1. Hōʻikeʻike
ʻO Shops Mar vs Insinless Steel he hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ka naʻau o ka puʻuwai o kaʻenehana nui, hana ai.uk, a me nā hoʻoholo hoʻoholo.
ʻO kēia mau meaʻelua, kēlā me kēia me nā aʻa mōʻaukala hohonu a me ka hoʻopauʻana i ka pilinaʻoihana, E hoʻomau i keʻano pehea e kūkulu ai mākou, Nā hua, a komo mai.
Mai ka kuki a me ka hanaʻana i nā'ōnaehana automotive a me nā mīkini kūpono, ʻOi aku ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma mua o ka texnical-he hoʻolālā.
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kā lākou mea hana nui he mea nui loa.
ʻOiai ke hāʻawiʻana i ka hao hao, ʻO ka maikaʻi loa, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono i ka mālamaʻana, ʻO nā steellentless steel sefles i loko o ke kuʻekuʻe corrosion, kumaikalua, a me ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Hōʻike kēiaʻatikala i kaʻenehana, Apono, a me nā mea kūpono o nā lakoʻelua, Hāʻawi i nāʻike i kaʻike-driven e hōʻike i nā koho koho.
2. He aha ka hao hao?
Hae hao he hui o ka hao hao-carbon alloys me a ʻoi aku ka nui o kaʻike 2.0%, ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau mai 2.0% i 4.0%, me 1.0%-3.0% Sili a me nā'āpana nui o ka manganese, Sulfur, a me phospoprus.
ʻAʻole like me ke kala kala a iʻole ke kila, ʻAʻole maikaʻiʻoleʻo ka hao ma muli o konaʻike kiʻekiʻe, ka mea nāna e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻokumuʻana o nā miclestrustrist.
Akā naʻe,, kona kūʻokoʻa whola, E kāʻei i ke kū'ē, and ikaika ikaika hana ia he cornestone i nā noi hana a me ka mīkini kuhikuhi.
Microstructure a me ka alloying
ʻO ka wehewehe wehewehe o ka hao hao moloka, ʻO nāʻano e pili ana i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana.
Ka morphology o ke kalapu-a iʻole ia e like Kākau Pūnaewele, NODALUS, a iʻole nā kaʻa-Determines i ka mea hana a me keʻano o keʻano.
ʻO nā uku hoʻomehana, nā mea'ē aʻe, a me nā hanaʻenehana i loko o ka hoʻoleiʻana i nā mea āpau i ka hana hope loa.
ʻAno o ka hao hao
| ʻAno | Moloka | Nā mea nui | Hoʻohana maʻamau |
| Iron Roil | Slake kiʻi i loko o ferrite / peʻa | ʻO ka Mancinability maikaʻi, ʻO ka papaʻaina | Nā poloka mīkini, kuʻina |
| Ui | Kiʻi kiʻi nodular ma Ferrite / Pursite | Koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻO ka ikaika maikaʻi loa | Pipes, nā'āpana automotive |
| Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo | Cementite (Likahi) a me ka hui | Hāwana, henia, ʻO ka pale o Abrasion Freasion | Nā'āpana Mile, ʻO nā Pumps |
| Compated silctite hao (Cgi) | Kiʻi ma keʻano hoʻohālikelike | Kaulike o ka ikaika, Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua | ʻO nā papa make make, Nā meakino |
3. He aha ke kila stiinless?
Kila kohu ʻole heʻohana o Nā Allys e pili ana i ka hao ike mua no ko lakou Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, ua loaʻa ma o ka liʻiliʻi chromium kaʻike o 10.5%.
Ua hanaʻia kēia Chromium me ka oxygen i ke kaiapuni e hana i kahi ho'ōla pilikino, irting lart o Chromium Oxide (Cr₂o₃) e pale i ka mea hao mai ka oxidation a me ka hoʻouka kauaʻana.
LikeLalohi kelepona, ʻO nā mea hana e maʻalahi ai i nā wahi mist, ʻO nā mea kila kila pitting, Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni, a ke aloha, Ke kūpono nei i nā noi no nā noi e koi ana i ka hygiene, durability, a me ka lōʻihi loa.
ʻO nā mea mua
| Mua | Kaonaʻeha (%) | Kumu |
| Chromium (Cr) | 10.5-30 | Hana i ka papa hana passive; Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion |
| Nickel (I) | 0-35 | Hoʻopaʻaʻia; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ductility a paʻakikī |
| Mybrideum (Mo) | 0-6 | Hoʻopili i ke kū'ēʻana i ka pitting / crevice corrosion |
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | ≤ 1.2 | Hoʻokiʻoki i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | 0.5-2 | Hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka hana wela a me ka ikaika |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0-0.3 | E hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonā paʻa paʻa; E hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ēʻana |
Nā'āpana nui o nā kila kila
| ʻAno | Nā hiʻohiʻona | Moloka | Nā mea nui | Hoʻohana maʻamau |
| Austetetitic | 304, 316, 321 | Cubic cub (Fcc) | Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion, non-magnetic, koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, mea maikaʻi | Nā lako hana meaʻai, Piping, Nā'Ka, Kānekaha |
| Ferritic | 409, 430, 446 | Cubic cubic (Bcc) | Magnetic, ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana, ʻO ka paleʻana o ka oxidation maikaʻi, uku haʻahaʻa | ʻO nā'ōnaehana exhaust exhaust, Nā hana hana, demirative trim |
| Martesestic | 410, 420, 440C | Kino kino kino (Bctkau ma na) | Paʻakikī paʻakikī a me ka ikaika i ka wā e mālamaʻia ai ka wela, ke kū'ēʻana i ka paleʻana, magnetic | Kā mākou kā'ā, Nā'āpana o Turbine, Nā Hana Hana Kūʻai, Pumps |
| Duplex | 2205, 2507 | Hui pūʻia fcc + Bcc | Ikaika loa, Ke kū'ē nei i ka paleʻana i ke kaumaha o ka corrosion checking a me ka pitting | ʻO nā mea hoʻonaniʻo Marine, Nā Mokuahi, nā ipu koʻikoʻi |
| Hoʻonui nui (Ph) | 17-4 Ph, 15-5 Ph | Martestitic / Semi-Austeticic | Ikaika loa ma hope o ka mālamaʻana, ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ka corrossion maikaʻi, hana wela | Na'Āpanaʻo Aerospace, nā mea hana nuklea, Nā Hana Hana Hana |
4. Nā mea hana o nā mea hao o ka mea hao hao haoʻole
Ke kohoʻana ma waena hae hao and kila kohu ʻole, ʻO nā mea like mechanical aia ma waena o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa e loiloi ai.
Pā'ālua compastration:
| Waiwai | 'Āpana hina | 'Āwili hao hao | ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic (e.g. 304) | Martelitic Vielless Steel (e.g. 440C) | ʻO ka kila kila fuplex (e.g. 2205) |
| Ikaika ikaika | 150-300 mPA | 450-700 mPA | 500-750 mpa | 760-1950 MPA | 620-900 mPA |
| Ka ikaika | ʻAʻole maikaʻi | 310-450 mpa | 200-300 mPA | 450-1600 mPA | 450-650 mpa |
| Hālulu (Mau Kanaka Waiwai) | 180-230 hb | 150-300 HB | 150-200 hb | 200-600 HB | 250-300 HB |
| Kumaikalua (Ewangantion) | < 1% (henia) | 10-18% | 40-60% | 2-20% | 25-35% |
| ʻO ka paleʻana o ka momona | Ilihune | Loli | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono |
| Shock toveance | Ilihune | Maikaʻi loa | Kūpono | Loli | Maikaʻi loa |
| Hoʻopili i nā pale pale | Loli | Maikaʻi-maikaʻi | Loli | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa |
| ʻO ke kāʻeiʻana i keʻano | Maikaʻi loa (kiʻi kiʻi-lubricated) | Loli | Loli | Loli | Maikaʻi loa |
| Fretting / galling resistance | Ilihune | Loli | Maikaʻi loa (hoʻomaikaʻi me ka hoʻolaha) | Maikaʻi loa (Ma hope o ka paʻakikī) | Maikaʻi loa |
5. Thermal & Nā hiʻohiʻona kino o ka hao hao ma keʻano he kila kila
Ke kohoʻana i nā meaʻenehana no nā'ōnaehana hana, kuʻina, Nā Kūlana Kūlana, a iʻole nā mīkini,
nāʻano kūlohelohe a me ke kino e like me huakai, Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua, wela wela, and ka hoʻonuiʻana he pivotal.
Pā'ālua compastration:
| Waiwai | 'Āpana hina | 'Āwili hao hao | ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic (304) | Martelitic Vielless Steel (440C) | ʻO ka kila kila fuplex (2205) |
| Huakai (kg / m³) | 7,100-7,300 | 7,000-7,300 | 7,900-8,000 | 7,700-7,800 | 7,800-8,000 |
| Ikaika kiko'ī (MPA /(kg / m³)) | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa (≈, 370е-0.05) | Loli (≈е7-0.09) | Loli (≈ 0.09) | High (a i 0.25) | High (≈ 0.12-0.15) |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua (W / m · c · k) | 45-55 (Kūpono) | 35-50 | 14-16 (hoʻohaʻahaʻa) | 24-30 (loli) | 20-30 (loli) |
| Ka hoʻonuiʻana (μm / m · k) | ~ 10-11 | ~ 11-12 | 16-18 (High) | 10-12 | 13-15 |
| ʻO ka mana wela (J / KIG · K) | 450-550 | 450-500 | 500-520 | 460-500 | 470-500 |
| Ke kū'ē neiʻo Thermal Shock | Maikaʻi loa (Iron Roil) | Loli | Maikaʻi-maikaʻi | Ilihune | Maikaʻi loa |
| Ke nānāʻana i ke kū'ē (>600° C) | Ilihune | Kūpono | Kūpono | Loli | Kūpono |
6. Kuupuiawi & Hana kūlohelohe
ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosionion a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohālikelike i ka lōʻihi a me ka hana o nāʻelua hae hao and kila kohu ʻole I nā wahi likeʻole.
ʻO Oxidation a me ka wikiwiki
- Hae hao:
Hae hao, mauʻano hina a me nāʻano likeʻole, piha i nā mea hao nui e pili ana i nā hopena kūpono me ka oxygen a me ka misture e hana i nā'āpana hao hao ('ōwili).
Ua hanaʻo Toode Toodide Toodeer a paleʻole, eʻae ana i ka corrosion i loko o nā'āpana a iʻole nā wai haʻahaʻa. - Kila kohu ʻole:
ʻO nā mea kila Stoineless i loaʻa i kona paleʻana i ka pale, haohao Chromium Oxide (Cr₂o₃) Passive Paying hana kūlohelohe ma luna o konaʻaoʻao.
Hana kēia kiʻi kiʻi i kahi pā, pale aku i ka oxidation hou. ʻO ka papa hana passive e ho'ōla ana iāʻoe iho i mua o ka oxygen, mālama i ka paleʻana ma hope o ka hōʻino kino liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o nā hana:
| Pili | Hae hao | Kila kohu ʻole |
| Genenation Corrison | E pili ana i ka holo | ʻO ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa |
| Ke kū'ē kū'ē | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High (316 a me nā helu Duplex) |
| Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni | Pilikia nui | Mitigated ma o ka hoʻolanaʻana |
| Koikuomahma | Ilihune | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e pono ai |
Nā mea kino kino & Ka pale
| Waiwai | Nā hana maʻamau | Hopena & Kumu |
| Hae hao | - Kaukaukau (aila curing) | Nā mea i hōʻikeʻiaʻo hydrophobic crabonarized; Kukulu Hoʻohui |
| - Nāʻeha a me nā lole (epoxy, enamel) | Pale aku i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka pilina; ka hoʻohanaʻana | |
| - Galvaniration (Zinc cheating) | 'Okalaleloʻo'odelelo Monede | |
| Kila kohu ʻole | - Hoʻolauna (ʻO nā hana hana ACID) | E hoʻonui i ka pale o ka cexide ma ka mānoanoa a me ka lole |
| - Uilaiauliwi | Hoʻemi i ka paʻakikī; hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ē kū'ē | |
| - Nā pāpale (Pvd, nitriding) | Hoʻomaikaʻi i nā lole a me ke kū'ēʻana i ke kū'ē no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kūikawā |
7. Hana ai.uk & Nā mea hoʻonani o ka hao hao haoʻole
ʻO nā koho pono e hana ikaika i nāʻano hana, nā kumukūʻai lole, a me nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi.
Hoʻolei i ka hao a me nā mea kila maikaʻiʻole i kēlā me kēia i nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa e pili ana i kā lākou Kauhi, Kākau, markinpalibility, Welding, a me ka hui pūʻana.
Ke kāhea nei i nā kaʻina hana / hana i hanaʻia
| Kaʻina hana | Hae hao | Kila kohu ʻole |
| Nā kaʻina hana maʻamau | Phippy Kauhi; hiki ke komo i ke one, Shell, and Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai | Ka hapa nui Kāleʻa a me nā kaʻina hana hana; Ua hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Casting akā liʻiliʻi |
| Whola | ʻO ka kiʻi maikaʻi loa ma ka hao hao e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai a hōʻemi i nā hemahema | Maikaʻi loa, akā,ʻo nā mea kila kila e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma nā papa kiʻekiʻe (a puni 1400-1450 ° C) e koi ana i nā mana hiʻona |
| ʻO ka geometry paʻakikī | Kūpono no nāʻano likeʻole a me nā'āpana hola (Nā poloka mīkini, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike) | E kala mai a me ke alaʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, Nā Kūlana Pono; ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū paʻakikī e hiki ai akā me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa |
| Post-ho'ōla | Koi i ke kalaʻana i ka minimal; pinepine pinepineʻia mai ka hoʻoleiʻana | Hana pinepineʻia a iʻoleʻia ma mua o ka machining e hoʻonui ai i nā waiwai mechanical |
Keʻena Kūʻai:
ʻO ka hale kūʻai o ka White i ke kumukūʻai o ka hao e hana ai i ke kumukūʻai paʻakikī, mea prheys, a me nā'āpana nui,
ʻOiai ke nānā pinepine neiʻo Steel i keʻano hana i nā kaʻina hana hana ʻO ka hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana dimensional.
Markinpalibility
| Waiwai | Markinpalibility | Nā manaʻo'ōlelo |
| 'Āpana hina | High (ʻO ka pīpī maikaʻi loa a me ka lubrication pono'ī) | ʻO nā flakes pickete e hana ai i nā lubricants, ho'ēmi i ka lole lole |
| 'Āwili hao hao | ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka hao hina | Koi i ka hana hana; ʻO ke ola maikaʻi ke ola ma mua o ka hao hina |
| ʻO kahi kila kila Austetetitic | ʻIlihune i ka maʻalahi | Hana ikaika-paʻakikī wikiwiki; koi i nā mea hana koʻikoʻi a me nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa |
| Martelitic Vielless Steel | Maikaʻi loa i ka maikaʻi (Ma hope o ka mālama wela) | ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī akāʻoi aku ma keʻano he aupuni |
| ʻO ka kila kila fuplex | Loli | Ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a me ka machinibility |
Welding, Mohaihala, a me nā hanana hui
| Aspect | Hae hao | Kila kohu ʻole |
| Welding | Paʻakikī ma muli o nāʻikepili kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e lilo i brittleness; nāʻenehana kūikawā e like ai ʻO nā metals filler nukel, manaihi, a me ka nānāʻana i ka hana wela wela e pono ai | Maikaʻi loa i loko o nā helu austetitic a me nā helu duplex; Ponoʻo Martestitic i ka wela wela e pale aku i ka paleʻana |
| Brazing / kūʻai aku | Maʻamau no ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hui; Hiki i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i ka wela wela | Hoʻohana nuiʻia ma nā'āpana liʻiliʻi; ʻO ka nānāʻana i keʻano o ka brazing e makemakeʻia no ka paleʻana o ka corrosione |
| Kāhea | Ua'ākoakoa pinepineʻia me nā bolts a iʻole nā flanges; Machina e pono ai no nā pono paʻa | Hiki ke paʻa a paʻa paha; Hāʻawi nā welds, Nā Kūlohelohe-resistant |
| Kauhai | Minor Contortion ma muli o ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; ka hopena o ka paleʻana inā he ho'ēmiʻoleʻia | Hiki i ke hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻia; pono i ka ho'ōlaʻana |
ʻO nā pilikia nui:
- Hae hao pilikia nā welds ʻO ke anuanu anuanu a me ka pasosity Ma muli o nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a me nā kūlana kaumaha. Manaihi (>200° C) he mea pono e pale i ka pīhoihoi.
- Kila kohu ʻole nā mea iʻikeʻia ʻO ka naʻau a me ka intergranur Inā hoʻohana ponoʻia akā maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ka weld, nui loa ma nā helu assetetitic a me nā papa duplex.
- ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka brazing me nā hoʻoponopono hao, ʻOiai ke hilinaʻi pinepine neiʻo Steel i ke kila i ka weheʻana i ka hanaʻana a iʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana no ka hana paʻaʻana no keʻano kūpono.
8. Nā noiʻana o ka hao hao hao
| Kahua noi | ʻO nā'āpana maʻamau o ka hao hao | Nā mea maʻamau craelless ceel maʻamau |
| Kaʻa kaʻa | Nā poloka mīkini, Nā poʻo cylinder, Mea Rook | Nā'ōnaehana exhaust, Nā mea hoʻohuli, Nā'āpana trim |
| Kūkulu hoʻi & Hewakai | Uhi kuikahi, pipes, Frainage Fittys | Nā palapala hana, Handrail, nā mea hana paʻa |
| KakonaʻO YouPeso & Kuʻina | Skallets, ʻO nā umu dutch, griddles | Nā puʻu kuke, Kā mākou kā'ā, Na Halinawal, nā lako hana meaʻai |
| ʻO nā mīkini & Mea hana hana | Nā kāpili pump, nā holohaʻana, Nā Vilves | ʻO ka coltso colts, ʻO nā kākuhi kālepa, nā mea hana wela |
| Ikaika & Mana pā'āʻu | Nā'oluaʻo Turche, Na'Āpana Engine | Nā mea hana wela, Piping, Nā mea hana |
| Marine & Of 3Ikeha | Kāpili, Nā'āpana mīkini | Deck fittys, nā mea pāʻani resoronion-resistant |
9. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi & Cons o ka hao hao ma keʻano he kila kila
Hae hao
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi:
- ʻO ka ikaika maikaʻi loa a me nā pale pale
- ʻO ka nui o kaʻili nui, ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka walaʻauʻana ma ka mīkini
- ʻO ka laweʻana o ka Thermal Conderticle a me ka hopena wela maikaʻi
- ʻO ka hale nohoʻole, Hoʻolilo i nāʻano paʻakikī a me nā'āpana nui
- Palapala maikai, nui loa ma ka hao keʻokeʻo hina
- ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kumukūʻai hana
Cons:
- Brittle me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hoʻohuli i ka paleʻana ma lalo o ka hopena
- ʻO ka pīhoihoi pīhoihoi maikaʻiʻole koe wale nōʻo Ductile Cat i nā loli hao
- Hiki i ka hanaʻana a me ka corrosion ināʻaʻole i hoʻopiliʻia a iʻole i kauʻia
- Paʻakikī i ka weld ma muli o keʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka carbon kiʻekiʻe a me ka pilikia o ka cracking
- Kaumaha me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
- Koi pono i ka mālama maʻamau e pale ai i ka corrosione
Kila kohu ʻole
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi:
- Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a hāʻawi i ka ikaika me ka maikaʻi loa a me ka paʻakikī
- Ke kū'ē nei i ka corrosioni ma muli o ka pale pale pale
- Ke kū'ē maikaʻi i ka oxidation, 'ōwaha, a me nāʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
- Maikaʻi loa, nui loa ma nā helu assetetitic a me nā papa duplex
- ʻO nā koho Wrestitalile e koho pū me ke kalaʻana, Kauwili, a me ka machining
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka paona
Cons:
- ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kumukūʻai nui a me nā uku hana
- ʻO ka hana hana hana-paʻakikī e hoʻopiʻi i ka machicates a me ke ola hana
- Hoʻololi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
- Hiki i ke hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe
- Hoʻonui i nā corrosinized kūloko e like me ka popo a me ka crevice corrosion i nā wahi chlorde
- Pono i nā kaʻina hana hana i mālamaʻia e pale i ka nānāʻana a me nā hewaʻole
10. Nā Papa Hoʻolālā: Hūnā i ka hao haoʻole
| Waiwai / Aspect | Hae hao | Kila kohu ʻole |
| Ka Hoʻolālā | Marly iron me 2-4% carbon; microstructures | Hao me 10-30% chromium pe nickel, Mybridelu, maahua |
| Nāʻano microstruple | Hinahina, ʻO Dāhihi, keʻokeʻo, compated silctite hao | Austetetitic, ferritic, Martesestic, Duplex, Hoʻonui nui |
| Ka ikaika ikaika | Ikaika ikaika: 150-300 mPA; ʻO Brittle ma ka'ā'ī | Ikaika ikaika: 500-1000+ MPA; ducile a paʻakikī |
| Hālulu | 150-400 hb (Ke hilinaʻi nei i keʻano) | 150-600 HB (Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka papaʻaina a me ka mālama wela) |
| Kumaikalua | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa (1-3% elongation) | High (40-60%% elongation ma nā helu austetitic) |
| ʻO ka paleʻana o ka momona | Loli; palenaʻia e brittleness | High; ʻO ka ikaika ikaika loa |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua | 40-55 w / m · k | 15-25 w / m · k |
| Ka hoʻonuiʻana | ~ 10-12 × 10⁻⁶⁻⁶ / ° C | ~ 16-1717 × 10 ° / ° C |
| Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion | ʻIlihune ināʻaʻole i kauʻia a iʻole | Kūpono; Hāʻawi ka mea kūʻai aku i ka pale pilikino pono'ī |
| Whola | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa i ka maikaʻi; ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe |
| Markinpalibility | Maikaʻi loa (nui ka hao hina) | Maikaʻi loa i kaʻilihune (hana paʻakikī) |
| Wawahua | Paʻakikī; koi i ka hoʻonuiʻana a me ka mea hou | Maikaʻi loa; hilinaʻi i ka papa a me ke kaʻina hana |
| Nā noi maʻamau | Nā poloka mīkini, pipes, kuʻina, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike | Meaʻai meaʻai, Kahiki iako, Nā Mokuahi |
| Kālā | ʻO nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka uku uku | ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku a me ke kumukūʻai kūʻai |
| Huakai | ~ 70 g / cm³ | ~ 7.7-8.0-G / cm³ |
11. Hopena
Ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana ma waena o ka hao hao a me nā kila maikaʻiʻole e hoʻopiliʻia.
Hae hao Loaʻa i nā static, wela wela, a iʻole nā mea hanaʻino i kahi o ka nui o ka paleʻana a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.
He ʻokoʻa, kila kohu ʻole E hoʻokau i nā noi noi e koi ana i ka paleʻana i ka lōʻihi, Hygiene, a iʻole ka hanaʻana i ke ola ma lalo o nā ukana dinamic.
ʻAʻole e pili ana ke koho koho ma keʻanoʻoi aku ka maikaʻi-e pili ana i ka kūpono.
Pono nā mīkini a me nā mea hoʻolālā e kaupaona i ka nohona, Ke lawe nei i nā kūlana, Ke Kauka Kauka, a me ka mālamaʻana i ka wā e koho ana ma waena o kēia mau mea i hōʻikeʻia.
E like me ka holomua o nāʻenehana, ʻO nā Hybrids e like me Clad Code Claureware a me Compoposite Compatibls e hoʻonui i ka piʻiʻana o nā papa ma waena o kēia mau papa hana, Ke hāʻawi nei i nā mea maikaʻi loa o nā honuaʻelua.
FaqS
Ua hoʻoleiʻiaʻo ia i ka hao ma mua o ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka kila kila?
ʻAe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā mea hao i ka maʻalahi no ka mea e lacks i kahi pale pale pale. Hoʻokomoʻia nā kila stielless i kahi kiʻi chromium chromium o ka shrisium e hāʻawi ai i ka corrossion superion.
Aia nāʻokoʻa he kumukūʻai ma waena o nā meaʻelua?
ʻAe, ʻO ke kumukūʻaiʻo ka hao i ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā meaʻelua i nā lako a me ka hoʻoiliʻana.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kila stielless akā hiki ke hāʻawi i nā uku livecycle haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o ke kūpaʻa a me ke kū'ēʻana.
O ke olakino, ʻO ka mea kila a iʻole ka hao hao?
Palekanaʻelua no ka kukeʻana, akā,ʻaʻoleʻo ka mea kila maikaʻiʻole i kahi meaʻole aʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻokuʻu i nā metas i ka meaʻai. Hiki i ka hao ke hoʻohui i ka hao maikaʻi i kāu meaʻai akā e hana hou i nā meaʻai acid.
Makemake nā chefs i ka kila kila a iʻole ka hao hao?
Hoʻohana nui nā chefs iʻelua: hoʻolei hao no ka wela a me ka huliʻana, ʻO keʻano kila no Vission, ʻO nā kāki a me ka maikaʻi o ka kukeʻana a me nā hana kuke.
He aha nā manawa lōʻihi, ʻO ka mea kila a iʻole ka hao hao?
Mālama maikaʻiʻia i ka hao hao i nā hanauna hope, Akāʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kila maikaʻiʻole i ka nui o ka mālamaʻana me ka mālamaʻana aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, hoʻolei hao a kila paha?
Aia ia i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea wela i ka hiʻona a me nā pale pale, oiai ke kila (nui loa) Hāʻawi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ka versitility.
