetch & huhū, kaumaha-relief).

No ke aha e hoʻohanaʻia aiʻo ALLLLYING (He aha nā loli)

Hoʻohuiʻia nā kumukūʻai alloying i nā helu i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka hana hana:

(Ua hilinaʻiʻo Reses ma ka papa - e.g., Cr maʻamau cr maʻamau 0.5-3 wt%, Mon 0.1-1.0 wt%, Ni 0.5-4 wt% i nā mea he nui i nā mea kūʻai aku maʻamau; He mea hoʻohālike kēia, ʻaʻole nā palena kiko'ī.)

3. ʻO nā kaʻina hana a me nā hana hana no nā kinikini koho

ʻO ka hanaʻanaʻo ALYLOY CHELLY CODING heʻano hana o nā hana i mālamaʻia, kahi i kēlā me kēia kahua-mai ka chemistry i ka chemistry i ka hana hope loa-e hoʻoholo i ka hana a ka mea hoʻopiʻi, hilinaʻi, a lawelawe lawelawe.

Ma lalo nei he wāwahiʻia o nā hana koʻikoʻi a loaʻa i nā hana maikaʻi loa.

3.1 Menging a me ka aleying - ke kumu metallirgical

Hoʻomaka ka hanaʻana me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Nā Firm GC (Kamaoaf), nā mea kanu i hoʻopaʻaʻia, a iʻole no nā kākā lole ultra-maʻemaʻe, ʻO ka hoʻomehanaʻana i keʻano (Vim).

ʻO nā wela maʻamau no nā mahana no nā pahuhopu alloy mai 1,490-1,600 ° C (2,714-2,912 ° F), ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka wehe pihaʻana o nā mea'ē aʻe.

Chemical pololei he mea nui. Me ka hoʻohanaʻana ʻO nā mea kūpono kūpono (Poina), Loaʻa i nā mea hōʻoia e hōʻoia i nā mea hou aku i ± 0,01-0.02% pololei. ʻo kahi laʻana, a 42Crmo4 (AISI 4140) e hāʻule ai ka paleʻana i loko:

• C: 0.38-0.45%
• Cr: 0.90-1.20%
• Mo: 0.15-0.25%

Keila no ka mea non-negatoble no ke kūpaʻa kūpono. ʻO ka haunaele (Aron) a iʻole e hoʻemi i ka degusing i hōʻemi i nā gasved gasved indes-nui loa i ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen-e hiki ai ke kumu.

Hiki i nā micro-poosity E hōʻemi i ka ikaika o ka momona ma luna o 25-30%, Ke hana nei i ka hana koʻikoʻi no nā'āpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā'ōpala o nā turbine a iʻole nā mea paʻi cersel.

3.2 Ka hoʻolālāʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana - e wehewehe ana i keʻano a me ka pololei

ʻAʻole wale ka weheweheʻana i ka geometry akāʻo ka mālamaʻana i nā uku paʻa, e pili pololei ana i nā microsructure.

Nā'ōnaehana maʻamau:

• ʻO nā'ōlapa o ke aniani: Ka waiwai, He kūpono no nā hale kūʻai nui (E.g., Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, Nā kākuhi Gar). Aiko: ± 0.5-1.0 mm per 100 mm. Paulapua: Ra 6-12 μm.
• Resin-berendy (a-bake): ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Kūpono no nāʻano hana pilikino-kiʻekiʻe-paʻakikī.
• Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai (ʻO kaʻili cemic): Maikaʻi loa no ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a me nā mea paʻa paʻa (± 0.1 mm); E hoʻopau i luna i lalo Ra 1.6-3.2 μm.
• Mau loa & ʻO Centricugual kāhea: Hoʻolei hao a iʻole nā steel h13, Ke hāʻawi nei i ka'ōlelo kiʻekiʻe no nā noi automotive a me nā noi kiʻekiʻe, ʻOiai ua kaupalenaʻia ma Geometry ma muli o nā mea i koiʻia.

Ka Hōʻulu: Pahu hau, pahu wela, a iʻole he 3d-props i paʻiʻia nā papa o nā mores.

3Nā'āpana kālā D-PRTED ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokōʻia keʻano me ka hana maʻamau, ho'ēmi i nā manawa alakaʻi, a hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka hāʻawiʻana.

3.3 Ka ninini a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana - ka hoʻokeleʻana i ka maikaʻi metallirgical

Hoʻololiʻiaʻo Molten Steel i nā Ladles i hoʻomākaukauʻia a nininiʻia i loko o nā molds a iʻole e kōkua i nā ala i kōkuaʻia (ʻO ka hakahaka a iʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) No nā'āpana likeʻole.

Kāohi paʻa:

• Nā Paukū Kuhi (<5 mm): Koi i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki (50-100 ° C / min) E hana i nā momona maikaʻi, Hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka densile a me ka hopena paʻakikī.
• Nā'āpana ākea (>100 mm): Pono lohi, ʻO ka holoiʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe (5-10 ° C / min) e pale i nā center waena.

Hānai a me ka piʻiʻana hahai kuhikuhi i ka hōʻoia Nā'Imileʻa. Ua kū i nā mea e kū pono ai 25-50% lohi ma mua o nā'āpana e pili ana i nā'āpana, Ke hōʻoia nei i ka mīkiniʻai wai e hiki ai i nā wahi waiwai.

ʻO nā pale exothermic and lihuli e laweʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoponopono.

Simulation lako polokalamu (E.g., Magmanuaft, KUPONO) he kūlana i nā hanana hou.

Ma ka wānanaʻana i nā wahi wela a me nā turbulence, Hiki i nā simulations ke hōʻoki i nā kumukūʻai scrap mai 15-20% i lalo 5% I nā papahana kiʻekiʻe-kiko'ī.

4. ʻO ka hoʻoiliʻana o ka hanaʻana

ʻO ka hanaʻana o ka hanaʻana i ka hanaʻana no ka hoʻololiʻana i kahi mea e like me nā mea e like me nā mea kila e like me keʻano, ʻO ka'āpana hana piha e hālāwai ai me ka dimensional, puiahuhu, a me nā pono kūpono.

ʻO kēia papa kuhikuhi i keʻano o ke kaumaha, ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālike Microstructural, Hoʻopau ka honua i hoʻonui, a me ka hōʻoleʻole.

ʻO ka hana wela

ʻO ka hana wela ʻo ia kekahi o nā hana post-nui loa e kau ana i nā'āpana no nā'āpana koho balota.

Ua kāohi i nā alaloa i hoʻopaʻaʻia i keʻano grain, E hōʻoluʻolu i nā kaumaha kūloko, a hoʻokō i ka kaulike o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, a me ka.

• Hana maʻamau

• • Keka ao: 850-950 ° C
  • Kumu: E hōʻole i ka corins corins i kūkuluʻia i ka wā lohi, ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka machinipalibility a me ka mīkini maʻamau.
  • Ho'ōla: ʻO kaʻoluʻolu e pale aku ai i ka hōʻeha nui.

• ʻO ka huhū a me ka hoʻowalewale (Q&T)

• • ʻO nā pāpālua Quench: Wai, pono, a iʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoponopono polymer.
  • Hoʻonuiʻana i ka laulā: 500-650 ° C, hoʻoponoponoʻia i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a paʻakikī.
  • Hoʻoloholo: AISI 4340 Hiki i nā mea kilala kila 1,300-1,400 MPA TSinsle ikaika mahope o q&T.

• Ke kaumaha nei ke kaumaha

• • Hana ma 550-650 ° C E hōʻemi i ke kaumaha kūlohelohe mai ka hoʻoponoponoʻana a me ka machining me kaʻole o ke hoʻololiʻana i ka paʻakikī.
  • Pono nui no ka nui, ʻO nā mea hana paʻakikī (E.g., Nā kāpenaʻo Turbine) I mea e pale ai i kaʻaeʻana i ka wā o ka lawelawe.

Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana a me ka hoʻopauʻana

Ke wehe nei i nā mea paʻahao, kūkaku, a he mea nui loa ka waiwai e hoʻomākaukau ai e hoʻomākaukau i ka mālamaʻana no ka nānāʻana a me ka uhiʻana.

• Pana pua / Crit clusting: ʻO nā mea i panaʻia a iʻole ke kīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwī, cemamic considies, a me ke aniani, ka hoʻokōʻana i kahi papa lole.
• Pickling: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana acid-i hoʻokumuʻia no nā'āpana o nā'āpana, i loko o nā mea hoʻokūkūʻole a iʻole nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
• Ke kālai a me ka fettling: Hoʻopau i nā'īpuka, 'Anaʻa, a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka flash e hoʻohana ana i nā grinders Angle a iʻole nā keiki he nui.

Mīkini pololei

Ke hoʻololi neiʻo Machina i keʻano maʻamau i loko o kahi'āpana e kūpono i loko o konaʻano.

• CNC Mīkini: Nā mea paʻa e like me ± 0.01 mm No nā'āpana o Meserpace.
• Hoao: Kā mākou mau mea hana hana carbide a iʻole nā mea hana hana e hoʻokele ai i nā pae paʻakikī o 25-35 hrc (wahi a Anneed) a ho'ēmi i nā mea hana hana.
• Nā papa'āina koʻikoʻi: Ke hali nei, nā helehelena hōʻailona, a me nā hiʻohiʻona i koho pinepineʻia e koi pinepine i ka papa kiʻekiʻe a me ka paleʻana i ka pauʻana ≤ ra 1.6 }m.

ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole (Ndt) - e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kūpaʻa me kaʻole o ka hōʻino

Hōʻikeʻo NDT i nā hemahema o loko a me nā hemahema ma mua o kahi lawelawe e komo ai.

• ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana (U): E hoʻomaopopo i nā flaws kūloko e like me nā chevi nui, Nā Hoʻohui, a iʻole nā pale.
• Ke nānāʻana i ka mana o Magnetic (Mt): Eʻike i ka papahele-wāwahi a kokoke i nā kāʻei o kaʻaoʻao ma nā mea kanu ferromagnetic.
• Hōʻikeʻike ho'ālaʻana (T): Hoʻolako i kahi kiʻi kūloko piha e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka poosity a me ka shrinkage.
• ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana e hōʻike ana (Pt): Hōʻike i nā kiʻina maikaʻi loa, i loko o nā mea kilokilo a me nā mea kūʻai aku-magnetic.

Ka paleʻana a me ka pale o ka corrosiot

E hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe, nui loa ma nā wahi hoʻohālikelike, Ua hoʻohanaʻia nā pale pale pale.

• Kāleka: EPOXY a iʻole PyureTane i nā kiʻi no nā'āpana o nāʻoihana.
• Wela-dip galvalizing: ʻO Zinc Cover no ka paleʻana o Corrosioni ma luna o nā hoʻonohonoho o waho.
• Nā Palapala Kūʻai'ormal: ʻO nā kākela Trungsten a iʻole nā papa hana cerramic no ka lole a me ke kū'ēʻana.

5. ʻO nā kiʻinaʻo Alloy a me kā lākou mau mechanininies

Nānā: Hōʻike nā waiwai waiwai i nā waiwai maʻamau ma hope o ka hana wela wela; ʻO ka hana maoli paha e hoʻololiʻia me ka pauku o ka mānoanoa, Ke kahua nei, a hoʻopau i nā hana.

6. Nā hemahema maʻamau, nā kumu kumu a me nā hoʻolālā hoʻoikaikaʻana

7. Pono nā pono o Aloy kila kila

Ka nui a me nā paona kaumaha

ʻO nā kaʻina hana pahuhopu eʻae i ka hanaʻana o nā mea kila kila i nā wahi liʻiliʻi mai nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea lapaʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kūpono aerospace,

i nā'āpana nui loa 50 Tons, e like me nā mea hoʻokūkū Tydroelectric e holo nei a me nā mīkini hana koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka hana mechanication

Hāʻawiʻo Alloy Steel i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī, a ke kāʻei i nā pale pale i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā kālana carbon maʻamau. Nā helu helu ikaika e like me AISI 4340 hiki iā ia ke hōʻea i nā ikaika o nā maka 1,400 Mpa,

ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka hana maikaʻi a me ka hopena hopena, ʻO ka hoʻokō ponoʻana i ka hana kūpono ma lalo o ke koiʻana i nā ukana a me nā kūlana lawelaweʻo Harsh.

Hoʻolālā Hoʻolālā

ʻO ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai i nā geomex paʻakikī a me nā mea hanaʻole i loko o ka paʻakikī a iʻole hikiʻole ke ho'ōlaʻia a iʻole ka machining wale nō.

Kākoʻo kēia hoʻololi i kahi hana kokoke-Net-, ka hoʻemiʻana i ka pono no ke kahakahaʻana o ka manika a me ka hui.

Mea hana a me nā waiwai waiwai

Ma o ke kāʻeiʻana a me ka mālama wela, Hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia nā hale kūʻai e hālāwai me nā koi kūikawā e like me ka paleʻana o ka corrosion, paakiki, a iʻole match.

ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO nā mea kila kila i kālaiʻia me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka paleʻana me ka corrosion maikaʻi loa.

Uku kūpono

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokeleʻana i keʻano o ka hanaʻana ma mua o nāʻano hana hana no ka hanaʻana i nāʻano nui.

ʻO ka hiki ke hana i nā wahi kokoke-Net-Net-Net-Net-Net 30%, ʻOiai ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hana e hoʻohālikelike ai i ke kalaʻana i ka mea hoihoi, 'Ākana, a iʻole nā mea hoʻololi.

ʻO ke ola lawelawe lawelawe

Hoʻopili nā kiloki hana a me nā mea wela wela a me nā mea wela wela i ka ola o nā mea i hukiʻia e ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hōʻehaʻana a me ka hōʻemiʻana i ka momona.

He koʻikoʻi kēia no nā'āpana e hana ana i nā wahi e like me ka aila & aila, mana pā'āʻu, a me ke kālepaʻana.

Nā Kūlana Honua a me ka hilinaʻi

Ua hanaʻia nā mea kūʻai akuʻo Alloy (Hosm, I, ISO), e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka maikaʻi, interchangelibility, a hilinaʻi i nā kaulahao hāʻawi i nā mākeke ma waena o nā mākeke honua.

8. Nā noi o nā kila kila

Mana pā'āʻu

Nā Rooms, Nā Wili, nā Kūpono

Aila aila

Nā kino valve, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, nā mea hoʻohālikelike

ʻO Automotive a me nā mīkini kaumaha

Kauluhi, lihao, nā mea hoʻopiʻi suspension

Aerospace a me ka pale

ʻO nā'āpana'āina, Nā Mokuna Pūnaewele, Nā pale lole

Kemika a me ka petrochemical

Pumps, Nā Vilves, Nā mea hana

Ka mining a me ka honua

Nā'āpana crusher, komo i nā papa, Nā'āpana conveyor

Airine and on onfshore

Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, nā kino valve, nā'āpana waiwai

9. Nā Makana, ʻO ka noʻonoʻoʻana a me nā noʻonoʻo o ke ola

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai:

ʻO nā kumukūʻai a Alloying (I, Mo, V hiki i ke kumu kūʻai kālā), Loaʻa i ka paʻakikī (Ke kūʻai aku neiʻo Canding Breing), ʻO ka hana wela, a koiʻia ndt / nānā.

Hana hoʻolālā:

No ka holoʻana o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku ka maʻamau maʻamau ma mua o ke kalaʻana; No nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe o nā'āpana maʻalahi, Hiki ke kūleʻa.

ʻO nā pilina kūʻai lōʻihi lōʻihi, nā mea iʻaeʻia (mea ', E ninini, Ht, hope loa) a me nā leka uila mua i hōʻemiʻia e hōʻemi i ka pilikia.

Ke Kekauple:

ʻO nā hale kūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa me nā mea e pono ai i ka mālama ponoʻana i ka mālamaʻana i ka mālama a me ka downtime; scrap a me ka recycling o ka kila he makua a hoʻemi i ka hopena o ka net the net the the net.

10. E puka mai ana a me nāʻenehana

• Hana hybrid: 3D-PRGTED Sand a iʻole nā mea hana Wax i hōʻemi i ka hanaʻana i ka manawa e alakaʻi ai i ka manawa a me nā mea hana hoʻolālā hoʻolālā.
• Mea hoʻohuiʻaha (AmU): ʻO ka mea hoʻohui pololei a me nā hoʻopihapiha e hoʻopili ana i ka mea liʻiliʻi, paʻakikī, nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe, ʻOiai e paʻiʻia ana i nā pale / cores e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻolālāʻana.
• Nā kiʻi paʻi: Nā Waiwai SensorIzed, nā mea kīwī uila, a me ka hele piha (Nā Palapala Mīkini Holoi) E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoponopono.
• Simulation: Kūpuia, ʻO ka shrinkge a me ke kaheʻana o ka simulation e hōʻemi i nā hana hoʻomohalaʻana a me ka scrap.
• Loaʻa i nā hana Melt Advanced: hana mālama hale, ʻO Argon Striing a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka deoxidation haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā invisions.

11. Hoʻohālikelike me nāʻano hana'ē aʻe

12. Hopena

ʻO ke alaʻo Alloy Steel ke hele nei he makua kāne e hana ana i ka hana hana e hana ana Hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa me ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū metallirgical.

Ke hui pūʻana, Ke hele nei / lele, ʻO ka mālama wela a me ka nānāʻana i mālamaʻia ma keʻano he'ōnaehana, Hoʻounaʻia nā kiniki a Alloy e hāʻawi i kaʻoihana, ʻO nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia no ka lawelaweʻana i ka lawelaweʻoihana.

Ke kūleʻa nei i nāʻenehana a me nāʻenehana hoʻohui e hōʻemi ai i ka manawa alakaʻi a me ka trrap i ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ke kālepaʻana - akā loaʻa ka hoʻopaʻi (hana maikaʻi, hānai, Ndt) e noho ana i ka mea i koiʻia i ka hana a me ka hilinaʻi.

FaqS

Pehea e like ai i ka heleʻana o nā mea kiloki wai?

Hoʻopili i nā kiloki kohoʻana i nā mea i kohoʻia e ka nininiʻana i ka metala monten, e hiki ai i nāʻano paʻakikī.

Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo MILDURL ACLOY CHEELY e like me ka holoʻana a iʻole ke kalaʻana, ʻO nā palena palena a hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika i nā kuhikuhi kiko'ī.

ʻO ka nui o ka nui o kahi kila kila alloy?

Nā hale nui, e like me nā hub turbine, hiki ke keu 5 mika a me ka 50 tons i ke kaumaha, ua hanaʻia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke one ma luna o ka pāʻana me nā pā kaua resin.

Nā mea kilokilo alsloy?

ʻAe, akā makemake e koi i ka mua (200-300 ° C no nā helu kiʻekiʻe-alloy) I mea e pale ai i ka cracking hydrogen, ukaliʻia e ka hana wela wela e hōʻoluʻolu i nā kaumaha.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o nā mea kiloki wai i ka lawelawe i ka lawelawe?

I nā hui haʻahaʻa (E.g., nā'āpana automothetive), Uaʻoi aku ka ola o ka lawelawe ma mua o 10-15 mau makahiki. I nā kūlana i hoʻopaʻaʻia (E.g., AerERPPACE), me ka mālama kūpono, Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i 20-30 mau makahiki.