Hana alumini?

1. Hōʻikeʻike

ʻO ka nīnau "E hana anaʻo Alumini?" e kū pinepine ana i nāʻenehanaʻenehana, Hoʻolālā Hoʻohui honua, a me nā papahana Dy i kēlā me kēia lā.

E olelo ikaika ana, ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka hao hao hao, ʻO ka Flaky Reddish-brown Corrosion huahana o ka hao a me ka kila.

No ka mea hanaʻo Alminimum i kahi oxide likeʻole ('Ainuiʻo ALXIE PAUL), ʻaʻole e hoʻopiliʻia kaʻenehana ma ke ala hao. Eia nō naʻe, Hiki i ke alaminim ke hoʻoponopono ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.

Ua wehewehe kēiaʻatikala i ka chemistry ma hope o kaʻaelike alumini, e hoʻohālikelike ana iā ia me ka hao hao, e nānā i nā modes corrosione like, a me nā mea e pale aku ai i nā hoʻolālā pale.

2. E wehewehe "rust" vs. 'Ainuiʻo ALXIE PAUL

'Āpana'Aaka, e pili ana i ka russ i kaʻulaʻula ulaula-brownish-brown-ʻO nā Olbide kala-ʻO nā palapala i ka wā e hoʻohuli ai ka hao me ka oxygen a me ka nui.

Aluminum, ʻO keʻano o nā mea kīwīʻole, ʻaʻole e holo i kēiaʻano. ', e like me ka oxiyan, hana i kahi paakiki, kuikahi, a me nā mea hou o 'Ainuiʻo ALXIE PAUL (Al₂o₃).

Ua kokoke koke kēia mau mea e waiho koke i kēia o ka ea o ka ea a me ka wai, Ke hana nei i kahi mea kūlohelohe maoli e pale aku ai i ka corrosioni.

ʻOiai i kēia manawa ke hōʻikeʻia nei kēia kaʻina i kapaʻiaʻo "White Rust" i nā hua'ōlelo, He mea maʻamau ia ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka kila.

3. Paleʻo Oxede i ka alumini

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho O Oxide Oxide a me ka mānoanoa

Koke ma luna o ka lewa ea, Kūkuluʻiaʻo Aluminim i kahi Onedide maoli o ~ 2-5 NM mānoanoa. Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi (Xike, kollatimetry) E hōʻoia i kēia mau hana i loko o nā kekona.

I ka ea maloʻo, mānoanoa; i nā wahi haʻahaʻa, Hiki iā ia ke hoʻolei iki (5-10 nm) Akā e mālama mau.

ʻO ka mīkini kiʻi pono'ī

Inā he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kahi shutch liʻiliʻi i ka bipi, ʻO keʻano hou aluminum ma lalo o nāxicies e hoʻoponopono i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

ʻO kēia ke ho'ōla nei Hoʻomaopopo ka mechanism i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ka palekana a iʻole ka nui o ka oxygen a iʻole ka wai wai.

I nā hoʻonohonoho palena palena palena (E.g., ma lalo o ka wai ma ka wai stagnant), Hiki i ka mea nui ke hele mai akā e lohi paha.

Mechanical a me nā waiwai kaulike o Al₂o₃

'Oluminum oxide:

• Hāwana (MOHS ~ 9), Hoʻonui ana i ke kū'ēʻana i ka pale.
• Smotically stable i loko o ke kino a me alkaline media a me ~ ph 9, ʻOiai e hoʻoukaʻia i ka ACIDIC ikaika (ph < 4) a iʻole alkaline (ph > 9) nā wahi.
• ʻO ka hōʻoluʻolu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hāʻawi aku i ka corrosioni kūloko (E.g., pitting) Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana.

4. ʻO keʻano o keʻano o ka alumini ma nāʻano likeʻole

Hōʻike Inshothshor

• Maloʻo maloʻo: ʻO ka'āpana hou aʻe ma mua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni; ʻO keʻano he lusturous.
• Humid karume: ʻO Oxide Townner Thickens liʻiliʻi, mālama mālama. Nāʻona ai (Pī, No -hi) hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka DOW, e pili ana i kaʻoluʻolu.
• Makehe aloha: Ua kū'ēʻo Chishide-laden Arosolols, Ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻopiliʻana ināʻaʻole pio nā pale pale.

ʻO nāʻenehana Aqueous

• Weʻai: Ua kū'ēʻo Aluminim i ka wai kūponoʻole, hana pili ana al₂o₃.
• Ke wai wai: Kukau Nui (~ 19,000 ppm) Hoʻolaha Pihaʻana. Hiki i nā pits liʻiliʻi ke hoʻokumu, Akā e waiho ana i nā'āpana lole.
• Acaidic / Alkaline Solutions:

• • ph < 4: ʻO nā dissolves, ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka mea hao i ka hoʻouka kaua wikiwiki.
  • ph > 9: ʻO Oxide pū kekahi (He hoʻonui nui Al₂o₃), e alakaʻi ana i ka corrosione ikaika.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe

ʻO luna ~ 200 ° C i ka lewa, Ua ulu ka mea e ulu ana ka bipi (i nā micrometers) I kahi helu helu parabocic.

ʻOiai e pale ana, Hiki ke hoʻonuiʻiaʻo ka hoʻonuiʻana i keʻano ma waena o al a me Al₂o₃ hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka spallation inā hoʻokūkū wikiwiki. I nā'āpana mīkini (E.g., picsons), Nā Pūnaewele Hoʻolālā no ka uluʻana o ka uluʻana o ka aila.

Kahiki Galvaniko

I ka wā e hoʻopili aiʻo Aluminim i kahi mea hao hou (Kukui Kekuhi, keleawe) Ma ke alo o kahi electrolyte, Ua liloʻo Aluminim i kahi Aode a me Corrodes i mua.

ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻana kūpono a iʻole cathodic e pale i ke kāʻeiʻana iā Galvalic Galvanic.

5. Nāʻano o keʻano o aluminum

ʻOiaiʻo Aluminim's Aluminim's Credide Moded Affords Distfords Spitentant Created Protection i lalo o nā kūlana he nui, Hiki i nāʻano likeʻole a me nā kaumaha ke hoʻowalewale i nāʻano corrosione maʻamau.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai (I kekahi manawa i kapaʻiaʻo Corrosion) pili i ka nalowale o ke metala ma waena o nā papa i hōʻikeʻia.

I Aluminum, Ke hele neiʻo Uniform Corrosion i ka wā e pale ai ka pipi (Al₂o₃) nā pale a lilo i mea paʻaʻole, eʻae ana i ka metala lalo i ka oxidize ma kahi kokoke loa.

Pihaʻana

Hoʻomaka ka Pitting i ka wā o ka chloride a iʻole nā ​​mea e ae i nā mea e ae ai i ka mea e wāwahi aiʻo Al₂O₃ i kahi pākuʻi a Al₂₃.

Hoʻokahi kahi pākuʻi, e kū pono ana ka acidice kūloko (Ma muli o ka hydrolysis o nā al³⁺), E hoʻokaʻawale hou i ka alumina a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hohonu hohonu.

ʻO ka morphology nui pinepine pinepine a hohonu loa, Ke hoʻokūkū nei i kaʻike ma mua o ka hui nuiʻana.

Intergranur corrosior

Intergranur corrosior (Igc) E hoʻouka i ka palena palena palena nui, pinepine ma kahi o nā mea e hoʻonuiʻia ai nā mea a pau i ka wā o ka mālama wela (E.g., I ke kiʻekiʻe 150-350 ° C).

ʻO kēia mau mea nui (Cu-waiwai, Mg₂si, a iʻole al₂cu) E hoʻokaʻawale i ka pā o ka ATJOCET OTRIX o ALYOYING SUTEDS, Ke hana nei i kahi ala anidrow ma keʻano he mau palena palaoa.

I ka wā i huiʻia ai i nā wahi kūpono, ʻO nā palena o Grain Coundaride ma mua o nā interors grain, hopena i loko o ka palaoa i hāʻule a iʻole nā ​​ala pōkoleʻole.

ʻO ka hakakāʻana o ke kaumaha (SCC)

ʻO SCC kahiʻano hana hana synergistic e pono ai iʻekolu mau kūlana: kahi alloy, he kaiāulu, a me ke kaumaha kaumaha (ka nohoʻana a iʻole noiʻia).

Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, Hoʻomaka ka poʻe i nā pahu i ka metala / oxide interface a me ka propigate intergranularly a iʻole transgranularly ma lalo o ka ikaika o ke kaumaha.

Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni

Kūkuluʻiaʻo Crevice Corrosionion ma nā pale a iʻole nā ​​wahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia, rive bit, a iʻole nā'āpana'āpana-kahi e loaʻa ai kahi electrolyte stagnant i ka oxygen.

I loko o ka crevice, Hoʻokomoʻia ka weheʻana i ka metala a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ke kaiāulu kūloko (Al ₂₂ → al³⁺ + 3ʻAe).

Ka hopena o ka cathodic (ka hoʻemiʻana o ka maʻi maʻi maʻi) e kū ana ma waho o ka crevice, Ke hoʻokele nei i ka weheʻana i kaʻaihue i loko.

Chordide i nā mea iʻikeʻia i loko o ka crevice e mālama i ka hanaʻana i ka pono, ka hoʻokōʻana i ka hoʻoukaʻana.

ʻO ka papaʻaina -ʻo Aluminum Corrosoms

6. Nā hopena'ē aʻe ma luna o ke kū'ēʻana

ʻO nā'ōkuhi intrinmini o Aluminim corrossion, adherinum oxide (Al₂o₃) Pipai Pūnaewele.

Akā naʻe,, I ka hanaʻenehana, Ma kahi kokoke i kahi alluminural allumum e hoʻohanaʻia ma keʻano alloyed, a hiki i kēlā me kēia koho a me keʻano nui ke hoʻohālikelike nui i ka paʻa a me ka pale o kaʻeke o ka one.

Alumini;. Apana Apana Aluminum

• AL ALMInim (1100 Nā mo'ānō): ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosion corrosion ma muli o nāʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi; hoʻohanaʻia no nā lako hana.
• 2xxx series (Al-c): ʻO ka paleʻana o ka paleʻana, ʻO ka nui o nā alloys (E.g., 2024), e hoʻopili i ka SCC a me ka hoʻouka kauaʻana.
• 5xxx series (AL-mG): ʻO ke kūwaho maikaʻiʻo Marine Corrosionion; maʻamau ma nā moku hulls (E.g., 5083, 5052).
• 6xxx series (Al -mg -i): ʻO ka ikaika ikaika a me ke kū'ēʻana; Hoʻohana nuiʻia ma nā mea hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū (E.g., 6061).
• 7xxx series (Al-zn-mg): Ikaika kiʻekiʻe akā akā maʻalahi e scc me kaʻole o ka hana kūpono.

ʻO ke kolo keleawe, Magnesum, Silikino, Zinc, a me nā mea'ē aʻe

• keleawe: Hoʻonui i ka ikaika akāʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pale ai i ke kū'ēʻana a me ke kū'ēʻana.
• Magnesum: Hoʻopiliʻo Enhances Corrosion i loko o nā wahi moana a hiki ke hoʻolaha i ka corrosonir intergranur ināʻaʻole i kāohiʻia.
• Silikino: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai a me ka pā; E like me A356 E hōʻike i ka hana maʻalahi.
• Zinc: Hāʻawiʻia i ka ikaika akā hōʻemi i ke kūʻana o ka paleʻana.
• Nā mea maʻamau (Lia, Mn, Cr): Hoʻemi i nā inmetmental detmental; Kōkuaʻo MN, pōmaikaʻi i keʻano o ka corrosion.

ʻO ka mālama wela a me nā mana microstructure

• Hoʻomehana wela wela a me ka wā kahiko: E hoʻokaʻawale i nā meaʻino, ʻO ka hōʻemiʻana i nā'ōkuhi intergunirular.
• Pili: Ua hiki i nā mea kīwī i nā mea nāʻaoʻao i nā palena kīwī hiki ke loaʻa i ka corrosione.
• Hoʻonui nui: Koi pono i ka mālama ponoʻana i ke kaulike ikaika a me ka corrosion.
• Hana Hana: Ka hana anuanu (E.g., Kauwili) hiki ke hana i nā dislocations e hoʻonui i keʻano o ka corrosition kūloko ināʻaʻole i hahaiʻia e ka hoʻohuihui kūpono.

7. ʻO nā hana pale a me nā hana ponoʻole

Anodizing

• Ke kaʻina hana: E kūkuluʻo Oxidationx Electrika (10-25 μm).
• Nāʻano:

• • Sulfuric acid Anodizing (Type II): Maʻamau no nā huahanaʻoihana a me nā huahana kūʻai (kāheaʻia).
  • Paʻakikī paʻakikī (Tymei): 'Ohi (25-100 μM), ʻO ka paleʻana i nā pale kiʻekiʻe; hoʻohanaʻia ma ka mīkini a me ka aerospace.
  • Chromic acid anidizing (Pākuʻi I): 'Ō (5-10 μM), ʻoi aku ka paleʻana o ka corrosion, Hoʻololiʻo Minumal Dimensional; hoʻohanaʻia no nā'āpana aerospace.

• KA MANAWA: Hoʻoponoponoʻo Corrosion Corroson, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka adhesion no nā pena, Hoʻopau i nā hoʻopauʻana.

Nā constings

• Chromite hoʻololi hoʻololi: Hexavant a iʻole he meaʻole i hoʻokumuʻia; Hāʻawi i ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana a me ka hoʻopiliʻana.
  ʻO nā hopohopo kaiāulu e lawe ana i nā koho koho.
• Na Pakona Photshate: ʻOkoʻa ma ka alumini; i kekahi manawa i hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka adhesion petsion.
• Nā koho balota non-chrome: Fluorige-hoʻokumu, ZircConte, a iʻole toptate e hāʻawi i nā pale corrosion e pale me keʻano he nui o ka chromium.

Nā lole kani

• Nā wai inu wai: Nā mea nui epoxy, Polyurethane Topcoats, a iʻole nā ​​fluoropolymer feffhes pale i ka pale a me ka uv.
• ʻO ka pauka: Poule, epoxy, a iʻole e hoʻopiliʻia ai nā poli polyurethane a i hoʻopaʻaʻia e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua haʻaleleʻo Twiker Coveric i ka corrosioni a me ka abrasion.

ʻO Canhodic Profer a me nā maʻi maʻi

• Palapala Alamoo (Zinc, Magnesum): Ua hoʻohanaʻia ma ka moana kai e pale i nā hoʻonohonoho alumini; ʻO keʻano o keʻano he corrodent.
• Mahalo i kēia manawa: ʻOkoʻa ka liʻiliʻi no nā mea liʻiliʻi alumini liʻiliʻi; hoʻohana no nā hana nui.

8. Hopena

Hana aluminum ʻaʻole kū I ka noʻonoʻo kūpono, aka, o ia he corrode, ka hana maʻamau e hana ana i kahi'āpana oxtide stable e pale aku ai iā ia mai ka hoʻouka houʻana.

ʻO ka paleʻana o keʻano o keʻano, hui pū me kānaʻano hoʻoikaika ikaika, e kūpono no ka hanaʻana i nāʻoihana i kaʻoihana mai Aerospace e kūkulu.

Akā naʻe,, ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kona mau maninces, nā palena kaiāulu, a me nā pale pale he mea nui e hōʻoia ai i kona lōʻihi a me ka hana.

Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka alloy kūpono, mālamaʻona, a me na olelo hoopii, Hiki i ke aeminim ke hāʻawi i nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka mālamaʻana i ka lawelawe.

 

Nā kuhi hewa maʻamau

ʻOiai ke aʻoʻia neiʻo Aluminim i keʻano o keʻano, ʻO kekahi mau kuhi hewaʻole e hoʻomau i kaʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻopunipuni.

Ke kāhea nei i kēia mau kuhi hewa e kōkua i nā mīkini hana, Manaʻoʻia, a me nā mea hoʻohana e hana i nā hoʻoholo iʻikeʻia i ka wā e koho ai a mālama paha i nā'āpana aluminim.

"Aluminumʻaʻole i corrodes"

ʻO kahi manaʻo nui e hoʻopaʻaʻia e paʻa anaʻo Aluminim i nāʻano āpau o ka corrosion. I loko o kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻOiaiʻaʻoleʻo Alminim i meaʻole e like me ka kila, e mau ana ia.

ʻO kāna kiʻi kiʻi kūlohelohe (Al₂o₃) puka kokoke koke i ka hoʻolahaʻana i ka lewa, Hāʻawi i nā mea maikaʻi loa-akāʻaʻole pono-palekana-palekana.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī e like me nā mea waiwai a chloride-waiwai a iʻole nā ​​mea hoʻonaninani, Hiki i kēlā papa inoa Passive ke wāwahi, e alakaʻi ana i ka piko a iʻole crevice corrosion.

No laila, ʻOiaiʻo Aluminim pinepine pinepine i nā mea i waho, Pono ia e koi i ke koho koho kūpono kūpono a me ka mālamaʻana i keʻano no ka lōʻihi.

"ʻO ka pauloke keʻokeʻo ma ka alumini

I ka wā e hoʻomohala ai nā papahele alumini, ʻO ka nohoʻana o ka PowDery-maʻamau i kapaʻiaʻo "ke aloha keʻokeʻo" -Many e manaʻo neiʻaʻole ia he hoʻoweliweli.

Akā naʻe,, ʻO kēia mau hopena popder mai ka hydroxide a iʻole nā ​​waihona kālā e pili ana i lalo o keʻano haʻahaʻa a iʻole kaʻike.

Waihoʻia, Hiki i kēia mau waihona ke mālama i ka mika i luna i ka metala, ʻO ka nānāʻana i ka corrosized kūloko ma lalo o ka kūkuluʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau a me ka paleʻana o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka noiʻana e pale aku ai i ka paleʻana i ka pōʻino, i nā mea kila i hōʻikeʻia a iʻole nā ​​lālā hoʻonohonoho.

"ʻO nā alloys aluminum a pau i loaʻa i keʻano o ka hana"

ʻO kekahi kuhi hewa kekahi a pau a Alminim Alloys Exhibit Corroson. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka hana me ka hana.

ʻo kahi laʻana, 5xxx series (Mg-beang) Hōʻike nā alloys i ke kū'ēʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho martine,

Ma kahi o 2xxx a me 7xxx facord (Cu- a me zn-choice) e pohō i ka hoʻopiha a me ke kaumaha.

Ke manaʻo nei i kahi uku haʻahaʻa, E lawa ka nui o ka alloy kiʻekiʻe ma ka hopena o nā kaiāulu.

Pela no, e wehewehe ana i nāʻano kūpono kūpono a me ka hoʻowalewale-a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i keʻano a iʻole ka hoʻopiliʻana i keʻano o ke olaʻoihana makemake.

"ʻO Galvanic Corrosiot wale nō i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi"

Manaʻo kekahi mau mea hoʻolālā i ka corrosion corrosion wale nō i nā hana koʻikoʻi a iʻole ka lawelaweʻana i ka lawelawe.

I ka oiaio, ʻOiai he nui o ka nui o ka wai, e like me ke kakahiaka nui i loko o kahi aniani kahakai, hiki ke hana i ka hana nui

E hoʻomaka i kahi kelepona galvanic ma waena o nā mea pāʻani alumini a me ke kaula keleawe, a iʻole alumini paha e hoʻopili me ka kila kila.

Ua holo ʻoi aʻe ka manawa, ʻO ka acodic Anuminim e corrode maʻamau, e alakaʻi ana i nā mea hoʻokūkū a iʻole ka hakakāʻana.

E pale i kēia, Pono nā meaʻenehana e hōʻoia mau i nā metala a iʻole e wehewehe i nā mea hoʻokūkū kūpono.

"ʻO Anodizing e hana i ka alumini piha loa-hōʻoia-hōʻoia"

Ua hoʻomaikaʻiʻo Anodizing e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paleʻana o Corrosion e shackey, Akā,ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ka Aluminim i konoʻia.

Hiki i nā papahele paʻakikī ke hoʻomohala i nā microcracks inā i hōʻikeʻia i keʻano o ke aloha a iʻole ke kaumaha, a me kaʻole o ka hōʻailona kūpono, Ke hoʻomau nei lākou i nā mea kū'ē kū'ē.

NOEHUI, Ke hilinaʻi wale nei ma luna o kahi sulfuric maʻamau-acid acid acide no ka nohona moana e alakaʻi i ka nui o ka manawa.

ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka hoʻohuiʻana me nā mea kūʻai aku, topcoats, a iʻole e lilo pinepine ai ka pale cathoderic no nā noi noi.

"ʻO nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a Alminim a Alminim Alleviates all Corrosion Foods"

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hoʻonui i ka paleʻana o Alumini a Alminim, Akā naʻe 99.99% Hiki i nā aluminim maʻemaʻe ke hōʻeha i ka curvice ma lalo o nā gaskets a iʻole i loko o nā hoʻopili i hoʻopaʻaʻia.

Trace incuraties-hao, Silikino, copper-tend e hoʻopili i nā palena palaoa, Ke hana nei i nā cell galvanic kūloko.

I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Alumini kiʻekiʻe loa (E.g., 1100) Eʻike i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi pili i nā noi kūpono no ka meaʻaʻole lākou e hoʻonui i ka ikaika mechanical e uku no ka hoʻouka kauaʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe me nā mea pono e pono ai nā mea e pono ai.