ʻO Nickel Rust? ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana iā Nickel's Corrosion

E'ōlelo i ka nīnau "hanaʻo Nickel Rust?"E hoʻomaopopo, Ua wehewehe mua mākou i kahiʻano koʻikoʻi: ʻO Rus ka'ōlelo maʻamau no ka hao o ka hao (Fe ₃o ₃ a fendo₄), ʻO kahi huahana Corrosion Red-Brown Consulte i ka hao a me ka hao-loaʻa i nā alloys.

Nickel, he mea hao transit me ka haoʻole i loko o kānaʻano hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana.

Akā naʻe,, Hiki iā Nickel ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana, pale aku i nā'āpana orbide, I nā wahi o Harrsh, ʻO nā mea nui e like me nā mea hana e like me nā hydroxides a iʻole nā sulfie.

1. Rust vs. Kuupuiawi: No ke ahaʻaʻole hiki i ka nickel ke holo

E hoʻonā i ka nīnau ninaninau, Pono mākou e wehewehe mua i nā'ōlelo nui:

• 'Ōwili: He Hydted Hydted (E.g., Fo(Oh)Nh₂o) hanaʻia i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ai ka hao me ka oxygen a me ka nui.
  He meaʻakaʻaka ia, FlaKY, a hāʻawiʻole i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ka corrosion-o kēia ke kumu i heleʻoleʻia ai nā kila kila.
• Kuupuiawi: ʻO ka degradation electrochemical o nā mea hao ma muli o nā hopena me nā wahi a puni.
  No nā mea men-ferous like me nickel, Hōʻikeʻo Corrosionion i nā'āpana, Hydroxides, a iʻole nā salts e pale ai (hakahi) a iʻole hōʻino.

Mickel maʻemaʻe (≥ 99.0%) ʻaʻohe hao, no lailaʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hana i ka or ot obide ('ōwili). ',
ʻO nā huahana corrosioni o Nickel nickel oxel (Nipo), nickel hydroxide (I(Oh)₂), Oole nickel carbonate (Njco₃)-ʻO nāʻano likeʻole e like me ka holoʻana mai ka rust.

2. ʻO ka paleʻana o Nickel: ʻO ka Toodey Toodey

ʻO ka inoa inoaʻo Nickel no ka pale kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana mai kona hiki ke hana i kahi kope, adherent steve myode ma konaʻaoʻao-kahi mea koho balota e pili ana i nā poloka e pili ana i ka hopena.

Eia keʻano o kēia kaʻina hana:

Ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka papa hana passive

I ka manawa i hōʻikeʻia ai i ka oxygen (Kōlea, wai, a iʻole ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā wahi hana), ʻO Nickel i lalo o kahi hopena rapid: 2I + O2 → 2nio
ʻO kēia papaʻo Nio 2-5 naanmeters (nm) kūlohelohe (1 nm = 10 mau mika)-Invissible i ka maka o nā maka - akā paʻa paʻa a paʻaʻole.

ʻAʻole like me ka wikiwiki, ʻO ka nio e kau nei i ka Noi ma luna o ka pale nickel, Ke pale nei i ka oxygen a me ka mistiture mai ka hōʻeaʻana i ka metala lalo.

I nā wahi i loko (E.g., wai, Ke wai wai), E hoʻomaka ana ka papa hana e hoʻokomo nickel hydroxide (I(Oh)₂) and, I nā wahi kaʻa kaʻa, nickel carbonate (Njco₃)-ʻO ka mea e hoʻoikaika ai i ka pā kūʻai passive.

ʻO ka paʻaʻana o ka papa hana passive

Noho ka nio ma luna o nā wahi ma waena o nā kūlana ākea:

• HH L 2: Kūpono ma ke kino (ph 6-8) a me nā alkaline (ph 8-12) nā wahi.
  I loko o nā maʻi maʻi (E.g., 5% Actic acid), e lohi mālie ka papa, Akā ma nā wahi ikaika (E.g., 37% hydrochloric acid), E wāwahi ana ia.
• Keka ao: Kū i luna o ~ 600 ° C i ka lewa. Ma luna o kēia, Nio shickesns a lilo i mea nui, ka hōʻemiʻana i kona hiki ke pale (E.g., ma 800 ° C, ʻO Nickel corrodes ma ~ 0.1 mm / makahiki i ka lewa, vsa. <0.001 mm / makahiki i ka mahana o ka lumi).
• Ka loaʻa oxygen: Koi pono i ka oxumal oxygen e mālama i ka wai starnant, Ke hoʻomau nei ka papa, Ke hana nei i nā noi noi no nā noi noi (E.g., KOMIKANA LOA).

ʻO nā kumukūʻai o Corrosioni o ka nickel maʻemaʻe

3. Nā mea e hōʻemi ai i ka paleʻana o Nickel

ʻOiaiʻo Nickel keʻano o ka corrosion, ʻO kekahi mau kaiāulu a me nā mea e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i kēia pale.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana he mea nui kēia mau mea no ka wānanaʻana i ka hana o Nickel a pale aku i ka corrosion kūloko.

Chorride a me nā kakali ition: Pitting and crevice corrosion

Klā me nā ions (Cl⁻)-Ua i loko o ke kai, Trang Solt, a me kaʻenemi maikaʻi loa o kaʻoihana-ʻo Nickel.

Komo lākou i ka mea kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai aku ma nā wahi nāwaliwali (E.g., Nāʻalā, nā palena nui) a hoomaka Pihaʻana: liʻiliʻi, nā lua kūloko e ulu ai i ka manawa.

• Mea lihua: Ua hanaʻo Chroper (Nicl₂), ka mea e pale i ka one luna.
  ʻO ka mea i hōʻikeʻia a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki, e hana ana i nā paila e like me ka liʻiliʻi 10 μM i ka coimeter.
• ʻO nā mea paʻakikī: Nā mea hoʻokalakupua nui (>1,000 ppm), mahana kiʻekiʻe (>50° C), a me nā kūlana stagnant (E.g., nā cravic ma waena o nā'āpana nicked belcted).
• 'Ikeʻike: I loko o ke kai (35,000 PPM CL⁻ bIND) ma 60 ° C, ʻO nā kākuhiʻo Nickel maʻemaʻe e lele i ka leleʻana i 0,05-0.1 MM / makahiki (5-10 × kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o ka mahana o ka lumi) Ma muli o ka piko.

Imprities ma nickel: Ke hoʻohana nei i ka papa hana passive

Kāleka Nickel (E.g., Astm b162 papa 200, 99.0-99.5% ma) he mau mea hoʻopunipuni e like me ka hao (Lia), Sulfur (S), a me ke kalanahiwana (C)-ʻO nā mea e hōʻemi ai i ke kū'ēʻana:

• 'Eron (Lia): Oia aku 0.5% ʻO ka mea e hoʻokumu i nā cells micrgalvanic (Nā hana hao ma keʻano he anode, nicicl me he cathode), ka hoʻopiʻiʻana i nā'ōiwi ma nā wahi pā.
  ʻo kahi laʻana, nickel me 1% Fet he corwater corrosioting o 0.02 MM / makahiki (mea pālua 99.99% mickel maʻemaʻe).
• Sulfur (S): Pukaʻana i nā mea kickel sulfide (Nis) i nā wahi sulfidic (E.g., aila a me nā pūpū me nā h₂s), ʻo ia ka brittle a me ka hoʻopiliʻana.
• KālekaʻAʻI (C): A >0.1% C, hanaʻo Nickel Carbide (Nīnauni), ka mea e hōʻole i ka papa hana passive a hoʻonui i ka pilikia pila.

ʻO Ultra-High-Prily nickel (99.99% I) Hōʻalo i kēia mau pilikia, Ke kūpono nei ia no nā noi koʻikoʻi e like me semicongutor e hana nei.

Nā maʻi ikaika a hōʻemi i nā wahi

ʻO ka papa inoa inoa inoaʻo Noise (E.g., hydrochloric acid, HCOL) a iʻole nā meaʻona non-oxidizing (E.g., sulfuric acid, Holak₄ > 20% kūlike). ʻo kahi laʻana:

• I 37% HCOL (ʻOihana lumi), ʻO nā corrodes nilchil maʻemaʻe ma 1-2 mm / makahiki (ka degradation rapid, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻolimalima passive).
• I ka oxidizing edid (E.g., nitric acid, HnINA), ua hoʻoikaikaʻia ka mea (hanaʻo nitric acid e like me ka oxidizer), No lailaʻo Nickel e kū'ē ana iā Corrosioni (Kūʻai <0.01 MM / makahiki i loko 65% HnINA).

4. Nickel alloys: Hoʻopiliʻia ke kū'ēʻana

5. Nā kuhi hewa maʻamau: "Rust" ma Nickel a iʻole nā mea i kohoʻia

Kuhi pinepine ka poʻe iā Nickel Corrosion no Rust-Eia kahi mea e hana nui nei:

Misconceception 1: "ʻO kaʻu kila kila nckel-beeted i hoʻopaʻaʻia."

ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hele mai ka lua mai ka ʻO ke kila kila kila, ʻaʻole ka poki nokel.

ʻO ka hanaʻana o Nickel (5-50 μm mānoanoa) Mālama i ka kila ma o ka hanaʻana e like me ka pā, Akā inā uaʻokiʻia a paʻa paha ka pae, Ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo Steel i ka oxygen a me ka nui, Ke hana nei.

I mea e pale ai i kēia, ʻO nā mea kilokiloʻo Nickel-Plade i hoʻopaʻa pinepineʻia me kahi lacquer maopopo a hoʻohanaʻia paha i nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Misconceception 2: "Ua huliʻo Nickel?"

ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o Brown ma Nickel Tarnish, ʻaʻole kū. Hana ia i ka wā i hanaʻia aiʻo Nickel i nā hui sulfur i loko o ka lewa (E.g., mai ka haumia a iʻole ke kino kūlohelohe) e hana i ka mickel sulfide (Nis) a iʻole ka carbonate (Njco₃).

ʻO ka tarina he mea liʻiliʻi a hiki ke weheʻia me kahi mea maikaʻiʻole (E.g., pauka koka), ʻaʻole like, ka mea i lukuʻia.

"ʻO Nickel i loko o koʻu kauʻana."

ʻOiaʻiʻo: Aia nā waiʻauʻau i nā chrides (mai ka mālama wai wai) a me ka wai, ke kumu Pihaʻana ma nickel (ʻaʻole kū).

Nā lua liʻiliʻi a iʻole nā wahi keʻokeʻo eʻike aiʻoe he nīlī hydroxide (I(Oh)₂), ʻaʻole hao hao pipi. Me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā alkel-chrisl-chromium alloys (E.g., Actoel) I nā mea hōʻikeʻike e pale i kēia.

6. ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i ke kū'ēʻana o Nickel: Nā hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻoihana

No ka hōʻoiaʻana iā Nickel a me kāna mau kōkua e hoʻokō i nā pono hoʻoponopono, Ke hilinaʻi nei nā mea hana ma nā hoʻokolohua maʻamau:

ʻO ka ho'āʻo SPRY SPray (Astm b117)

E loiloi ana i ka paleʻana i nā wahi waiwai. Ua hōʻikeʻia nā hiʻohiʻona i kahi 5% Nacl cism i 35 ° C no 100-1,000 mau hola. Nā Kūlana Kūʻai no Nickel Purel: ʻaʻole pitting a iʻole corrosion ma hope 500 Nā hola hola.

Electrokamical frectroscopy (Eis)

Hana i ke kūpaʻa o ka payter ma ka noiʻana i kahi leka uila liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka papa nickel.

He mea nui (ke kū'ē i ke kahe o kēia manawa) Hōʻike i kahi o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka moina >10⁶ʻae i ka wai kūponoʻole.

ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka paona kaumaha (Astm g1)

Ke anaʻana i ka helu corrosio ma ka kaupaonaʻana i kahi mea hoʻohālike nickel ma mua a ma hope o ka hoʻolahaʻana i kahi kaiāulu. No ka nicikel maʻemaʻe i loko o ke kai, Pono ke kaumaha <0.01 G / M² / lā.

7. Nā noiʻenehana o Nickel Alloy

ʻO ka hikiʻole o Nickel i ka pale a me kona paleʻana i ke kū'ē ikaika e hana ai i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma nā wahi nui:

Manyʻenehana

Molol 400 a me ka inconel 625 hoʻohanaʻia no nā mea waiwai moku, ʻO nā wahi o nā kahua'āina, a me nā wahi moana kai-kahi e kū ana i ko lākou paleʻana i ka chlorde pitting a me ke kai o ke kai i nā makahiki he 20-30 mau makahiki o ka lawelawe (vsa. 5-10 mau makahiki no ke kila).

Ke kālepaʻana

Ua hanaʻo Nickel Alloys i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ka culfuric acid (Molol 400) a me hydrochlric acid (Wikiwiki c-276, he nokel-molybdenum alloy).

ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻO Handely C-276 he corrosione o ka <0.01 MM / makahiki i loko 20% HCL ma 60.

Mea uila

ʻO Ultra-Frey Nickel (99.99%) hoʻohanaʻia ma semiconductor i nā wafeters a me nā palena pā, kahi e nānā ai i nā papa hana manuahi a me ke kū'ēʻana i nā maʻi maʻi (E.g., ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana) he koʻikoʻi.

Biikona

Nickel-chromium alloys (E.g., Actoel 600) hoʻohanaʻia no ka kūkuluʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā moina-paʻa i ko lākouʻano kala kālā no nā makahiki heʻumi (ʻaʻohe mea, MIMIMAL TE TERISIL) a me ka pohōʻana o ke kalaʻana.

8. Hopena: ʻAʻole holoʻo Nickel, Akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono

Nickel mai haehae, no ka mea, he hao ka hao o ka olkel a me nickelʻaʻohe hao. Kona kūlohelohe Toode Tooner Mālama iā ia mai ka hapa nui, ke mālama nei i kahi mamao loa ma mua o ke kila ma nā kūlana maʻamau.

Akāʻo Nickel hiki ke hoʻoponopono ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana: ʻO ka wai momona-waiwai, nā hewa i loko o ka metala, a iʻole e hōʻeha i nā acids ikaika i kona pale pale pale.

E ka mokying nikel me nā metals e like me Chromium, Mybridelu, a iʻole keleawe, Hana nā meaʻenehana i nā alloys e like me Actoel and Molol, ʻO nā mea e pale ai i nā mea kanu lāʻau, mahana kiʻekiʻe, AOAO.

FaqS

Hiki i nā mea nickel-i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia?

ʻAʻoleʻo ia-Nickel i kahi paʻa, Akā inā ua hōʻinoʻia, ka mea i lalo i lalo (ka kila pinepine) e holo.

No ka "Rust-Prof" Nickel-Nickel-Plated nā mea, E hoʻohana i kahi pākeke Duplex (nickel + chrome) a iʻole e koho i kahi mea waiwai nukel (E.g., Molol) Ma kahi o ke kila.

ʻO iaʻo Nickel iʻoi aku ka corrosion-resistant ma mua o nā kila stiinless?

Aia ia i ka helu kila kila kila. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o Nickel ma luna o ke kai 304 kila kohu ʻole (pohō i ka pitting),

aka, 316 kila kohu ʻole (me ka mybdelum) nā pāʻani aʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka chloside nickel ma keʻano o ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO Nickel corrode i loko o nā loko paʻakai paʻakai?

Loaʻa iā YES-Salwarwar Pools he 3,000-5,000 PPM Cl⁻, e hiki ai i ka mea e pili ana i ka piko i loko o ka nickel maʻemaʻe.

E hoʻohana i ka Inconal 625 Oole 316 ʻO nā mea kila kūpono no nā'āpana wai (E.g., Nā Kahu, KahawaiOli) e pale i ka corrosion.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka paleʻana i ka nickel me ka hōʻinoʻole?

E hoʻohana i kahi hopena maikaʻi o ka wai mahana, a iʻole he pānaʻi o ka beeda a me ka wai (abrasive lawa e wehe ai i ka tarnish, ʻaʻole lawa e hoʻokaʻawale i ka papa hana passive).

Hōʻalo i nā mea kanu sterh e like me ka blech, kahi e dissolve nio.

Ua hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Nickel i loko o nā lole holoi holoiʻole no ka kila?

ʻAe--uila uila uila (he lole, ka uhi uhi) e pili ana i nā'āpana kila (E.g., ʻO nā bolts bolts, ʻO nā cylinders hydraulic) e pale i ka hana.

Hanaʻia ka mea hana Nickel e like me kahi pā, a me kona mau mea e pale ai i ke alaloa.