1. Hōʻikeʻike
Keʻano o ke aniani o ka keleawe he manaʻo nui i ka metallirgy, hana ai.uk, a'ikeka.
ʻAʻole like me nā metala maʻemaʻe, he bronze he alloy -ʻO ke kumu o ke keleawe a me ka tin, ʻOiai he nui nā bronzes i kēia manawa, Silikino, nickel, pe phospoprus.
Ma ka hopena, ʻAʻoleʻo Bronzeʻaʻole i ulia i kahi mahana i hoʻokahi mahana akā ma kahi o ka mushy zone ma waena o ka solidus (Hoʻomaka o ka Melting) a me ka wai (molten).
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kūʻokoʻa no nā mīkini hana, Nā Welders, a me nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e hilinaʻi nui ana i ka mana o keʻano kūpono e hōʻoia ai i ke kani, nā'āpana manuahi.
2. He aha ka bronze?
Bronze he ʻO ke koho balota i hoʻohuiʻia Ma ke keleawe (Cu) ʻo ia ka mea nui a me ka tin (Sno) he mea maʻamau ke kālepa mua.
ʻAʻole like me nā metala maʻemaʻe, he bronze he hana waiwai-ʻO ka mīkini, thermal, a me nā mea waiwai e hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia e ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka hoʻohuiʻana a me ka hoʻoiliʻana.
Hiki i nā bronzes o kēia mau bronzes, Silikino, phoshorus, nickel, zinc, a iʻole alakaʻi e hoʻokō i nāʻano hana kiko'ī.
KAHAIAHUI
ʻO Bronzeʻo kekahi o nā alloys mua i kūkuluʻia e nā kānaka, Ke hoʻi nei i ka Bronze makahiki (curca 3300 Kahi).
ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o Tin i loko o ke keleawe i hana nuiʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, e hiki ai i nā mea holomua i loko Nā lako hana, Nā mea kaua, ART, a he'omanaʻo.
I kēia mau lā, Ua loaʻa iā Bronze i nā noi aʻoi aku i nā noi aʻoi aku (kope, Nā Belle) a me ka holomua holomua (AerERPPACE, Marine, a me nā'ōnaehana ikaika).
ʻO ka papa o nā molys bronze
ʻAʻoleʻo Bronzeʻaʻole hoʻokahi alloy a ʻO kaʻohana o nā koho balota Kuhiʻia e kā lākou mau kekona kekona:
- Tin bronzes - CU-SN ALLOYS (maʻamau 5-20% sn), mahalo no ka ikaika, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, a ke lawe nei i nā waiwai.
- Phosphor brons - Tin Bronzes me nā hoʻohui liʻiliʻi o nā phosporus (0.01-0.5%), ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana a me ke kū'ēʻana.
- Ailuninil bronzes - cu-al alloys (5-12% al, pinepine me ka fell a ni), Ke hāʻawi nei i ka ikaika maikaʻi loa a me ka corrosion corrosione.
- ʻO Siliko banzes - me nā alloys (2-4% a), Hoʻohui i ka paleʻana o Corrosiotion me ka hale kūʻai maikaʻi a me ka weldability.
- Alakaʻi i nā bronzes - cu-sn-pb alloys, Ma hea e alakaʻi ai i ka manchinenability a me ka laweʻana i nā waiwai.
- ʻO Nickel-Alminum Bronzes - cu-al-ni-ni-ni-ni-nilys me ke kūʻana o ke kai, hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma ka mokuʻo Shipbuilding.
ʻO nā waiwai nui o ka keleawe
- Puiahuhu: ʻOi aku ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a paʻakikī ma mua o ke keleawe, me ka pale maikaʻi.
- Thermal: Ke alakaʻiʻana i ka thermal, akā haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe ma muli o ka alloying.
- Kekau: Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion, e kū'ē i ke kai, ka hanaʻana i nā bronze indispensible i loko o nā marine a me nāʻoihana maʻamau.
- Acoustic: Nā mea e hiki mai ana, hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea kani, Nā Belle, a me na gongs.
3. ʻO keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā alloys - solidus a me ka wai
No nā allloys, e hele ana ma waena o a ma waena o keʻano:
- ʻO ka wela: Ka mahana haʻahaʻa loa e hoʻomaka ai.
- Wai wela: ʻO ka mahana ma kahi e lilo ai ka alloy.
- Kūʻoleʻina (Nā Mushy Zone): ʻO ka Interval ma waena o Solidus a me nā wai e noho ai a me ka nui o ka cheexist.
4. ʻO ka neʻeʻana i ka maʻamau maʻamau e kaʻohana bronze
No ka mea,ʻaʻoleʻo Bolnze he alloy a me kaʻohana o Nā koho koho balota, ʻO konaʻano hanaʻoluʻolu e like me ka nui ma muli o nā'āpana alloying a me ko lākou mau manaʻo.
Ma kahi o kahi kiko'ī (E like me kaʻikeʻana i nā metala maʻemaʻe), Hōʻikeʻo Bronze A hoʻohemo melū, ho'ākākaʻia e ka Nā Sodia Solidus (Ma kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka melting) A me ka wai (kahi e lilo ai i molten piha).
ʻO ka papaʻaina ma lalo nei e hōʻuluʻulu i nāʻano maʻamau e hoʻomehana ai i nā mea nui no nāʻohana bronze nui:
| Kaʻohana Bonnze | Kūleʻa maʻamau (Wt.%) | Hoʻohemo melū (° C) | Hoʻohemo melū (° F) | Nā Manaʻo koʻikoʻi |
| Tin keleawe | Cu 80-95%, Sn 5-20% | 850-1,020 | 1,560-1,870 | Tin haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa keleawe; Kahiki Sn (>20%) hiki ke alakaʻi i ka brittleness. |
| Phosphor Bronze | Cu 88-94%, SN 5-11%, P 0.01-0.5% | 930-1,050 | 1,710-1,920 | ʻO ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē; Hoʻopili ikiʻo Phosphorus i ka mahana paʻa. |
| Ailunimina bronze | Cu 80-88%, Al 5-12%, Makemake / ma ≤5% | 1,040-1,070 | 1,900-1,960 | 'Olu'āina kiʻekiʻe; ʻO ka ikaika ikaika a me ke kaiʻana o ke kai. |
| Silikino Bronze | Cu 94-96%, A 2-4%, ZN ≤2% | 1,020-1,050 | 1,870-1,920 | Maikaʻi maikaʻi a me ka welolbility; corrosions-resistant. |
| Alakaʻi keleawe | CU 75-90%, SN 5-15%, PB 2-20% | 850-930 | 1,560-1,710 | Alakaʻi i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; ʻO ka Macinalitabilitability a me ka hāʻawiʻana i nā noi. |
| Nickel-alumini bronze | CU 75-85%, Al 8-12%, Ma 3-5%, F 3-5% | 1,050-1,100 | 1,920-2,010 | ʻO ka laulā kiʻekiʻe loa; Kūpono no nā mea kaumaha ma ke kaumaha. |
5. Pehea pehea e hoʻopili ai a me nā alalala a me nā alalala
ʻO keʻano o ke aniani o ka bronze he mea mālama kālā i mālamaʻia e kona kinohi.
Melts colper ma 1,085 ° C (1,985 ° F), Akā i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā mea e like me ka tin, aluminum, Silikino, phoshorus, nickel, a iʻole e alakaʻiʻia, Ua loli nui kaʻano o keʻano.
Kēia mau mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻokiʻekiʻe paha ʻO ka pālule a me nā wai wai e pili ana i ko lākou pilina me ke keleawe.
Hopena o nā mea nui nui
| Mua | ʻO nā mea maʻamau ma ka bronze (Wt.%) | Hopena ma keʻano hoʻohālikelike | Nā leka metallirgical |
| Kū (Sno) | 5-20% | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (i 850-1,020 ° C / 1,560-1,870 ° F). | Hoʻokumu i ka cu-sn etutectic ma ~ 227 ° C ma lalo o ka Malting Colping; sn (>20%) hoʻonui i ka brittleness. |
| Aluminum (AL) | 5-12% | E ho'āla i ka laulā hoʻomehana (1,040-1,070 ° C / 1,900-1,960 ° F). | Puka i nā inmementaycs ikaika me cu; stabilizes; e hoʻonui i ka paleʻana. |
| Silikino (A) | 2-4% | Mālama pono i ka laulā kiʻekiʻe (~ 1,020-1,050 ° C / 1,870-1,920 ° F). | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hale kūʻai a me ka wellingtability; hoʻoikaika paʻa i ka hopena. |
| Phoshorus (P) | 0.01-0.5% | E hoʻolōʻihi i ka mahana paʻa. | Hana e like me ka deoxidizer i ka wā o ka holoiʻana; hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pale a me kaʻehaʻeha. |
Nickel (I) |
1-5% | Hoʻonui i ka loli haʻahaʻa (~ 10-20 ° C). | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion a me ka paʻakikī; Ua paʻa pinepineʻia me Aluminim ma Nickel-Alminum Bronzes. |
| Alakaʻi (Pb) | 2-20% | Nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (iho i lalo o 850-930 ° C / 1,560-1,17 ° F). | Ke alakaʻi i loko o cu, nā mea palupalu palupalu; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka manika akā hōʻemi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe. |
| Zinc (Zn) | 1-5% (i kekahi manawa hou aku i nā silicon bronzes) | Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. | Hoʻonui i ka wai i ka wā o ke kauʻana; ʻO ka nui o Zn e pili ana i nā waiwai keleawe e like me nā waiwai. |
Nā hui hoʻohuihui a me nā hopena microstructural
- ʻO ka hoʻokumuʻana o Eetuctic (Cu-sn, Cu -pb): Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hopena ma ka pālahalaha pālahalaha.
- Nā mea hoʻohui pūnaewele (Me -, Me ia): E hoʻonui ana i nā wela ma keʻano a me ka hana ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
- Hoʻoikaika paʻa (Me -a, Me ia): Mālama i nā keʻena haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka ductility a me ke kū'ēʻana.
6. Nā microstructure a me nā hopena hoʻoili
ʻOiaiʻo keʻano o keʻano o ke kumumanaʻo ka mea nui loa i ka hoʻoholoʻana i keʻano o ka bronze, Nā Moku'āina Microstructural and ka hoʻoiliʻana i ka mōʻaukala E pāʻani pū i kahi mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi.
ʻO kēia mau mea e hoʻoikaika ai i nāʻano hoʻololi o nā loli i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻololi i nā wahi kūponoʻole.
Nā Moku'āina Microstructural: Ka nui o ka palaoa a me ka nui
- Ka nui o ka palaoa: ʻO ka bronze maikaʻi maikaʻi (palaoa palaoa <10 }m) hōʻike pinepineʻia kahi mahana paʻa ~ 5-10 ° C haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka bronze (>50 }m).
ʻO kēia no ka mea maikaʻi loa nā Grain Spins e hōʻike i kahi palena palena nui, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale aiʻo atomic diffision e hoʻopau i ka memo kūloko. - Phase segregeation: I loko o nā alloys alloys (E.g., A + b bronze e like me c61400), ʻO ka hanaʻoleʻole e weheʻoleʻia ai ka waiwai o ka lole.
β-nā wahi nui e hoʻomaka ai e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma ~ 1,050 ° C, ʻOiai e hoʻomau mau anaʻo α-phase a hiki i ka ~ 1,130 ° C. ʻO kēia mau'āpana i ka neʻeʻana o ka neʻeʻana ma o 10-20 ° C. - Hōʻike Hōʻailona: ʻO ke anuanu i hana i ka bonze phspor bonze (C52100) hoʻomohala pinepine i nā huapalapala maikaʻi ma mua o kona mau mea.
I ka wā o ka hoʻopiʻiʻana, Hōʻikeʻo Cold-hana C52100 i kahi mea paʻa kokoke 930 ° C, Hoʻohālikelike iā ~ 950 ° C no ka laweʻana i nā mea e koi ai i nā mea e koi ai i ka mana o keʻano.
Ka hoʻoiliʻana i ka mōʻaukala: Nā Kūlana Thermal a me ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana
- Tin Vaporization (WELDING / Kāwili): Ka hōʻike lōʻihi ma luna o ~ 1,100 ° C hikiʻole iā CNOPOROZE TIN, ʻOiaiʻo kāna wahi kiʻekiʻe (2,270 ° C).
ʻo kahi laʻana, ho'ō hipa c92200 bronze (10% Sno) a 1,200 ° C no hoʻokahi hola hiki ke hōʻemi i nāʻike o SN e 1-2%, Ke hoʻololi nei i kāna wahi i luna mai ~ 1,020 ° C e ~ 1,030 ° C. - ʻO ka hana wela (Ke kuhikuhi / homogenization): ʻO keʻano hoʻohālikelike ma ka 600-800 ° C (Ma lalo o Solididus) hoʻolaha i kaʻokoʻa a hōʻemi i ka microsegragation.
Hoʻopili kēia i keʻano o ke aniani ma ka 5-15 ° C. ʻo kahi laʻana, C92700 (15% Sno) anneed ma 700 ° C e hōʻike ana i kahiʻano o ka papa o 880-1,030 ° C, Hoʻohālikelike iā 880-1,050 ° C i ka moku'āina e pili ana. - Hualoaila: ʻO ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki (E.g., Chin Nūho) hana i nā mea hana maikaʻi loa a me nā mea'ē aʻe o ka papa, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka hopena o keʻano o keʻano o keʻano maʻamau.
E hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana, Ke hoʻonui nei i ka hoʻohemoʻana.
7. ʻO ka hana hanaʻoihana pūnaewele o ka manina o keʻano o ke keleawe
ʻO ka mana kūpono o keʻano o keʻano o ka colnze non-negoniable I ka hanaʻana.
Oia hoi a 10 ° C i hoʻokaʻawale mai ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka hāʻawiʻana i ka hapalua, Ma kahi o ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana i ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana, ʻO keʻano o nā mea'ē aʻe, a iʻole nā mea hōʻeha microstructural.
ʻO nā mea e like me ka hapa nui loa-Kauhi, Welding, a me nā wela wela-ʻO ka nui loa ma kaʻike pololei o ka puka aniani-colorus.
Kauhi: ʻO keʻano kaulike a me keʻano kūpono
Ke kāʻili nei, Pono e ho'ālaʻiaʻo Bronze ma luna o kāna wai wai e 50-100 ° C E hoʻokō pono i ka lawa pono no ka hoʻopiha pihaʻana, ʻOiai e pale ana i ka nui o ka nui o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka oxidation (ka hoʻokumuʻana) a iʻole ka hanaʻana o nā'āpana alloying collatile e like me ke alakaʻi a me ka tin.
| Ke kahua nei | Kihi Bron | Hoʻohemo melū (° C) | Ka nininiʻana (° C) | Pono ke koi | Ke kī nui |
| Sand cread (Nā kīwaha) | C92700 (15% Sno) | 880-1,050 | 950-1,100 | Kūpono (Nā'āpana ākea) | Nā hemahema o nā huapalapala i hōʻemiʻia e ~ 35% |
| Hoʻolei kālā (Kāhele) | C90700 (5% Pb) | 900-980 | 950-1,050 | High (nā pāʻili <3 mm) | >95% ʻO ka hoʻopihaʻana i ka hua |
| Hoolei Make (Nā'Āpana Po'ī) | C52100 (0.3% P) | 930-1,030 | 1,000-1,100 | High (ʻO nāʻano paʻakikī) | ʻO Mososity Miner; Ua hoʻomaikaʻiʻia ka hana uila uila |
Palapala nui: No ke alakaʻiʻana iā Bronze C90700, ninini ma lalo nei 950 ° C hopena i poino (nā hale nohoʻole), oiai maluna 1,050 ° C C Alana o ke alakaʻi nui ma mua 1%, ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka marlinchebility a hana i ka pososity space.
Welding: Hōʻalo i ka haunaele a me ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana
Ponoʻo Bronze i nāʻano ma lalo o ka waihoʻoluʻu e pale ai i keʻano o ka metal meet, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā metala fluler me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka pae base.
- Tig welding (ʻO nā mea alohaʻo Marine): E hoʻohana i nā mea hao C92200 (10% Sno, 920-1020 ° CLL CNLTING RAND) me ka f93200 filler (5% Sno, 880-980 ° CLY RANTER RAND).
Preheat i 200-300 ° C a mālama i ka mahana waiʻauʻau ma 900-950 ° C (ma waena o nā meaʻona a me ke kumu stidus) E pale i nā hemahema. - Mohaihala (Nā'Āpana Pūnaewele): E hoʻohana i kahi FIPPER-PLASPORPORUS FLULE (Me-5% p, melting ma 714-800 ° C) me c51000 phosphor bonze (970-1070).
Wela i ka 750-800 ° C-Filler Melts i ka wā e noho mau ana ka mea hao, pale aku i ka hūnā.
ʻO keʻano hanaʻole: Ma luna o ka c92200 i ka wā o Tig Welding (keka ao >1020° C) kumu o ka tin vaporization (2% SN Loss), ka hoʻemiʻana i ka ikaika o ka 25% a hoʻonui i ka corrosione i ka mea i loko o ke kai.
ʻO ka hana wela: E hoʻoikaika me ka leʻaleʻaʻole
Ua kaupalenaʻia nā wela wela wela i nā ma lalo o ka solidus e pale aku i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana a me nā pōʻino o nā microstructural:
- Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu (Ailunimina bronze): C63000 (15% AL, 1080-1200 ° CLY CLLING RANT) he anneed ma 800-900 ° C e wehe i ka wehe β-phase i loko o α-phase, hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nāʻano (Hoʻonui mai ka engartion mai 10% i 30%).
- ʻEhā (Phosphor Bronze): C52100 (0.3% P) he makahiki i 400-500 ° C (ma lalo o kāna 930 ° C Solidius) E hōʻoia i ka cu₃p, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka ikaika trinsile mai 450 Mpa i 550 Mpa.
8. ʻO nā hana hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka uila o ka bronze
ʻO ke ana kūpono o ke anaʻana o ka papa o ka bronze e pono ai keʻano o nā mea hana a iʻole nā hanaʻenehana a iʻole nāʻano hana hana.
ʻO ka carnametyʻokoʻaʻokoʻa (Dsc)
- Kahi Kahua: Ana ana i ka wai wela i loko o kahi i loko o kahi o 5-10 mg bronze e like me ka mea i hoʻomehanaʻia ma 10 ° C / min.
ʻIkeʻia ka mea paʻa e like me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hoʻopauʻana i ka wela wela; ʻO ka wai wai ka hopena o ka hopena. - 'Clelo pololei: ± 1-2 ° 100 no Solid / wai; Kūpono no ka nānāʻana i nā mea hou bronze hou (E.g., nā helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka inuʻana i nā mea inu wai) E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokōʻana me Astm B505.
- Hoʻoloholo: DSC kiko'ī o C61400 (10% AL) hōʻoia i kahi solidus o 1050 ° C a me ka wai o 1130 ° C-S-Science no ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i nā wela.
ʻO ka pā'ālua kiʻekiʻe
- Kahi Kahua: ʻO ka 1-5 g bronze sample e ho'ālaʻia i loko o kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi me kahi thermocouple i hoʻokomo pololeiʻia i loko o ka sample.
ʻO ka solidus ka mahana i ka wā o nāʻano wai mua; ʻO ka wai wai i ka wā e pau ai ka hoʻohālike. - 'Clelo pololei: ± 5-10 ° C; He kūpono no ka mana o kaʻoihana (E.g., E hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻokūkū batch o keʻano he bronze i alakaʻiʻia no nā mea kaua).
- Pono: Squulates i nā kūlana mālama maoli, ka heluʻana no nā hopena kūponoʻole e halaʻole dsc.
Ka loiloi gravimtric (Tga)
- Kahi Kahua: Ke anaʻana o ka nalowale nui o kahi bronze simple i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai.
ʻO Tin a alakaʻi paha i ka Vapoirasization e hana i ka nalowale nui ma luna o kā lākou mau pahuhopu, akāʻo ka oneset o Melting e hōʻikeʻia e kahi loli nui (Ma muli o kaʻaeʻana) ka hoʻopiliʻana me ka solidus. - 'Clelo pololei: ± 3-5 ° C no Solidus; Hoʻohana pinepineʻia me DSC e hele i kaʻikepili i hoʻopaʻaʻia.
- Noi: E aʻo ana i ka tin vin vapoirasization ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (C92700) e hoʻopili i ka nānāʻana i nā manawa paʻa (ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka sn pross i <0.5%).
9. ʻO nā kuhi maʻamau maʻamau e pili ana i keʻano o ka bronze
ʻOiai ke koʻikoʻi o kaʻoihana, Ua kuhi pinepineʻia nāʻano o Bronze. Ma lalo nei he kī nui:
ʻO "Balnze kahi manawa paʻa e like me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe e like me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe."
Wahahee: ʻO nā lole keleawe maʻemaʻe ma 1083 ° C (paʻaʻia), akā, he bronze-an alloy-he merting range.
ʻo kahi laʻana, C92200 Tin Bronze Mellor Melts ma waena o 920 ° C a me 1020 ° C, ʻaʻole ma keʻano hoʻokahi.
"E hoʻohui hou ana i nā tin i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o Bronze."
Kahiʻoiaʻiʻo: Tin ihe a hiki i 15% hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka paeʻana (mai 1083 ° C no ka CU ma mua o 880-1050 ° C no 15% Sno), akā ma luna 15% Sno, brise Δ-phase (Cuc₃sn) Nā Palapala Kūlana, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka neʻeʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana a me ka liʻiliʻi e hāpai i ka wai.
"E alakaʻi mau ana ke alakaʻi no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i nā'āpana o Bronze."
Wahahee: Alakaʻi i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu akā ke kumu i ka pōkole wela (Brittleness ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe) ina >5% Pb.
Ke alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe-alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe (C90700, 5% Pb) ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ma nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe (E.g., Nā'āpana huluhulu) Ma muli o ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka pilikia.
"Ua kūpaʻa nā Balnzes a pau inā he hoʻomehanaʻia i kā lākouʻano hoʻoheheʻe."
Wahahee: ʻO ka undering calnze ma luna o kāna mea wai e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ke kumu o keʻano metal meting a me ka nalowaleʻana (Tin Vaporization).
Ponoʻo Bron.
10. O ka kūlana, 'Āke, a me ka holo ana
'Ōlelo ʻO keʻano o keʻano o ka bronze he manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi loa mai kona wahi i weheweheʻia e ka puka aniani i weheweheʻia e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea hana hoʻohālikelike e hōʻoia ai i ka hana hana, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
Nā hemahema maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻohuiʻana
Seggabation a me Microstructural Inhomogeneity
- Kumu: Lohi a hoʻomālamalama i nā'āpana ākea (E.g., ʻO Gro Bronzes kiʻekiʻe) alakaʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o Tin a alakaʻi paha i nā palena palaoa.
- Hopena: Hoʻemiʻia ka paʻakikī, intergranur corrositional resrositibility.
- Hoʻoloholo: Iloko o c92700 (15% Sno), ʻO ka nui o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o Β.
ʻO nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā'āpana shnin
- Kumu: E ninini ana ma luna o ka superheat superheat (> wai + 100 ° C) Hoʻonui i ka oxidation a me nā wai wai.
- Hopena: Hoʻemi ka pousty i ke ola momona e hiki mai ana 40%.
- Hoʻoloholo: Ua alakaʻiʻiaʻo Bronze Collze C90700 i nā hana hana inā nininiʻia >1,080 ° C ma muli o ke alakaʻiʻana i ka vaporization.
Kāle Uhiʻi (Kūlike)
- Kumu: Nā mea paʻa paʻa i nā neʻeʻana i kekahi mau alloys (E.g., Me - Bronzes) e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i nā kaumaha i ka momona i ka wā hoʻomaha.
- Hopena: Hoʻomaka nā mea i nā palena i nā palena palaoa, ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nāʻano kūlike.
ʻO ka liloʻana a me ka nalowaleʻana
- Kumu: Ka hoʻolaha hoʻolaha >1,100 ° C CENSE SUSAS TIN VIPORIZE (~-2% i kēlā me kēia hola) a alakaʻi i ka nalowale i nā bronzes i alakaʻiʻia.
- Hopena: Ikaika ikaika, ʻilihune mākeke, a hoʻonuiʻiaʻo Brittleness.
ʻO ke kī nui:
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hemahema i hiki i nā mea hana Bronzeʻaʻole e kū mai ke kohoʻana i kohoʻia kaohi ponoʻana i keʻano wela i ka wā o ka holoiʻana a me ka nininiʻana.
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana Hoʻolālā Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai, alloy optimization, and ʻO nā hana nānā loiloi holomua, Hiki ke hōʻemiʻia nā hana hewa e like me nā mea hou aku 70%.
11. Nā Hō'īʻo: Haʻahaʻa-alakaʻi a me ka hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻana
Ke holo nei kaʻenehana Bronze e hālāwai me nā'ōnaehana kūlohelohe a me nā hana holomua holomua, me nā manaʻo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mua:
Haʻahaʻa-alakaʻi a alakaʻi-alakaʻi-manuahi
- Kāhea: Nā hoʻoponopono kūlohelohe (E.g., Kekuhi'ōleloʻo Kaleponi 65, I rohs) Ke alakaʻi nei i ke alakaʻiʻana i ka inu wai wai a me nā wahi e pili ana i nā meaʻai.
- Hoʻololiʻo Melting Round: Ke hoʻololiʻana me ka bismuth (Bi) a iʻole silika (A) pono e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana i ka mika-bismhet i ka waihoʻoluʻu e ka wai e ~ 10 ° C per 1% Bi, Akāʻo Bill CHER CHANESTINGS.
- Hopena: C90800 (Me-10% sn-2% bi) Loaʻa iā 920-1000 ° CLY RAMING RAND, ʻO ke kūlike o ka coaver i alakaʻiʻia i ka wā o ke kauʻana i ka wā e hālāwai me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
Mea hoʻohuiʻaha (3D Pai)
- Kāhea: Nā geomet paʻakikī (E.g., Nā Pōhaku Colla) ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokōʻia.
- Hoʻololiʻo Melting Round: ʻO ka hulu manu moe (Pbf) koi pono i ka mana pololei o ka mahana o Laser (ma luna o ka wai wai no ka hoʻomālamalama piha, ma lalo no ka hanaʻana).
- Hopena: No ka C52100 phosphor bronze pbf, E hoʻohana i kahi mahana o ka laser o 1050-1100 ° C (wai + 20-70 ° C) No ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka waihoʻana o ka waihoʻana me kaʻole o ka tin vaporization.
12. Hopena
'Ōlelo Malting Point o ke keleawe ua maopopo loa ia e like me Ua weheweheʻia ka melting round e ka ikaika a me nā wela wai.
Hoʻopiliʻia kēiaʻano e ka mea hoʻohui hoʻohui, moloka, a me nā haumia, a me nā governs pololei pehea kiola, welded, a me ka wela.
E makaʻala pono i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻana a me ka nininiʻana i nā mahana e hōʻoia i nāʻano hana manuahi, Ke ola nei ka lawelawe lawelawe, a hōʻemi i nā uku.
Ma ka hoʻopiliʻana i kaʻike kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi me kaʻikeʻike pono, Hiki i nā mea hana a me nā mea hana ke hana piha i ka hanaʻana i keʻano o ka bronze aʻo ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā pilikia ma ka hanaʻana.
FaqS
He aha kaʻano o keʻano o ka balnze i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā mea kūʻai aku o nā mea kūʻai aku?
Hoʻohana pinepine nā meaʻike i nā mea hana ma ka c92200 eval tin bronze (10% Sno) a iʻole c61400 adium-alumini bronze (10% AL).
C92200 Melts ma 920-1020 ° C, ʻOiaiʻo C61400 i nā Melts ma 1050-1130 ° C. Ua makemakeʻo Aluminim bronze no nā mea waiwai nui aʻe ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Pehea e pili ai i ke alakaʻi alakaʻi i keʻano o ke aniani o ka bronze?
Alakaʻi i nā hana e like me keʻano o keʻano ma lalo o keʻano 1% hoʻonui i ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wai e ~ 15 ° C.
ʻo kahi laʻana, C90300 (2% Pb) he wai wai 100, oiai c90700 (5% Pb) He wai wai o 980 ° 100.
Akā naʻe,, alakaʻi >5% e hōʻeha i ka pōkole wela, e hana ana i ka bronze brittle ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki iaʻu ke weld bronze me keʻano like me ke kila?
ʻAʻole. Kukui Kekuhi (E.g., A36) melts ma 1425-1538 ° C, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka keleawe.
ʻO ka Welding C92200 Tin Bronze e koi i kahi wela o 950 ° C (Ma lalo o kāna mau 1020 ° 100) e pale aku i ka tin vin stiporization a me ke kumu hao hao.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā wela o ke kauʻana i nā wela wela e luku ai i ka keleawe.
Pehea wau e ana ai i keʻano o ke aniani o ka bronze i loko o kahi loaʻa?
E hoʻohana i kahiʻano kiʻekiʻe o keʻano o ka hana me keʻano o kahi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a me ke k-type thermocouple.
Wela a 5 g chnze sample ma 5 ° C / min, ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka mahana i ka wā o nāʻano wai mua (Nā Sodia Solidus) A i ka wā i molten (wai).
Loaʻa kēiaʻano hana ± 5-10 ° C pololei, lawa no ka mana o ka batch maikaʻi.
No ke aha e loaʻa ai kahi bronze bronze i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka tin bronze?
Nā Koho Alumini i nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (E.g., Cu -al, Melting ma 1037 ° C) me ke keleawe, e hoala ana i ka mea ikaika a me ka wai.
Kū, Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, hana i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi ducle ductile me ke keleawe, ka haʻaleleʻana i nā mea paʻa a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu. ʻo kahi laʻana, 10% al ma bronze e ho'āla i ka wai wai e ~ 100 ° C vs. 10% Sno.
