ʻO nā lawelawe i kapaʻoleʻia – Dertic uhi

Hōʻikeʻike

ʻO nā mea hao hao hao Hōʻike i kahi holomua nui i kaʻenehanaʻo Oron iron, ka hoʻohuiʻana i ke kumukūʻai-kūpono a me ka waihoʻana o ke kala hina hina me nā mea e pono ai nā mea i hanaʻia i nā mea kanu.

Kaulana no konaʻano hana nodular a iʻole spherroral, Hāʻawi i ka hao hao duticle i hoʻohuiʻia, paʻakikī, a me kaʻehaʻeha, e hana ana he mea nui i loko o kaʻenehana hou.

Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia ma waena o aitompetitive, ʻO ka wai wai, NA KAHIKI, a me nā'āpana ikaika, pinepine ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hao hina a me ke kila ma muli o kona hana nui a me nā pono waiwai.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana mai ka pua hina hina i ka hao ductile i alakaʻiʻia e ka noi no māmā, ikaika, a me nā mea hou aʻe, maʻamau ma nāʻoihana kahi e palekana ai ka palekana a me ka durability he paramika.

Hāʻawi kēiaʻatikala i kahi ka nānāʻana a me kaʻikeʻana i kaʻikeʻana i ka mea hao haoʻo Ductile, e uhi ana i kona hui, waiwai, Nā kaʻina hana hana, noi, a me nā keʻena e hiki mai ana.

1. He aha ka hao ductile?

Ui, Uaʻikeʻia e like me ʻO nā mea hao nodular Oole ʻO ka hao kiʻi kiʻi sptherrol (Hao hao), heʻano o ka hao hao e hōʻike ana ʻO ka lōʻihi loa a me ka paʻakikī ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka hao hina hina.

ʻO kaʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma ka kiʻi mīpī: ʻOiaiʻo ka hina hina hina i loaʻa i ke kiʻi-clape-ʻano, Nā hiʻohiʻona hao hao ʻO nā nodule kiʻi (spherical a iʻole spherroid mau'āpana) E hoʻomaikaʻi nui i kāna mau mea hana.

KAHAIAU

Ua loaʻa muaʻo Ductive Head i loko 1943 na Keith Millis, ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohuiʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka magnesium (a iʻole cerium) i ka molt ir hao i ke kiʻi e hana ai i nā noducal nodules ma mua o nā flakes.

Ua loaʻa i kēia hoʻololi hoʻololi o ka Microstructural i kahi mea me ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ellingation, Ke hana nei i kahi koho maikaʻi loa i ka hao hina no ka noiʻana i nā noi noi.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi a me nā pono

• ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi a me ka paʻakikī: ʻO ka papa kiʻi kiʻi o Ductile i haoʻiaʻo Nodular, e alakaʻi ana i nā kū'ē maikaʻi loa a me ka elongation (a i 18% No kekahi mau helu).
• ʻO ke kū'ē kū'ē: ʻO ka halaʻole o nā flake kiʻi i hōʻemi i ka hoʻomakaʻana, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka ikaika momona.
• ʻAno ʻano: Ma ka hoʻololiʻana i ka microsructure matrix (ferritic, Kahi Kīwī, a iʻole austempered), Hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia nā mea hao hao no nā noi kūikawā.

2. Kalepa o ka chemtical o ka hao hao

ʻO ka huiʻana o keʻano o ka hao o ka hao ductile i mālama ponoʻia e hoʻokō i kāna hui kūʻokoʻa o ikaika, kumaikalua, a me ka machindability.

ʻO ka hoʻohui o nā'āpana liʻiliʻi o Magnesum (Mg) a iʻole nā mea'ē aʻe (e like me ke cerium) I ka wā e hoʻololi ai ke kaʻina hau i keʻano o ke kiʻi mai nā flakes (e like me ka hina hina) i ʻO Noden Brother, ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi nuiʻana i ka hana mechanical hana.

ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana i keʻano o nā mea kanu o nā'āpana hao hao (Astm A536)

3. ʻO nā mea hao hao hao

Hiki ke hoʻoleiʻiaʻo Duticle hao i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahiʻano o nāʻano, ʻO kēlā me kēia e hāʻawi i nā pono kūikawā no ka kiko'ī 'āpana geometries, nā mea ponoʻona, Nā Palapala Hoʻohui, a me nā mea waiwai waiwai.

Ke kohoʻana i ke ala kūpono he mea nui no ke kaulike Kālā, Hana, a me ka hana mana.

Sand Canding i ka hao hao

• Hōʻuluʻike:
  ʻO Sand Canding ka ʻO ke ala ākea ākea nui no ka mea hao ducle ma muli o konaʻano a me ka hiki ke mālama i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā'āpana nui (Ke kaupaona nei i kekahi mau tons).
  Hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana a ʻO keʻano hoʻohālikelike e hana i kahi chevity chel, Ua nininiʻia ka hao hao.
  ʻO ke kumu o ka molle e hele pinepine ai (Ua hoʻopaʻaʻiaʻo Silica), ʻOiai e hoʻohanaʻia ana nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia no nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia no kaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka ikaika.
• Loaʻa:

• • Kūpono no nā geomex paʻakikī a me nā'āpana nui.
  • ʻO nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā kaʻina hana mau loa.
  • He kūpono no ka prototyping aʻelua a me ka hana nui.

• PAHUI:

• • ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana i ka lalo a me ka dimensional pololei ma mua o nāʻano kūpono.
  • Koi i ka post-techning no nā mea kanu lāʻau.

Ducled id shell moll canding

• Hōʻuluʻike:
  Nā pāpale pīpī pale he ʻO nā mea likeʻole o Sand Canding e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻili o ka Resin-CASUS SARE e hana i ka mū, hopena i ka hopenaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me keʻano o ka hoʻokele dimensional.
  Makemake pinepine ia no ʻO nā'āpana hao haoʻo Medium me nā geomex paʻakikī, e like me nā mea e like me nā mea hana a me nā leʻaleʻa gear.
• Loaʻa:

• • Ke hoʻopauʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe (Ra ~ 3.2 μm).
  • ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka pololei i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i keʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo.
  • He kūpono no nā helu hana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe.

• PAHUI:

• • ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka uku kiʻekiʻe.
  • Kaupalena no nā hale nui nui.

ʻO ka mea hao hao hao (Nalowale-wax casting)

• Hōʻuluʻike:
  Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, Ua kāheaʻia nalowale-wax casting, pili i ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi kumu kūʻai wax i hoʻopaʻaʻia me nā mea retricator e hana ai i kahi shesic.
  Ke hoʻopauʻia ka wax, Ua nininiʻiaʻo Molten Ductile i haoʻia i loko o ka mū. Ua ukuʻia kēiaʻano hana no Nā'āpana pololei e koi ai i keʻano o ka net-mode geometry a me ka manikona.

  

• Loaʻa:

• • Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa (Ra ~ 1.6-3.2 μm).
  • Hiki ke hana i nā hoʻolālā kūlike me nā pā pōhaku a me nā hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī.
  • Hoʻemi i nā mea waiwai a me ka hoʻopiliʻana.

• PAHUI:

• • ʻO ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻoikaika.
  • Kūpono kūpono no nā'āpana liʻiliʻi (maki <50 kg).

Centrifugal e hoʻolei i ka hao hao hao

• Hōʻuluʻike:
  Ua hoʻohana nuiʻiaʻo Centrifugal cylindrical a iʻole nā'āpana hao, e like me nā pipes a me nā lāʻau.
  Ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka nininiʻana i ka hao hao i loko o ka Kāohi, kahi o ka callifugal ikaika e hoʻopuka i ka metala ma nā pā mod, ka hanaʻana i nā hanaʻino a me nā kiʻi manuahiʻole.
• Loaʻa:

• • Hana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe-density kiʻekiʻe me nā poosity liʻiliʻi.
  • Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻiʻo Microstructure Microstructure i ka ikaika mechanical.
  • Kūpono no nā'āpana hola a me nā'āpana helu helu.

• PAHUI:

• • Limit i nāʻano symmetrical symmalrical.
  • Koi i ke kumu kūʻai, nā mīkini kūikawā.

ʻO ka mea hao hao hao liʻiliʻi (Lfc)

• Hōʻuluʻike:
  ʻO ka paleʻana i ka lole paulinalu kūikawā e hoʻohana ana a huʻahua (loutystyrene) Kākau ʻO nā mea hao i ka wā i nininiʻia ai ka metala molten i loko o ka mū.
  He kūpono no ʻO nā'āpana paʻakikī me ka ponoʻole e pono ai no nā kihi papa a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka machini.
• Loaʻa:

• • E hiki i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, kahi hana hoʻolālā kokoke-hele.
  • Hoʻopau i nā pono no nā code a me nā laina'āpana.
  • Nā koi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

• PAHUI:

• • Kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona papa.
  • Koi pono i ka hoʻopihaʻana e hoʻopiha i nā hemahema.

Duvile hao keʻokeʻo (No nā pahu hao hao)

• Hōʻuluʻike:
  Hoʻohanaʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku e hana Nā Pahu paʻa, nāʻeiwa, a me nā mea hana Me nā waiwai mechanical maʻamau a hōʻemi i ka pososity.
  Ua nininiʻiaʻo Mollten hao i loko o kahi papalina i hoʻopaʻaʻia e neʻe mau ana, Ke hana nei i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi o nā waihona.
• Loaʻa:

• • ʻO ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi.
  • Hoʻemi i ka machining a me nā mea waiwaiʻole.
  • Kumukūʻai-kūpono no ka hana stock stock.

• PAHUI:

• • ʻAʻole kūpono no nāʻano likeʻole a iʻole nā'āpana paʻakikī.

4. ʻO ke kaʻina pale hao

ʻO ke kaʻina hana pale ductic hoʻomālamalama, nodularization, inoculation, hui, a me ka hopena No ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka makemake ʻO ka microstru a me nā meaʻike.

ʻAʻole like me ka hina hina, ka hoʻokōʻana i keʻano kiʻi kiʻi sptherrol E wehewehe i ka magnesium a iʻole ka cerium a me ke kāohiʻana i kinohi, Kaila, a ninini i nā kūlana.

4.1 Menging and alloying

• Hoʻomālamalama: Nā Kumuhana Pūnaewele (1400-1500 ° C) melt puaʻa puaʻa + 60-80% recycled ductile iron scrap (Nā Māhele 95% o nā waiwai aloha).
• Alloy control: Hōʻike ka nānāʻana i nā mea hoʻokūkū spectrometric e hoʻomau i loko o nā wahi astm (E.g., C = 3.4 ± 0.1%, A = 2.5 ± 0.1%).

4.2 Nodularization

• Ke kaʻina hana: Magnesum (e like me ka alloy alloy, 6-8% mg) hoʻohuiʻia i ka hao hao ma 1400 ° C. ʻO kēia "hoʻomaha" e wāwahi i ka flake kiʻi kiʻi i nā sperre, me 0,03-0.05%% mom mg e pono ai no ka hopena piha.
• Palapala nui: Ponoʻo Sulfur <0.03% (Mg:S ratio ≥1.5:1) e pale aku ai i ka degeneration nodule.

4.3 Inoculation

• Kumu: E hōʻoluʻolu i nā nodules (5-20 nodules / mm²) a pale aku "chill" (Britlet Martiste).
• Ke kaʻina hana: FerrosLILICON (75% A) hoʻohui i ka post-nodularization ma 0.2-0.5% ma ke kaupaonaʻana. Iculants e like me ka callicium-silicon hou hou aku e hoʻonui hou i ka lole nodule.

4.4 Hoʻolālāʻo Modold a ninini

• Nā mea kūʻai aku: 'Ōmaʻomaʻo (uku haʻahaʻa, recyclable) No nā'āpana maʻamau; resin-berendy (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi) No nā'āpana kūpono.
• Ke hele nei / lele: Hoʻolālāʻiaʻo Ging e hōʻemi i ka turbuglence (huhalau <1.5 m / s) e pale aku i nā incusions oxide. 'Anaʻa (10-15% o ka mahele'āpana) hānai i ka shrimitage, koʻikoʻi no nā'āpana paʻa (>25 mm).
• Ka nininiʻana: 1300-1350 ° C (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hao hina e pale aku ai i ka burnout mg).

4.5 Haunaele a me ka lulu

• Kaila: 5-20 ° C / min (Nā Mold) e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻokumuʻana no hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Wikiwiki maikaʻi (20-30 ° C / min) I nā papa metala i hoʻonuiʻia i nāʻike nui, hoʻoikaika ikaika.
• Ka Haakauaoha: Ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻo Mold e hoʻokuʻu i ka pā; nā lole (No nā hiʻohiʻona kūloko) laweʻia ma ka wai o ka wai.

4.6 ʻO nā hana kūʻaiʻana

• ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Hoʻopauʻo Shoy i ka hoʻopauʻana i ke koena, hoʻokō i ka ral 12.5-25 μM (Sand cread) a iʻole ra 1.6-6.3 μm (Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai).
• Machimen: Cnc huli/Loaʻa i ka milina i nā tolenscess ± 0.01 mm no nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi (E.g., Ke hali nei).
  ʻO ka manika o ka hao hao hao 80% ʻo ia ka hina hina (E hoʻohana i nā mea hana i nā kumukūʻai 10-15% kiʻekiʻe).
• ʻO ka hana wela: E hoʻonui i nā waiwai mechanical (E.g., ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana no ka ductility, Austempering no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe).
• Pāpale: Pena a galvalizing (No ka paleʻana i ka corrosioni ma nā noi o waho).

5. ʻO ka mālama wela o ka ductile i ka mea hao hao

ʻO ka hana wela i kahi hana koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā mea hana mechanical a me ka hana o nā mea hao hao hao.

Ma ka noʻonoʻo pono e kāohi i nāʻano hana nani, Hiki i nā mea hana ke hana i ka microstructure e hoʻokō i ka kaulike i makemakeʻia o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, paʻakikī, a kau pale.

Annalile

• Kumu:
  Hoʻomauʻiaʻo Annealing i nā kaumaha kūloko i hoʻokumuʻia e ka laweʻana a me ka machining, hoʻomaikaʻiʻole, a hoʻonui i ka manchinenability.
• Ke kaʻina hana:

• • Hana maʻamau i nā mahana ma waena 850° C a 950 ° C.
  • ʻO ka wā hana e pili ana i ka hoʻoleiʻana i ka mānoanoa, Ka mea maʻamau 1 i 4 Nā hola hola.
  • Lohi i loko o ka wikiwiki i loko o ka umu a iʻole ka ea e pale ai i ka pīhoihoi.

Hana maʻamau

• Kumu:
  Hoʻohanaʻia ka hana maʻamau e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ē, kū ponoʻole, a me ka ikaika.
• Ke kaʻina hana:

• • E hōʻeha ana i ka 900° C-950 ° C ukali e ka ea o ka ea.
  • ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki wikiwiki ma mua o kaʻaeʻana akā lohi ma mua o ka quanching.

E wela ana (Austempered Ducle Iron - ADI)

• Kumu:
  Hoʻopiliʻo Austempering i ka hao hao i loko ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao (Adi), he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, komo-resistant, a me nā mea paʻaʻole.
• Ke kaʻina hana:

• • Hoʻomehana i ka mālamaʻana i ka Austentizing wela (850° C-900 ° C).
  • Rapid queching i loko o kahiʻauʻau paʻakai i mālamaʻia ma 250° C-400 ° C No kahi manawa kiko'ī (1-3 mau hola).
  • ʻOluʻolu i ka mahana o ka lumi.

6. Nā mea hana o nā mea hao hao hao

7. Loaʻa iā DuCTER Iron Iron Ur

Hāʻawiʻo Duclet hao i keʻano o kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o ka ikaika mechanical, paʻakikī, uku kūpono, a me ka weheʻana o ka hoʻolālā, e hana ana i kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana nuiʻia i hoʻohanaʻia i nā mea hao ma nāʻoihana likeʻole.

Ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī

• Loaʻa i ka hao hao duticle nā mākau ikaika ma waena o 415-690 MPA (60-100 ksi), me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika a me nā mea hōʻeha maikaʻi loa.
• 'Ōlelo ʻO ka microstru pale aku i ka props crack, Hāʻawi i ka mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka uluʻana i ka nui o ka hao keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻoia ai i ka brittleness.

Hoʻonui i ka ductitive a me ka elongation

• Nā helu helu e like me Astm A536 60-40-18 hōʻike i nā waiwai elingation e hiki mai ana 18%, mamao loa i <2% Uaʻikeʻo elongation i ka hao hina.
• Hiki i kēiaʻano he mau mea i nā'āpana e hoʻopili ai i nā shock shock, Ke kūpono nei i kūpono no ka kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa a me nā mīkini ikaika.

ʻO ka maikaʻi loa

• ʻO nā mea hao hao i nā waiwai o nā waiwai o nā waiwai nui o ka hao hao, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai no nā'āpana e like me Nā kumu hana mīkini, Pumps, a me nā mea hou aku, ho'ēmi i ka walaʻau a me ka haunaele.

Kumukūʻai-kūpono. Kāmekiʻana iā keʻahi

• Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kila, ʻO ka hao ducle he 30-40% liʻiliʻi Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu a me nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi.
• Hāʻawi ia i nā hana ikaika ikaika e like me ka mea kila i ka wā e hāʻawi ana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana holoʻokoʻa.

'Apeʻuʻulu paʻakikī

• Ua hiki i ka mea hao maikaʻi loaʻo Dutel ka hanaʻana o nā intricate a me nā pale i hoʻopaʻaʻia Me nāʻano kokoke kokoke, ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka machining a me nā mea waiwai.
• Ua kūpono ia no nā mea like e like me Nā poloka mīkini, nā holohaʻana, a me nā awāwa e koi ai i nā geomet paʻakikī.

Nā koho lapaʻau wela wela

• Hiki i nā waiwai tailored ma o ka wela wela (Annalile, hana maʻamau, a iʻole estempering), e hiki ai i kahi ākea ākea o nāʻano mechanical mai koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe i e pale aku i ka paleʻana (E like me Austempered Ducle Iron - ADI).

E kāʻei a me kaʻehaʻeha

• Me ʻO ka hana kūpono a me ka mālama wela, Hiki i ka hao dericle ke hiki ke loaʻa i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (a i 400 Hb ma Adi) a me ka ikaika ikaika loa, Kūpono kūpono no nā'āpana i kauʻia hana hou a iʻole nā kūlana hōʻino.

8. Nā palena o ka ductic hao hao

• ʻO ka paleʻana o ka paleʻana: Koi i nā lole a iʻole galvanizing i nā wahi kūwaho.
• ʻO nā shrinkge a me nā pilikia poosity: Koi aku i ka pale pololei i ka wā o ke kauʻana.
• Nā palena hana ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: ʻO keʻano o keʻano o nāʻano cristogenic.

9. ʻO nā noi nui o nā mea hao hao ductive

Hoʻohana nuiʻia nā mea hao hao ma waena o nāʻoihana nui ma muli o ko lākou ikaika maikaʻi loa, kumaikalua, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, ʻO ka papaʻaina, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.

Ka Hoʻolālā Wīwī

ʻO ka haoʻo Duticle he mea makemake i ka hana hana ma ka hanaʻana no kona hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia, pale pale, a ho'ēmi i nā kumukūʻai hana ma o ka net-net.

• Na'Āpana Engine: lihao, pākuʻi nā mea kūʻai, Nā poʻo cylinder, ʻO ka wahine Tires Gears.
• Nā'āpana i hoʻokuʻuʻia: ʻO nā lima lima, ʻO nā alakaʻi alakaʻi, ʻO nā hubs.
• ʻO ka hoʻounaʻana a me ka hoʻokele: nā mea laweʻokoʻa, nā holohaʻana, Ke lawe nei i nā caps.

Wai a me ka wai hanaʻole

ʻO kāna pale kū'ē, markinpalibility, a me ke ola holoʻokoʻa e hana ai i nā mea hao hao ducile no nā noi e pili ana i ka wai.

• Nā pipes a me nā kūpono: ka paila hao hao (Dip) ua hoʻohana nuiʻia no ka wai potable, huii, a me nā'ōnaehana frainage'ōnaehana.
• Nā awāwa a me nā hydrants: Nā Valoko, Butterfly Valves, ahi ahi.

Nā mīkini kaumaha a me nā mea hanaʻoihana

ʻO ka ikaika ikaika ikaika-kiʻekiʻe-ka momona momona a me ka hau i hana i ka hao hao i hana kūponoʻia no nā mea hana ma nā mīkini a me nā mea hana.

• Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, Nā'āpana kūpono, Ke hali nei.
• Nā kumu hana mīkini: Nā Lathes, minal miners, Kuliu.
• Nā lako hana: Nā Hāʻewa, Nā Frame, urowing.

Kaʻohana a me ka mana

Kākoʻo ka hao hao i ke koiʻana i ka koi no ka paʻakikī, nā hana kaumaha, Hydro, a me nā'ōnaehana o nā mea hana.

• ʻO ka makaniʻo Turbine Hubs, Nā'āpana pale, a me nā mea hana hou.
• ʻO ka hydraulic a me nā trubines Steam: ʻO ka mālamaʻana a me nā mea mālama hoʻonohonoho.
• ʻO nā mea aloha a me nā mea kaʻa kaʻa.

Rail a me ka halihali

Hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā'āpana hana a me nā mīkini hana no kona paʻakikī a me ka paleʻana i ka cyclic i kā mākou.

• ʻO nā huila railway, kāmaʻa kāmaʻa nani, MAKUA.
• Mākaʻikaʻiʻokoʻa: Hāʻawi, Nā papa, Nā mea paʻa.

Kūkulu a me ka infrastructure

ʻO ka Durability a me nā koina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hana ai i kahi maʻamau ma nā hana lehulehu a kūkulu i ka mīkini.

• Uhi kuikahi, ʻO nā hua manu, Nā kukui kukui kukui.
• Hoʻonohonohoʻia: nā kolamu, nā brackets, ʻOihana HoʻolālāʻAmelika.

Nā moning a me nā lako honua

Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Duticle hao ma nā wahiʻeha ma muli o konaʻaʻahu a me ka hopena hopena.

• Leo kālai lole, Kākau, Bussings, a me nā hale hale.
• Nā'āpana a me nā'āpana.

10. Dervile hao vs. Nā mea kūʻai'ē aʻe

Ua kūʻo Duticle hao i waena o nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o kona huiʻana o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.

11. Hopena

Hāʻawiʻo Dural Urler i nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi kaulikeʻokoʻa o ikaika, kumaikalua, kumukūʻai-kūpono, a me ka pā, e hana ana i kahi mea i makemakeʻia ma waena o nāʻoihana e like me ka automotive, ʻO ka wai wai, a me nā mīkini kaumaha nui.

Kona hiki i ke alahaka i keʻano o ka hana ma waena o ka hina hina ma waena o ka hina hina a me ke kila i ke kūlana ma keʻano he meaʻenehanaʻenehana.

E nānā ana, ka hoʻomohalaʻana o Adi (ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao) a e hoʻomau mau nā hana hōʻike hōʻike e hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka eco-aloha o nā'āpana hao hao.

Hāʻawi nā Langhehe i nā lawelawe pale dercle

A Langhe, Mālama mākou i ka hāʻawiʻana i nā mea hao nui-hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻano o nāʻenehana hana hou.

Inā noi kāu papahana i ka wikiwiki o 'ōmaʻomaʻo lā, ka laha o Nā Wīwī Oole Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o Palapala metala (mau loa) Kauhi, a iʻole ke kūpaʻa a me ka maʻemaʻe i hāʻawiʻia e Kesighu and nalowale ka hae hae,

Langhe Loaʻa i ka loea loea a me ka hana hana e hoʻokō ai i kāu mau kiko'ī pololei.

Ua hoʻolakoʻia kā mākou hale hana e lawelawe i nā mea āpau mai ka hoʻolālā prototype i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, Kākoʻoʻia e ka mana ikaika ikaika, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai, a me keʻano metallirgical.

Mai nā meaʻona a me nāʻenehana ikaika i ka infrastructure a me nā mīkini kaumaha, Langhe hoʻopakele i nā hopena hana maʻamau e hoʻohui pū me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, dimensional pololei, a me ka hana lōʻihi.

Kāhea iā mā˚ou!

FaqS

Pehea eʻokoʻa ai ka hao o Ductile mai ka hina hina?

ʻO nā hao drivat i loaʻa i nā huapalapala spine (Via Magnesium Hoʻohui), E hoʻopau i ka 10-20% elongation a me ka hopena kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kala hina hinaʻo Flake, e hana ana i ka brittle (<1% ewangantion).

He aha adi, A i ka wā i hoʻohanaʻia ai?

ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao (Adi) he wela-i mālamaʻia e hana i kahi matrix bainitic, Hāʻawi iā 100-150 Ksi Tinsle ikaika. Ua hoʻohanaʻia ma nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea e like me ka makaniʻo Turbine Hubs a me nā mea e holo ana.

No ke aha ke koʻikoʻi o ka Tignerium i ka hao ductile?

ʻO ka huliʻana o ka magnesium i ka flake kiʻi i nā spheres, E hoʻopau ana i keʻano o ka noʻonoʻoʻana a me ka hikiʻana i ka dunctility. ʻO ka magnetium noho (0.03-0.05%) hōʻoia i ka hopena.

Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ka mea hao i ka mea hao i ke kumu kūʻai?

ʻO ka hao duticle he 30-50% cheaper ma mua o nā kila kila no ka ikaika kūlike, me ka hana maikaʻiʻana e hōʻemi ai i ka manawa hana i ka manawa hana ma 20-30%.

ʻO keʻano o keʻano o kaʻoihana lawelawe nui no ka hao ductile?

Hana ia i ka hilinaʻi a hiki i ka 400 ° C. Ma luna o 500 ° C, ua hāʻule nā ikaika ikaika 30% Ma muli o ka decomposition Purpite.