He aha ka silica sult nalowale shop casting?

1. Hōʻikeʻike:

I loko o nā mea hana o ka hana o nā hui kahiko, nalowale-wax casting ua ulu nui, mai nā colnze counds of antiquity i nā'āpana Aerospace-papa o nā mea i kēia lā.

ʻOiaiʻo nā loina o nā mea lawe moku o ka showertal ma o kahi i noho ai ka wax prototype, ʻO nā kaʻina hana a me nā lako e pili ana i ka hoʻololiʻana i kahi hoʻololi e hōʻike ana i ka hanaʻenehana hou.

I waena o nā innovations e lawe ana i kēia evolution, Silca Sowass Insteme Hoʻohanohano kū i mua o kahi holomua kiʻekiʻe.

Leveraging colloidal silica silica, Ua hoʻonuiʻia kēiaʻano hana i ka maikaʻi, dimensional pololei, a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-a pau ke hoʻolahaʻana i keʻano o ke kaiāulu.

E koi ana i nāʻoihana e koi i nā mea paʻakikī a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, Ua liloʻo Silica Sol Cateing i keʻano o ke kohoʻana no ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea hana paʻa a me keʻano metallirgical a me keʻano o ka nui o nā noi.

2. He aha ka silica sult nalowale shop casting

ʻO Silica So SiliL Ua nalowaleʻo Wax Casting Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai Ke kaʻina hana e hoʻohana ai i ka Silital Silica ma keʻano he kumu mua ma ka mokuahi conder.

Hoʻopili kēiaʻano hana i ka pololei o keʻano o ka wana i hala aku nei i ka wanaʻae, kahi paʻa paʻaʻana o Silicon Dioxide Dioxide (Sio₂) Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia nā Nanoport i ka wai.

ʻAʻole like me nā mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū e like me ke aniani wai (silika sodium) a iʻole etyl silitate, Hāʻawiʻo Silica Sol i nā mea kūpono loa, paulapua, a me ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.

He kūpono kūpono no nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe i ka aerospace, olakino, a me nā palapala noi.

ʻO ka mea e hana aiʻo Silica Souc kūikawā?

'Ōlelo Silica Slivers no ka Nano-saized Amorphous Silikia Silikia (maʻamau 10-20 nm) ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i ka wai.

Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā'ōnaehana kikowaena'ē aʻe (E like me Sodium Silcicate a iʻole phosphate), Hāʻawi nā SILUIA STIL:

• Dimensional pololei: Loaʻa i nā mea i loaʻa i nā ± 0.1-0.2% o nā dimensions laina, e kūlike me ISO 8062 Ct4 - ct6 Nā Kūlana no nā'āpana liʻiliʻi-a-medium-sized.
• Paulapua: ʻO keʻano maʻamau (Ra) nā wahi mai 1.6-3.2 μm, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka RA 12.5-25 μM maʻamau i loko o ke one a iʻole ka wai aniani wai.
• Ikaika a me ka ikaika: ʻO ka Bilica Sol Cinder Accounts i nā mea i loaʻa i nā'ōmaʻomaʻo, me ka paleʻana o ka thermal 1300 ° C.

3. Ke kaʻina hana neiʻo Core: Mai ka wax i nā mea hao

ʻO Silica Sol Captoryʻo kahi hana hana lehulehu i hoʻolālāʻia e hoʻololi i kahi kane recLIPA i a ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho kālā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ka pololei loa.

ʻO kēlā me kēia pae he koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i ka dimensional pololei, Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai, and kūlohelohe kūmole koiʻia e nāʻoihana holomua e like me Aerospace, Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele, a me nā'ōnaehana ikaika.

E hele kākou i kēlā me kēia papa o ke kaʻina hana ma keʻano:

Wax kumu hoʻohālike

Hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi ma ka hanaʻana a wax move o ka hapa hope. Hoʻohana pinepineʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona Ke kuhiʻana i ka molten pale i loko o kahi alumini make, Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hoʻoponopono houʻana o ka geometry makemake.

• Mea maʻamau I nā hiʻohiʻona Wax: ±,05 mm
• ʻO ka loaʻaʻana o Wax shlakintation: Ua heluʻia no ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka moder
• Hiki i ka mākaukau Batch: Hiki i kekahi lāʻau Wax ke lawe i nā'āpana 30-100 ma muli o ka nui

Ua'ākoakoaʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā hana maʻamau ma kahi Keena Wax strou, Ke hana nei i kahi "lāʻau" e hiki ai i ka manawa like o ka hoʻopiliʻana i kekahi mau'āpana.

ʻO ka haleʻo Silica Sol Slurry

Ua hoʻopiliʻia nā lāʻau hele i loko o kahi smule slurry, i hakuʻia ʻO ka mea kūʻai akuʻo Kolloidal Silica a me nā'āpana hoihoi maikaʻi e like me Zircon flour.

Ua ukaliʻia kēlā me kēia dip ma kahi papa o stuccoing, kahi i hoʻopiliʻia ai nā bricars chensrier e kūkulu i ka ikaika.

• Nā Kukulu Kūʻai: 6 i 10 nā papa
• ʻO ka wā maloʻo ma kēlā me kēia: 4 i 6 Nā hola hola
• ʻO ka mānoanoa hope: 7-15 mm, Ke hilinaʻi nei i keʻano metala a me ka nui o ke kauʻana

Ua hana houʻia kēia hana a hiki i kahi paʻa, Hoʻokumuʻia kaʻili o ka wela. Kaʻiʻikeʻaʻa (oihana 22-28 ° C, RH < 50%) he mea nui e pale aku ai i ka wahīʻana a iʻole ka delamination.

Dewaxing the shell

I ka wā i maloʻo piha ai kaʻili, Ua kauʻia ka hui holoʻokoʻa hoomoana, kahi hana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻokumuʻana.

ʻO keʻano maʻamau Steam Autoclavlage, kahi e hele ai ka nui (maʻamau 7-10 bar) melts a me nā drains i waho o ka wax.

• Keka ao: 160-180 ° C
• Wa: 20-30 mau minuke
• Wax reper first: A i 90% recyclable

Hoʻopilikia kēia kaʻina hana i ka wax maʻemaʻe me kaʻole o ka hōʻinoʻana i kaʻili cramile fragilit.

ʻO ka pīpī a me ka preheat

Ma hope o ka dewaxing, Ua kiʻiʻia ka mea i loko o kahi umu kuni i ke koena o ke koena, hoʻohuli i kaʻili, a hoʻomākaukau iā ia no ke kāheaʻana.

• ʻO ka wela-kiʻekiʻe: 400-600 ° C
• Soak ma Peak: 1000-1100 ° C no 2-4 mau hola
• Nā hopena: E hoʻoikaika i kaʻili, hoʻonui i ke kū'ēʻana

Ke hoʻololi hou nei i ka silica gilica i loko nā hana āpau o Crystallline (E like me Cristobalite), Hoʻopili i kaʻili a me ke kūpaʻaʻana o keʻano.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana a me ka nininiʻana

Ka she she she, wela wela, piha i ka metala molten. Ua hanaʻia ma ka ʻO nā mea hoʻomaha a iʻole nā ​​mea kanu, Ke hilinaʻi nei i keʻano alloy.

Pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻaʻia nā pae superheat e hōʻoia i ke kahe kūpono a me ka hoʻoponopono.

ʻAno	ʻAiʻia Temp	Superhaeat
Kila kohu ʻole	1510-1550 ° C	60-80 ° C
Actoel	1380-1420 ° C	20-40 ° C
Aluminum	690-740 ° C	30-50 ° C

Shell wehe a hoʻopau

ʻO ka manawa a me nā mea maʻalahi a me nā hoʻomaha, ʻO kaʻili o ka ceremic ua wāwahi i ka hoʻohanaʻana viguration, ʻO nā lole wai kiʻekiʻe, a iʻole he brit.

Ma hope o ka hemoʻana, Uaʻokiʻia nā spies a me nā puka, a hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia ka paleʻana a hoʻopau.

Nā hana maʻamau:

• Pana pua
• ʻO ka hana wela (E.g., Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu)
• CNC Mīkini (Inā makemakeʻia)
• Storitation storivation a iʻole pāpale

Silica Sili Paʻa nalowale Wax Kimiʻana i nā wikiō hoʻomohala hope piha >>

4. Nā mea waiwai, Nohāohalua, a me nā hoʻohui: E hanaʻia no ka hana

I loko o Sillica Sol Incingment Canding, ʻO kaʻepekemaʻepekema e pāʻani ana i kahi kikowaena waena I ka hoʻokōʻana i ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, durability, a me ke kūpono kūpono.

ʻO kēlā me kēia māhele o ka pūnāwai-mai ka Silica Slivers i na Nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā hoʻohui-ʻO ke koho ponoʻia a me kaʻenehana e like me ka ikaika loa, Kekau, a me nā kūlana hana.

E wāwahi mākou i nā'āpana koʻikoʻi a me kā lākou hāʻawi i ka hana.

Silica Sol Binder -ʻo keʻano o kaʻili o ka ceamic

I ka puʻuwai o ke kaʻina Silica Slivers, ʻO kahi squipsion collidal stable o nano-sigid amorphous silica (maʻamau 10-20 nm) ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i loko o ka wai.

Hāʻawi kēia pale i ka ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana No ka pue cemic.

Nā mea koʻikoʻi o Silica Sol:

Waiwai	Waiwai maʻamau
Sio₂ Hoʻopā	30-40% ma ke kaumaha
HH L 2	9.0-10.5
ʻO ka laulā nui	10-20 nm
Viscosity	5-15 cp
Nāʻike pili Silica	< 0.1% (pono no ka palekana)

Nā pōmaikaʻi hana:

• Maikaʻi loa: Hoʻomoe i ka hana i luna a hiki i 1600 ° C
• Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei dimensional
• Maikaʻi maikaʻi: hoʻonui i ka slurry slurry e hoʻopili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona wax
• ʻO ka palekana palekana: wai-pili, nā leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

Nā kiʻi restivators - ka ikaika ikaika a me ka pale wela

Ua hui pūʻia ka Silica Sol me ʻO nā mea hoʻoponopono hou e hana i ka slurry e kapa i ke kumu kūʻai wax.

ʻO kēia mau mea wehewehe i kaʻili Ke kū'ē nei, 'Oiʻai lāʻau, a me ka ikaika ikaika.

ʻO nā mea hou a me nā resup maʻamau:

Waiwai	Hana	Hoʻohana maʻamau
Zircon flour	Pio ke mau kapa prime	ʻO ka paleʻana i ke kāʻeiʻana, pau loa
Nā Alluna	Nā Kūlana Lohi	Ke kū'ēʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ka waiwai
ʻO Silica Silica	Kukui kukui	ʻO ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa

ʻO Rheology Modifiers & ʻO nā hui holoi holoi - Slurry kūpaʻa

E mālama i ka hana a me ka hana i ka wā o ka haleʻo Shell, Nā mea hana e hoʻohui ai Hoʻohui i loko o ka Silica Sol Slurry.

Hoʻokomoʻia nā mea hoʻohui nui:

• ʻO Rheology Modifiers: Hoʻoponopono i ka viscosity e pale ai i ka sedimentation slirry (E.g., bentonite, ʻO ka pālolo Attapulgite)
• Nā hui holoi: E hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe a me ka adhesion o ka slurry i ka wax (E.g., nā meaʻonaʻole)
• PH stabilizers: E hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa colloid ma mua o ka manawa
• Biocides: Hoʻopili i ka uluʻana o ka Microbal

ʻO Wax a me nā mea hoʻohālike - kūpono a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Nā hiʻohiʻona wax iā lākou iho he pono paʻa paʻa, haʻahaʻa-liʻiliʻi, a pili paha Me ka silica solind ginder'ōnaehana. Hanaʻia nā waxes maʻamau mai kahi hui o:

• Paraffin
• Micrrystalliselline wax
• Rein moder

Ash access pono ma lalo 0.05% Hōʻalo i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻO Polystyrene (Eps) hoʻohanaʻia no nā geometries nui a iʻole nā ​​geomet, e koi ana i ka dewaxingʻokoʻa a me nā noʻonoʻo.

ʻO nā kākāla lua a me ka hoʻolālāʻana

Ua kūkuluʻia ka mea hana ma nā pae, me Nā mea likeʻole i hoʻohanaʻia no nā'āpana likeʻole:

• Pio ke mau kapa prime: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe-laki a iʻole alumina a me ka alumina me ka nui (~ 1-10 μm) No keʻano kiʻekiʻe
• Nā lole waena: Hoʻopili i nā zircon a me nā alluna no ka ikaika kaulike a me ka pāpālua
• Nā Kāpana Huli: ʻO ka alumina a me ka silica silica (~ 50-75 μm) No ke kākoʻoʻana

Hoʻolālāʻia ka hoʻolālā kikowaena e koho ʻO ka'ōlelo hōʻino, ʻO nā mea maʻi maʻi, and ka ikaika ikaika me ka hōʻoleʻoleʻana i ka foidity.

5. ʻO ka dimensional pololei a me ka honua

I nā hana hana kiʻekiʻe-e like me ka aerospace, Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele, a me nā mīkini hana-hui muaʻana and paulapua ʻaʻole wale nā ​​metrics maikaʻi, Akā nā mea hoʻokele hana pono.

Silica Sol nalowale nalowale, kaulana pū kekahi e like me ka hoʻopiʻiʻana i ka hoʻopiʻiʻana, hāʻawi i nā hopena kūʻokoʻa i nā heluʻelua, Hoʻopaʻa i nā'āpana likeʻole-Net-Net.

Hui muaʻana: Hoʻokō i nā mea hana me ka hilinaʻi

Silica Sol cilica e mālama pinepine ana nā mea i loko o ka iso it7-it9, ʻO keʻano nui o ke kaʻaʻana o ke one ma mua a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona cnc-machid.

Nui loa kēia ma muli o ke kaʻina hana a ke kaʻina hana maikaʻi loa mai ka wax kumu i kaʻaoʻao hope loa, adad e ka haʻahaʻa-shlancage, ka silica silica silica sad shell.

Nā mea hana maʻamau:

ʻAno hiʻohiʻona	ʻO nā wahi kūpono
Nā lālā linear	± 0.1% a ± 0.2% o ka nui nominal
Flackness & puni	± 0.1 mm no nā hiʻohiʻona <100 mm
ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa	1.5 - 2.5 mm (Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka alloy a me ka paʻakikī)
ʻO ISO Ka helu helu helu	IT7 to IT9

Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai: E ka hana no ka maʻalahi a me ka kiko'ī

Ma waho aʻe o ka dimeional, paulapua he weheweheʻana i keʻano o Silica Sol Counding.

Mahalo i ka nui o ka pākaukau o ka Binder a me ka hoʻohanaʻana o ʻO Zircon kiʻekiʻe a iʻole ahuna ma ke kapaʻo Prime, hoʻokō Silica Sol hoʻokipa ʻOluʻolu maikaʻi, kiko'ī kiko'ī, a me nā hewa liʻiliʻi.

ʻO nā kumuwaiwai ākea maʻamau:

ʻAnoʻano	Ka paakiki (Ra)
Silica Slover	0.4 - 1.6 }m
Sand cread	6.3 - 25 }m
Pau	0.8 - 1.6 }m

6. Ke kaʻina hanaʻana, Nānā, a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi

'Oʻoiaʻiʻo E hana hou i ka maikaʻi a me ka pololei I ka Silica Sol Wax Wax Casting e koi i ka mana o ke kaʻina hana ikaika a me nā protocols nānā.

Mai ka hōʻikeʻana i ka loiloi hope loa i ka loiloi, ʻO nā mea hana e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi'ōnaehana hōʻoia kūpono kūpono e pili ana i nā'ōleloʻelua Hoʻololi hoʻololi and Huapono huahana Cocucman.

Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana: Hoʻomaka ka pololei ma ke kumu

Hoʻomaka ka mana kūpono kūpono me ka ʻO ka hoʻokele ikaika o nāʻano otstream. ʻO ka SIRE SILICA CHARTING kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā hana kūpono kūpono, kēlā me kēia me kāna mau'āpana koʻikoʻi.

Ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻomau ma mua o kēia mau hana e pono ai no ka hoʻokōʻana i nā hopena kūlike.

Hoʻokomoʻia nā kumuwaiwai koʻikoʻi nui:

• Slurry viscosity: Mālamaʻia ma waena o 10-15 CP e hōʻoia i ka uhiʻana i ka lole
• ʻO ka wā maloʻo: Nānā i kēlā me kēia papa (maʻamau 8-24 mau hola) I mea e pale ai i kaʻili
• Hāliu: Anaʻia ma hope o kēlā me kēia dip (Nā Kūlana Kūlana: 5-10 MM Fail ma waena o 6-9 mau'āpana)
• Kaumaha Burnohohalua: Ua kāohi ponoʻia i ka 950-1050 ° C e wehe i nā koena wax
• Ka nininiʻana: Mālamaʻia i loko o ± 10 ° C o ka pahuhopu e pale aku ai i nā pōʻino a iʻole nā ​​waimaka wela

Ke nānā nei kēia mau'āpana i ka hoʻohanaʻana Spc (Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Statistical) Nā lako hana, Hoʻopaʻa i nā palapala hana maoli i ka wā e neʻe ai nā kiʻi o nā data i waho o nā puka makani.

Ka nānāʻana

ʻO ke kani leo leo leo leo nui loa no ke kiʻi kūleʻa. I ka hale kūkulu, Hana nā mea hana i nā hoʻokolohua he nui e hōʻoia i ka ikaika, permeibility, a me ka mālamaʻana-manuahi.

ʻO nā hana nānā maʻamau:

• ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana: Eʻike i nā Delaminations a iʻole nā ​​wai e pili ana i waena o nā papa
• Hiolo microscopy: Loiloi i ka lole, ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho grain, ae pili aloha
• Kaumaha vs. Nā nānā mānoanoa: I hoʻohanaʻia i ka calibrate calbrate a me nā helu stuccoing

Ma ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā hemahema ma mua o ka nininiʻana, ʻO nā mea hana e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka hana cat catertrophic.

Ka Hoʻolālā Nui: Mai Macro i Micro

Pau ka pauʻana o ke kākā'ōlelo, e like me ka ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻoʻia No ka hōʻoiaʻana i ke kūpaʻa dimensional, PūNea ma loko, a hoʻopauʻia.

Nā mea maʻamau nondestructive a luku i nā hana nānā:

Kūlana	Kumu
Nānā nānā	ʻIke i nā hemahema (E.g., pitting, nā'ōpū anuanu)
ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana e hōʻike ana (Dpt)	Nā hiʻohiʻona microcracks a me nā poosity ma nā alloys non-ferrous
Hōʻikeʻike ho'ālaʻana (X-ray)	Hōʻike i nā hemahema kūloko e like me ka shrinkage, Nā Hoʻohui
ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana	E loiloi ana i ka pā pōhaku a me ka waihoʻana i nā'āina koʻikoʻi
Cmm (ʻO ka mīkini hōʻailona hōʻailona)	Hōʻoia i nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea hana dimensional i ± 0 mau mm

Ke kaʻina hana a me nā hui kūpono statistical

I ka hōʻikeʻana i ka hikiʻana i ka hana hana maʻamau, Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻokumu i ka loiloi kaʻina hana helu. ʻO nā dimensical dimensional a me nā mea e pono ai ka loiloi e hoʻohana i nā metric e like me:

• Kepana (Ke kaʻina hana hiki): Target ≥ 1.33 No nā kaʻina hana paʻa
• Cpk (Ke kaʻina hana hana): Target ≥ 1.33 No nā kaʻina hana
• Ppm (Mau wahi no ka miliona miliona): ʻO ka'āinaʻoihanaʻoihana no ka aerospace a me nā hale mālama lāʻau < 500 Ppm

ʻO kēlā mau memo data-driven i loaʻa i ke kumu o ka ʻEono sigma and As9100 / nui 13485 Pūnaehana Hōʻailona.

Traceitability a me ka palapala

ʻO nā hana kūʻai kālā kiʻekiʻe e mālama ai i nā hana e mālama ai i ka neʻe piha piha o:

• Nā mea wela wela
• Nā Waihona Hōʻulu
• Ua make nā moʻoleloʻo Wax Wax
• Nā lolo huluhulu
• ʻO nā pepa hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike hope loa

He mea pono kēia palapala no Hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana, kumu kumu e nānā ai, and nā mea kūʻai aku, nui loa i loko o ka aerospace a me nā mea lapaʻau.

7. Nā Papa Hoʻolālā: Silica Sol vs. ʻO nā hana kūʻai aku'ē aʻe

8. ʻO nā noʻonoʻo waiwai a me ka uku-kūpono

ʻO Silica Sol Silica nalowale i halaʻoleʻia e pili ana i keʻano maʻamau.

ʻO ka papaʻaina e hōʻuluʻulu i nā kumu waiwai waiwai nui ma ke kaʻina hana:

Papa Hoʻolālā Kūʻai Kūʻai

Kumukūʻai kumu	Silica Slover	Ka wai aniani wai	Palapala Phosphate
Uku kālā	High (30-50% ↑) - Ma muli o ka Sili Cilica	Haʻahaʻa loa	Medium - Marity Prity, ʻO ka paleʻana o kaʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
Nā kumukūʻai waiwai	Kiʻekiʻe - hoʻohana iā Zircon, Nā Alluna, ʻO Silica Silica	Haʻahaʻa - kumu maʻamau, nā mea liʻiliʻi loa	Kāleʻele - Anuina & Silika Six
Haunaele & Shell i ka manawa kūkulu	3-7 mau lā (6-9 mau papa)	1-3 mau lā (4-5 mau papa)	2-5 mau lā (5-7 mau'āpana)
Mea kūʻai (per mold)	High ($2,000- $ 10,000), Akā e minamina & hou	Haʻahaʻa loa	Loli
Kumukūʻai kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia'āpana	Haʻahaʻa no ka nui o ka nui (Wax Dejection)	Hoʻohaʻahaʻa	Hoʻohaʻahaʻa
Hua / ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka waihona	High (Net-Shapee, ʻO ka mana haʻahaʻa)	Loli	Loli
Scrap / hana hou	Haʻahaʻa - maikaʻi maikaʻi	ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe - prone i nā hemahema	Hoʻohālikelike -ʻO ka hopena pōkole haʻahaʻa
Ka hana maʻamau	Ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe	High	Kūpono
Hoʻohana maikaʻi maikaʻi loa	'Clelo pololei, Nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe	General-kumu, nā hale kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa	Nā hale hana koʻikoʻi-hana

9. Hopena: ʻO ke kahua o keʻano gula maʻamau no nā'āpana kūpono o ka hopena

Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, silica Sol Silitandments Canding e hōʻike ana i kahiʻano o ka metallirgy kahiko a me kaʻokiʻana i nāʻepekema.

Me ka maikaʻi hui muaʻana, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai, a me ka maikai o ka ili, ʻO ia ke ala e hele ai Hana Hana Manaʻo, nā'āpana paʻakikī I nā koi koi.

ʻOiai ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, keʻano o keʻano e hana ai Net-Shapee, nā'āpana manuahi hopena hope loa i loko haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mea nona ka papa kuhikuhi

LangHe ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe Silica S Silica Wed Wed Wax singlest Services.

Kāhea iā mākou i kēia lā!