Hōʻikeʻike
Hoʻolei i ka paleʻana i ka hao ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kahiko a me ka nui o nā kaʻina hana kūpono e pili ana i ka hanaʻoihanaʻoihana, kaulana no kona hiki ke hana i ka paʻakikī, piha, a me nā'āpana kūpono-kūpono ma ke kāʻei.
Hoʻopili kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻohemoʻana i nā mea hao hao a me ka nininiʻana i ka metala molt, kahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia ai i loko o nāʻano mīkini i hanaʻia e hoʻopiliʻia i nā pono mechanical a me nā koi.
I kēia mau lā, Ua noho ke kauʻana i ka hao i kahi mea koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka automotive, kūkulu hoʻi, mahiai, a me nā meaʻona e pili ana i kona waiwai ma mua, ʻO ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē, a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe.
1. He aha ka mea e hoʻolei ai i ka hao?
Hae hao Hoʻokuʻuʻia nā mea kūʻai aku i nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o ka mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia (~ 1,200-1,370 ° C), ʻO ke kino kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e molten, a me ka hoʻopihapiha maikaʻi e hoʻopihapiha i nā'āpana-e hana i nā'āpana me nā geomerate intricate, mai nā pipled mau'āpana i nā mea mīkini i nā mea mīkini kaumaha.
ʻAʻole like me ke kalaʻana (ʻO nā mea like me nā mea hao paʻa) a iʻole maching (e wehe ana i nā mea), Hoʻomakaʻo Casting me ke kala wai, ʻaeʻia no nā hiʻohiʻona o loko (E.g., ʻO nā hale hoʻokahe, nā undercuts) i mea e hikiʻole ai i ke kumukūʻai a iʻole e hoʻokō ai me nāʻano'ē aʻe.
Ma kānaʻano, Ke hōʻike nei ke kaʻina hana i kaʻike o ka hao o ka hao: ʻO Carbon e noho ana e like me ke kiʻi a iʻole ke kaʻa, Ke hōʻike nei i nā waiwai a Alloy.
ʻO kēia kelepona wikiwiki-tanaloring ma o ka hoʻohuiʻana a me ka hōʻoluʻolu-hana-hana i ka hao hao e hoʻopili ana i nā noi, mai nā blocks mīkini uila e komo i nā lako hana hana-pale.
2. Nāʻano o ka hao hao i hoʻohanaʻia ma ka hoʻoleiʻana
ʻAʻoleʻo ia kahi mea hao, akā, heʻohana o nā mea hao hao-carbon e like me nā mea likeʻole, moloka, a me nā hiʻohiʻona hana.
ʻO ke koho o ka helu hao hao i hilinaʻi nuiʻia ma ka noi i manaʻoʻia, nā koina mechanical, a me ka hana hana. Ma lalo o nāʻano nui o ka hao hao i hoʻohanaʻia ma nā kaʻina hana canding:
'Āpana hina
ʻO ka hao keʻokeʻo hina ka mea nui loa i hoʻohana nuiʻia o ka hao hao, ka heluʻana no 70% o nā global global i ka hana hao.
Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa mai ke kala hina o kona wahi, ʻO nā hopena mai nā flake kiʻi i hoʻopiliʻia i loko o kahi mea ferrite a iʻole ka priceite matrix.
ʻO kēia mau lā ahi e hana i nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi, ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa akā e hoʻoikaika i ka hana a me ka heleʻana.
Kona hōʻoluʻolu o ka pāʻana, uku haʻahaʻa, aʻo ka manikini maikaʻi loa e hana ai i kahi mea kanu i loko o kaʻenehana maʻamau.
- ʻAno hiʻohiʻona: ʻO ka papa kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i hāʻawiʻia i kāna mau waiwai maikaʻi loa, Kūpono no nā noi i kahi e hōʻemi ai ka hoʻemiʻana o ka loli.
Ui (ʻO nā mea hao nodular)
Ui ua kūkuluʻia i loko 1948 E like me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana ma luna o ka hao hina hina.
Ma o ka hui pūʻana o ka magnesium a iʻole ka cerium, kiʻi ma ka microstructure i nā nodule spherical nodules ma mua o nā flakes.
ʻO kēia e hoʻonui nui i nā waiwai mechanical e like me ka thictility, paʻakikī, a me ka ikaika kaumaha. Hāʻawi i nā mea hao duticle i kahi koho koho-kūpono i ke kila i nā noi he nui a me nā noi noi.
- ʻAno hiʻohiʻona: E hoʻohui i ka mākeke o ka hina hina me nā mea hana mechanical e hoʻokokoke ana i nā mea iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea kūʻai, Kapuhi, a iʻole nā wahiʻona.
Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
ʻO ke kapa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e kapaʻia no ke keʻokeʻo, crystallialle i ka wai i laweʻia e ka halaʻole o ke kiʻi a me ka heleʻana o nā kaʻa hao hao (cementite).
Hāʻawi kēia mau kāwele i ka paʻakikī o ka alloy sectiption a me ka paleʻana i ke kū'ēʻana akā e hana nui loa ia i ka mīkini.
Hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo ka hao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā noi i loko, a iʻole he mea maikaʻi loa i ka hao hao ma o ka mālama wela.
- ʻAno hiʻohiʻona: Kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ēʻana e hoʻohana ai i ka hana kūpono no nā liners, hāʻule, a me nā papa hana i ke kumuhana e hoʻomau i ka hoʻopiliʻana.
Malleble Candy hao
Hoʻohanaʻia ka hao hao e ka wela-mālama i ka hao keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo no nā manawa lōʻihi ma waena o 850-1000 ° C i kahi hana i kapaʻia.
Hoʻopau kēia kaʻina hana i nā mea hao hao i loko o ka carbon torper (Nā Kūlana Kūʻai), ka hoʻonui nuiʻana i nā ductility a me ka hopena hopena.
ʻOiai ua hoʻololi nuiʻia e ka hao ductile i nā noi he nui, E mau ana ia i kahi mea nui ma kahi liʻiliʻi, Pono nā'āpana paʻakikī i ka paʻakikī a me ka dimensional.
- ʻAno hiʻohiʻona: Hāʻawi i kahi kaulike maikaʻi o ka ikaika a me ka maʻalahi, i nā mea kūʻai aku i loko o nā hale kiaʻi, aitompetitive, a me na kipeikepau.
Compated silctite hao (Cgi)
Compated silctite hao, a cri paha, he evolution hou i loko o ka lole hao hao, e hōʻike ana i nā'āpana kiʻi kiʻi likeʻole e like me ka pōkole, Nā Hālāwai Kūʻai.
ʻO kēiaʻano hana i ka gap ma waena o ka hina hina a me ka hao ductile i loko o ka mechanical a me ka hana maikaʻiʻole.
Hāʻawiʻo CGI i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hao hina a me ka momona maikaʻi loa ma mua o ka hao hao. Akā naʻe,, Pono ia i ka mana o ke kaʻina hana a me nā hana iconculation i hanaʻia i ka wā e kau ana.
- ʻAno hiʻohiʻona: Ka ikaika, Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua, a me ka nui, Ke hana nei i nā mea i kohoʻia no nā blocks mīkini kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻokūkū Turborachger.
3. ʻO ka huiʻana o keʻano a me nā metallinggy o ka hao hao
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūlike o nā mea i kālaiʻia i nā mea hao hao e kū ana mai kā lākou huiʻana a me nā micsostructures.
| Mua / Aspect | ʻO nā manaʻo maʻamau (%) | Hana / Hopena i ka hao hao |
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | 2.0 - 4.0 | NA MOOLELO; Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a iʻole nā kākela i hāpaiʻia, paakiki, a me ka machindability |
| Silikino (A) | 1.0 - 3.0 | Ka hana'umo sume kūpono, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai a me ka pā, stabilizes ferrite |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | 0.1 - 1.2 | E hana e like me Deoxidizer, Nā pale iā SULFRUR, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka Milima |
| Sulfur (S) | < 0.1 | Poino; e hōʻeha i ka brittleness a me ka pōkole wela, kāohiʻia e MN Additions |
| Phoshorus (P) | < 1.0 | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka uluʻana akā e hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī a me ka neʻe |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.5 - 2.5 | Hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, E kāʻei a me ka corrosion resistion i loko o nā irlos |
| Mybrideum (Mo) | 0.2 - 1.0 | Hoʻonui i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ēʻana |
| Nickel (I) | 0.5 - 2.5 | Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī, hopena kū'ē, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a stabilizes austente |
| keleawe (Cu) | 0.2 - 1.0 | Hoʻonui i ka ikaika a hoʻolaha i nā miclitructure pictopsruc |
| Magnesum (Mg) | 0.02 - 0.06 | Pono no ka nodular (ʻO Dāhihi) Ka hoʻonohonoho kiʻi |
| Kipuka / Nā Mokuna Pūnaewele | Nā helu kālā | E hōʻoluʻolu i nā nodules kiʻi kiʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā helu nodule ma ductile itus |
| Titanium (No) / Vanadium (V) | Trace i 0.5 | ʻO Grain Reneline a me Carbide form no ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē |
4. E hoʻolei i nā hana hao hao
ʻO ke kākā i kahiʻano hana hana ma kahi i hanaʻia ai ka hao hao i ka wana e hana ai i nāʻano paʻakikī e hana ai i nāʻano paʻakikī.
ʻO ke koho o ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā mea e like me ka nui o ka nui, huanui, paulapua, nā koina mechanical, a me ka hana hana.
Aia ma lalo nei kahiʻike o nā kaʻina hana maʻamau i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hao hao:
Sand cread
ʻO Sand Candingʻo ia ka mea kahiko a me ka nui o ke kumu kūʻai, Hoʻohana nuiʻia ma muli o kona hiki ke hana i nā'āpana i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi mai nā'āpana liʻiliʻi i nā'āpana ikaika.
E hoʻohana ana i nā molū ma mua, hiki ke maʻalahi maʻalahi i nā hiʻohiʻona, ʻaeʻia no nā loli wikiwiki a me nā hoʻololi.
ʻO kēia wikiwiki e hana i ka sanding ma mua no ka prototyping, haʻahaʻa-volume, a me ka hana nui.
Loaʻa:
- ʻO nā mea hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā uku uku
- Hiki ke hoʻokipa i nā hale kūʻai nui loa
- Loli no nā geomex paʻakikī a me nā loli hoʻolālā
- Kūpono no nāʻano likeʻole o nā'āpana hao hao
Noi:
- Nā papa mīkini a me nā poʻo cylinder
- Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike a me nā kino o Valve
- ʻO nā'āpana hana a me nā hana hana
- Pipe hookomo a me Manhole mile uhi
Nā pāpale pīpī pale
Nā pāpale pīpī pale hoʻonui i ke kaʻina hana o ka one ma o ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahiʻano o ka cream i kohoʻia, ʻO nā meaʻala a puni kahiʻano hoʻohālike. ʻO kēia mau hopena i ka pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea maikaʻi loa.
Ua kūpono ia no nā mea i koiʻia e like me nā mea liʻiliʻi e koi ai i nā mea hana maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ke kauʻana ma mua o ke kauʻana o ke kino.
Loaʻa:
- ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana o ka papa kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kauʻana i ka sanding
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka dimensional
- Ho'ēmi i nā koi machining
- ʻO nā mea hana maikaʻi loa no nā mea kūʻai aku no nā hale kūʻai kiʻekiʻe
Noi:
- ʻO nā'āpana kaʻa e like me nā brackets a me nā housts
- Nā kino o nā kumu kūʻai a me nā'āpana pā
- Liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i nā'āpana mīkini
ʻO Centricugual kāhea
ʻO Centricugual kāhea ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka mana o ka Centrifugal e hoʻonuiʻia e kahi'ōwili e lele ana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hao.
Hōʻike kēia i kēia mau hopena, Nā hale hana manuahiʻole me nā waiwai maikaʻi loa, nui loa ma nā papa o waho.
Ua kohoʻia ke kaʻina hana no ka hanaʻana i nā'āpana cymprical symmetrical a i makemakeʻia i ka wā e koʻikoʻi ai ka ikaika.
Loaʻa:
- ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻO nā microstructure Dense me nā hōʻemi liʻiliʻi
- Nā mea hana maikaʻi loa, komo pū me nā pale kino
- Ka hana maikaʻi o nā'āpana cylindrical a me nā'āpana tubular
- Hoʻemiʻia nā hemahema e like me ka shrinkage a me ke kino
Noi:
- Nā pipes a me nā'ōpala no ka wai, aila, a me nāʻoihanaʻaila
- Ke lawe nei i nā hiamoe a me nā lāʻau
- ʻO nā cylinders hydraulic a me nā'āpana pā
- ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe
Hoʻolei kālā
Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, a nalowale paha, kaulanaʻia no ka hanaʻana i nā hana kūlike a me nā'āpana kūpono me nā mea maikaʻi loa.
Hiki iā ia no ka hōʻemiʻana i ka post-dillimal a me nā mea kūpono kūpono no nā geomet o nā geomex a me nā'āpana likeʻole.
ʻOiaiʻoi aku ka nui a me ka palena nui, Hāʻawi ia i nā kiko'ī kiko'īʻole a me ka hoʻokele dimensional.
Loaʻa:
- Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa ka papaʻokoʻa a me ka dimensional pololei
- Hiki ke kau i nā mea paʻakikī a me nāʻano likeʻole
- MIMIMAL MACIVAL MA KE PILI ANA
- Kūpono no nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i nā helu hana medium
Noi:
- Nā mea pili aerospace e koi ana i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia
- ʻO nā'āpana Turbochger Turbochger
- ʻO nā helu pololei a me nā'āpana Valve
- Nā'āpana mīkini mīkini
Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻohālikelike
| Ke Kūleʻa Kūlana | Hoʻopau ʻili | Dimensional pololei | Nā noi maʻamau | Loaʻa | PAHUI |
| Sand cread | Loli (100-250 μm) | Loli (± 0.5%) | Nui, ʻO nāʻano paʻakikī | Uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hikiwawe | Laila, kūpono kūpono |
| Nā pāpale pīpī pale | Maikaʻi loa (50-100 μM) | High (± 0.2%) | ʻO nā'āpana kūpono i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi | ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻO ka hoʻokeleʻo Dimensonal | Uku kiʻekiʻeʻo Mod |
| ʻO Centricugual kāhea | Maikaʻi loa i ka maikaʻi | High | Cylicindr, Nā'āpana symmetrical | ʻO ka molorstructure Chesn, nā'āpana ikaika | Kaupalenaʻia i nāʻano pā |
| Hoʻolei kālā | Kūpono (<50 }m) | Kiʻekiʻe loa | Liʻiliʻi, nā mea hoʻohālikelike | Pono UUA, Nāʻano hoʻohālikelike | Waiwai, piha haʻahaʻa |
5. Nā Kūlana a me nā Pūnaewele
Ua kūʻaiʻia aku nā mea hao i nā'āpana hao no ko lākou mau wahi liʻiliʻi o kā lākou mechanical a me nā mea pilikino, ʻO ka mea e like me ka nui o keʻano o keʻano o ka hao hao, moloka, a me ke kaʻina hana i hoʻohanaʻia.
Nā mea hana o nā mea i kālaiʻia
| Waiwai | 'Āpana hina | ʻO Dāhihi (Noodular) 'Eron | Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo | Malleble Candy hao | Compated silctite hao (Cgi) |
| Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | 170 - 370 | 400 - 700 | 350 - 600 | 300 - 550 | 350 - 550 |
| Ka ikaika (Mpa) | 100 - 250 | 250 - 550 | - | 200 - 400 | 300 - 450 |
| Ewangantion (%) | 0.5 - 2 | 3 - 18 | <1 | 3 - 10 | 1.5 - 6 |
| Hālulu (HB) | 150 - 250 | 180 - 280 | 400 - 600 | 200 - 300 | 200 - 300 |
| Hopena ikaika (J) | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High | Haʻahaʻa loa | Loli | Loli |
| Modulus olasticity (GPA) | 100 - 170 | 160 - 190 | 180 - 210 | 160 - 180 | 170 - 190 |
ʻO nā waiwai pilikino o ka hao hao
| Waiwai | Kaonaʻeha / Waiwai | Nā memo |
| Huakai (g / cm³) | 6.9 - 7.3 | Hoʻololi iki ma ka papa o ka hao hao |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua (W / m · c · k) | 35 - 55 | ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale wela, Hoʻohanaʻia ma nā poloka mīkini a me kākela |
| ʻO ka hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike (× 10-° C) | 10 - 12 | Pili i ka hana dimensional i ka wā e loli ai ka mahana |
| Ka hiki | High (nui ka hao hina) | ʻO nā mea hoʻonaninani maikaʻi loa |
| Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion | Loli | Hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia e ka alloying a iʻole nā kapa |
| Malting Point (° C) | ~ 1150 - 1300 | Ke hilinaʻi nei i keʻano o keʻano a me ke kiʻi kiʻi |
6. Nā noi o nā pale hao hao
- Ka Hoʻolālā Wīwī:
Nā poloka mīkini, Nā poʻo cylinder, Kūleʻa iā Brake Kauka, nā holohaʻana, Nā'āpana i hoʻokuʻuʻia - Kūkulu a me ka infrastructure:
Pipes, KahawaiOli, nā kolamu, Nā pale lole, uhi kuikahi - Nā mīkini hana:
Nā Frame, urowing, pollowhares, nā pono hanaʻo Tillage - Mea hana hana:
Pumps, nā mea hoʻohālikelike, Nā Hāʻewa, nā kino valve - Nā mea a me nā mea home:
Skallets, Nā Hōʻailona, nā hale kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi - ʻO nā mea inu a me nā wai wai:
Nā Fitworsts Fittits, Nā Hydrants, Nā kāpili pump, uhi kuikahi
7. ʻO nā mea pono o ka hoʻoleiʻana i ka hao hao
Hāʻawiʻo Rading i ka hao i nā pōmaikaʻi nui e loaʻa ana iā ia he staple i loko o ka hanaʻana i nā kenekulia no nā kenekulia.
ʻO kēia mau pono e hana ai i kāna mau micstorut, kūmole, a me ke kumukūʻai-kūpono.
ʻO ka Mancinability maikaʻi
- 'Āpana hina, me kānaʻano flake flake, hoʻolako i ka manctionalʻokoʻa, ka hoʻemiʻana i nā mea hana a me ka manawa kūpono.
- Hiki i ka hana o ka paʻakikī, Nā mea hana pololei ma nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka paleʻana i nā pale kiʻekiʻe
- Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā kiʻi hou aku me nā microstructures paʻakikī exhibit i hōʻikeʻia.
- Kūpono no nā noi i hōʻikeʻia i nā mea hana harsh mechanical e like me nā mill milling, nā'āpana crusher, a me nā mea hana agricultural.
ʻO ka nui o kaʻili nui
- ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i loko o ka hina hina hina, Hoʻopili i ka hana a me ke ola o ka mīkini e like me nā poloka mīkini a me nā moena mīkini.
Kumukūʻai-kūpono no ka hana nui
- Sand Canding a me nāʻano hana'ē aʻe eʻae i nā hana waiwai e hana i ka hana hoʻoikaikaʻana i nāʻano paʻakikī me kaʻole o ka machicaning.
- ʻO nā mea waiwai a me nā kumukūʻai ikaika e hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā metala'ē aʻe.
ʻO keʻano maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomaha wela
- ʻO ka mea hao hao e hoʻopau maikaʻi i ka wela, Ke kūpono nei ia i nā mea hana mīkini a me nā kāki e pono ai e koi i ka hōʻiliʻili wela.
Loaʻa i nā pono a me nā pōmaikaʻi olakino
- ʻO ka mea i hukiʻiaʻo ka mea hao nui i keʻano me ka nalowaleʻole o ka maikaʻi.
- ʻO ka hoʻonaninaniʻana i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā kaʻina hana e hāʻawi i nā hana e hana pono ai.
ʻO Vertitility i nā waiwai mechanical
- Nāʻano'āpana likeʻole (hinahina, ʻO Dāhihi, malleble, Cgi) Eʻae i ka hana maʻamau o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, paakiki, a me ka paʻakikī e kūpono i nā noi.
8. Nā pilikia a me nā palena o ka paleʻana i ka hao hao
Pelekane
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā irons, ʻO ka hina hina a me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, loaʻa ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka palena palena.
ʻO kēia Brittleness e hana iā lākou e pale i lalo i lalo o nā hopena a iʻole nā ukana wikiwiki, ke kāohi nei i kā lākou hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi a iʻole nā noi.
ʻO ka Ductive a me nā kīwaha i nā IRANS e hāʻawi i ka paʻakikī i hoʻomaikaʻiʻia akā ma nā uku kiʻekiʻe.
Shrinkage a me ke kāohiʻana
Ua hele ka poʻe hao i ka hao i ka shrintric shninchige i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai, e hiki ai i ke kumu o keʻano kūloko a me nā hemahema o ka papa hana ināʻaʻole i hoʻokele ponoʻia.
Hoʻolālā maikaʻi Mold, goting, a he mea pono ke kiʻi i ka hōʻemiʻana i kēia mau mea kūʻai aku.
Paona a me ke kumukuai
Me kahi kipi a puni 7.2 g / cm³, Ua kaumaha loa nā'āpana hao.
Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea pōʻino i nā noi kahi e hōʻemi ai ka hoʻemiʻana o ka hōʻemiʻana, e like me nā mea e pono ai nā kaʻa a me nā mea e pono ai nā wahi o Aerospace.
ʻO ka pīhoihoiʻo Marmal a me nāʻoki
Hiki i nā loli wikiwiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka pīhoihoi o ke aniani i nā'āpana hao hao, e alakaʻi ana i ka hukiʻana a iʻole ke kauaʻana.
He hopohopo nui kēia i ka cukeware a me nā'āpanaʻenehana i hōʻikeʻia e like me nā wela wela.
ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosiotion
ʻOiaiʻo ka hao haoʻo Corrosioly corrosion-resistant i nā wahi he nui, He mea maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā kūlana palupalu a iʻole nāʻano acidic keʻole i paleʻia e nā lole a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
9. Hopena
ʻO ka hoʻoleiʻana i ke kāʻeiʻana i keʻano o keʻano o ka hana o nā mea hana hou, Hoʻopilikia i nā naʻauao kahiko me ka metallurgy holomua e hana i nā kumukūʻai-kūpono, nā'āpana paʻa.
Mai kaʻulaʻula hina enches blocks e hoʻomoʻa i nā vigrations i nā crane i loko, ʻO kāna mau hana maʻamau.
ʻOiai e hoʻokūkūʻia e nā mea māmā e like me ka alumini a me nā kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻO nā mea i kālaiʻia i ka paleʻana o ka hao, markinpalibility, a me ka recyclability-hōʻoia i kona pilina.
Holomua ma nā alloys (E.g., Cgi) a me nā kaʻina hana (E.g., 3D-PRSTED MOD) e hoʻonui ana i kāna mau hiki, Ke hōʻoia nei ua hoʻomau mau kaʻenehana kālepa e hoʻoholo ai.
E like me ka hoʻokeleʻana a me ka hana hana pono, E noho mau anaʻo ia i keʻano o ka hao hao, Ke aʻoʻana i ka moʻomeheu aʻo a me ka halaʻole.
FaqS
Ua heleʻo ia i ka magnetic hao?
ʻAe. ʻO nāʻano mea hao āpau he ferromagnetic ma muli o kā lākou waiwai waiwai, ʻAʻole e like me ka mea kilati.
Pehea eʻokoʻa ai ka hao o Ductile mai ka hina hina?
ʻO ka hao haoʻo Duticle, ʻO nā kiʻi spithoid, Hāʻawi iā 2-18% evengaation (vsa. gray iron’s <1%). Hana kēia iā Ductile a me ka hopena, He kūpono no nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hao?
Hiki ke hoʻopauʻia ka hao duticle me ka preheating (200-300 ° C) a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi nukel, aka he mea paʻakikī ka hina hina ma muli o ka brittleness. Ke kumu pinepine nā kāwele, No laila ua makemakeʻiaʻo Mechanical.
No ke aha i hoʻohanaʻia ai ka hao hina no nā poloka mīkini?
ʻO kāna mau kiʻi kiʻi Flake i hōʻoleʻia (ho'ēmi leo), ke alakaʻiʻana i ka thermal (Ma muli o ka nohoʻana o ka mīkini mīkini), a me ke kahua maikaʻi loa (nā hana i nā wai wai a me nā'āpana wai).
He aha ka waiwai nui o ka hao kiʻi paʻi (Cgi)?
ʻO CGI ke hui pū i ka lau hina o ka Thermal's Thermal's Thermal Encltivity me ka ikaika o Ductile, Ke kūpono nei i nā poʻo o ka diffel Engine cylinder (E.g., i nā kaʻa kaumaha) pono ia e like me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi.
