ʻO Titanium e hoʻolei ana – No ke aha e pono ai ka mālamaʻana

1. Hōʻikeʻike

ʻO Titanium e hoʻolei ana ua lilo i kahiʻenehana cornestone i nāʻoihana e noi ana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hanaʻokoʻa.

Kaulana no kona ʻO ka ikaika ikaika ikaika-i-paona, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrosiotion, a me biocomokatiboli, Kūʻo Titanium e like me kekahi o nā meaʻenehana nui loa i loaʻa i kēia lā.

Me ka wiwo ole o ka 4.51 g / cm³, Hāʻawiʻo Titanium i ka ikaika o ke kila ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kaumaha, e hana ana i ka mea AerERPPACE, olakino, Marine, a me nā noi pale.

Akā naʻe,, ʻO kēia mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa i hōʻikeʻia i nā pilikia nui. ʻO Titanium's ʻO Malking Point Point (1,668° C) a me nā hana ikaika me ka oxygen a me nitrogen e hana i nā hana casting crevel.

Kāiʻia ʻO nā lawelaweʻo Titanium no laila e pono e hana i ka paʻakikī, ʻO nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka mālamaʻana i ka hana me ka alloy a alloy a alloy.

2. He aha nā lawelawe casting casting?

Titanium nā lawelawe noho ai ka hana kūikawā kūikawā i hoʻolālāʻia e hana ʻO nā'āpana like-like-likeʻole mai Titanium a me Titinium nā Alloys ma o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā hana hoʻokele.

Pono kēia mau lawelawe nā manawa kūpono hiki ke mālama i ka Timenium hōʻano kiʻekiʻe, ʻO Malking Point Point (1,668° C), a me keʻano hana metallirgical.

ʻAʻole e makemake i ka hoʻokeleʻana i keʻano metala, ʻO Titanium e kāhea ana i nā koi ʻO nā wahi hakahaka a iʻole nā mea hana hau (ʻO ka'āina maʻamau) I mea e pale ai i ka hikiʻana e ka oxygen, nitrogen, a iʻole hydrogen, hiki ke kumu i ka brittleness a me nā hemahema.

Kahi mea hou aʻe, nā lau manu kiʻekiʻe (ua nohoʻia me yttria a zirconia) hoʻohanaʻia no ka mea hiki i ka titanium ke hana me nā mea kuʻuna maʻamau e like me Silica a iʻole Alumina.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā lawelawe cattining casting e hui pū:

• Hana kūpono ': Hiki ke hana i nā geomet paʻakikī a me nā'āpana likeʻole me ka machival minumal.
• ʻO nāʻenehana meno holomua: Hoʻohanaʻana o ʻO ka hoʻomehanaʻana i keʻano (Vim) Oole ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka skull (ISM) E mālama pono i ka hoʻohuihui alloy.
• ʻO nā hana mālama: Nā kaʻina e like me ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela (Hip), Ke kahakahaʻana i ke ao, and Kauka Malika E hoʻonui i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka hoʻopauʻana.

3. ʻO Titanium e like me kahi mea - no ke aha e pono ai ka mālamaʻana

ʻO Titanium i ke poʻo o ke poʻo hanaʻO Steel-e like me ka ikaika ma ~ 40% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Superb Corrosionion, a me biocomokatiboli-Ne me kahi hoʻonohonoho o ka metallirgical a me ka hoʻololiʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona e hana ai ʻO ka hana maʻamau e hana pono ai.

Ke kāhea neiʻo Titanium e lele ana i nā hinges ma luna constenting atmothore, ʻO nā chemistiesʻo Moll, ʻO nāʻenehana uila kiʻekiʻe, a me ka post-casting densification / kūlana.

Kahuna Lovhis: No ke aha e pauʻole ai ka mea hana hana maʻamau

ʻO Malking Point Point (1,668 ° C / 3,034 ° F)

• Nā manika match ~ 2-3 × wela wela ma mua o alumini (660 ° C) a me ka nui ma luna o nā mea kanu he nui (pinepine pinepineʻia ~ 1,370 ° C no ka heluʻana i nā helu).
• I kēia mau mahana, silica maʻamau- a iʻole nā hana hou a Alumina, Ke hoʻokumu nei i nā intermentaytics brittle a me nā'āpana o ka oxygen-enricged.
• Hopena:Yohai aeu (Huaua), Zirconia (On), a iʻole yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ys) ʻO nā maka he mea kūʻai aku i ka wā 5-10 ×ʻOi aku ka uku ma mua o nā reventional.

Low thermal cenmal

• ʻO Titanium ka hana a Titanium hoʻokahi hapa hapa o ke kila (≈15-22 w / m ·. ~ 45-50 wa / m · kanin Kia).
• Hopena: ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻoleʻoleʻana, nā mea kanu geep, and ʻO ka pososity kiʻekiʻe / shrinking pilikia Inā heleʻoleʻia ka heleʻana / a me ke kiʻiʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana.
• Lana 6-8% LOLUMUMITCH, e pono ai i nā hoʻolālā kūpono.

Ke kūleʻaʻana: Ka pauku alpha-hihia & KUMOLI NUI KEIHANA

ʻO ka hana hou ma luna o ~ 600 ° C

• ʻO Titanium e hoʻoikaika pū me oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, a me ke kalanahiwana, hana Tiio, Kū, Tihₓ, a tic I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
• Oia aku 0.1 wt% oxygen hiki paulina, crippling momona ola-momona no aerospace a me nā'āpana olakino.
• Ke noi nei i ke koina:ʻO ka hakahaka a iʻole kiʻekiʻe me nā pae o ka oxygegest < 50 ppm I ka wā hana, E ninini, a me ke kūpaʻa mua.

Alpha-seen Commenttion formumum

• A hāwana, henia, ʻO ka Oxygen / Nitrogen-Encrid hoʻomohala i nā manawa kūpono i nā manawa kūpono e pili ana i nā wahi hou ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
• ʻO ka haʻaleleʻana VI Kauka Malika (Hf-hno₃) a iʻole i ka hana pololeiʻana e hoʻihoʻi i ka hōʻeha a me ka hana.

ʻO nā waiwai waiwai: ʻAʻole kahi koho

ʻO nā kumukūʻai waiwai

• ʻO Titanium Sponge a iʻole nā mea kanu holoholona US $ 15-30 / kg-~ 5 KA Mike Anuminum a me nā manawa he nui nā mea kūʻai aku.
• Ma ka hopena, Hoʻokipaʻole "Hog-out" mai BILLET (kūʻai-to-fly ratios of 8-10:1) pinepine pinepineʻia.
• ʻO ka manaʻo waiwai o ka hale kūʻai:Kokoke-like-ʻano Hiki i nā'āpana ke kūʻai aku i nā pahuhopu kūʻai aku i ka lele ~ 1.5-2.0:1, ʻO ka hōʻemiʻana i nā kumukūʻai nui o ke kālā.

Alloycape raincape e ho'āla ai i ka pā

• Ti-6al -4v (Kumu 5) and Ti-6al -4v eli (Kumu 23) E hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā noi i nā noi no Aerospace a me Kauka ma muli o kā lākou 900-1,200 MPA UTS, ʻO ka ikaika hōʻeha maikaʻi,
  a me ka tarilita.akā, i ka wā e holoiʻia, nininiʻia, a hoʻopaʻaʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻa paʻa (hele pinepineʻia e Hip).
• Kepana (ʻO ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe) Titanium Hoʻohanaʻia nā māka ma kahi ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosion kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻahaʻa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ikaika hope loa.
• ʻO nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a iʻole nā mea kūikawā (E.g., Ti-al-2sn-4zr-2mo) Olah E hoʻopaʻa i nā puka makani Ma muli o ka nui o nā koi a me nā koi microstructure.

4. ʻO nā kaʻina hana Titanium

ʻO ka papa inoaʻo Titanium e like me keʻano o keʻano o ka laweʻana i ka aluminim, Kukui Kekuhi, a iʻole nā metals maʻamau ma muli o ka titanium Ke hana hou nei, ʻO Malking Point Point, a me nā koi kūpono kūpono.

Ma luna o nā makahiki he mau makahiki, Ua kūkulu kaʻoihana i nā kaʻina hana canding e hiki ai ke hana Net- a iʻole ke kokoke-net-mode titanium nā mea me nā mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻia e pili ana i nā huahana hana.

Hoʻolei kālā (Nalowale-wax casting)

Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai, kaulana loa e like me ka Ke kaʻina hana-Wax, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nuiʻia no nā mea pili o Titanium, nui loa AerERPPACE (Nā pale hoʻohālikelike, Nā pale lole), NA KEKI ANA (hip a me nā mea hoʻohālike o ke kuli), a me nā'āpanaʻoihana.

Nāʻanuʻu Kight:

1. Wax kumu hoʻohālike: Ua hanaʻia kahi mea hana wax replica o ka'āpana hope, pinepine me ka gating a me nā ala i hoʻohuiʻia.
2. ʻO ka haleʻo CEMIMIC: Ua pāpā pinepineʻia ka hālāwai wax i loko Yohai aeu- a iʻole zirconia-smule slurle slurry a me nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia me nā pale restictory, ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi mea ikaika.
3. Hoomoana: Ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka wax a inuʻia, Ke waiho nei i kahi puʻu hollow.
4. ʻO ka hycuum menking & E ninini ana: Ua hoʻoheheʻeʻiaʻo Titanium ma A ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻo Vreacuum Oole ʻO ka Fross-Growth Electron Beam Furnace, A laila e nininiʻia i loko o ka papa ma lalo o ka hakahaka kiʻekiʻe a iʻole ka argon argon (<50 PPM ONE).
5. Shell lawe & Ke hoʻopauʻana: Ua wāwahiʻia kaʻili o ka ceramic, a me ka'āpana i lalo o ke kaheʻana i ka milima a iʻole machining e wehe i ka alpha-hihia.

Loaʻa:

• ʻO nāʻano paʻakikī me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (± 0.25 mm no nā'āpana liʻiliʻi).
• Kokoke i kahi kokoke Minor.
• Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa (Ra 3-6 μm).
• Scalability no ka meverium i nā pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

PAHUI:

• Nā palena palena nui: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale kūʻai waiwai Titanium ma lalo o 35-50 kg, ʻOiai he nui nā'āpana a hiki i 100 Ua hanaʻiaʻo Kg.
• Ke kāohi neiʻo Poosity: ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela (Hip) Pono pinepine e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai a me nā waiwai momona.
• ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelikeʻia ai i ka alumini a iʻole ke kūʻaiʻana i ka kūʻai kālā.

ʻO Centricugual kāhea

ʻO ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka Campfrugal Casting USes ikaika ikaika e hoʻokaʻawale i ka titeani i loko o ka chevity.

Hoʻohana pinepineʻia kēia kaʻina hana apo, NA KEKI ANA, a me nā'āpana e koi ana i keʻano grain maikaʻi a me ka hana lapaʻau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona nui:

• Ka paleʻana (a hiki i mau tausani o RPM) hoʻokumu i a kahua kiʻekiʻe, no ke koiʻana i ka titinium i loko a iʻole nā hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī a hōʻemi paha i ka pososity.
• Hana maʻamau i loko ʻO nā hale hoʻomaha a iʻole nā keʻena piha a Argon-piha me ka weheʻana o ka mana kūpono.

Loaʻa:

• Hua huakai, nā micsstructure manuahi, e hoʻopau pinepine i ka pono o ka hip.
• Kūpono no Nā'āpana symmetrical e like me nā apo, Turbine disks, a me nā'āpana cylindrical cylindrical i hoʻopaʻaʻia.
• ʻO ka maikaʻi maikaʻi e hoʻopau a me ka dimensional pololei.

PAHUI:

• LOA KAHKE: E hana maikaʻi loa no nā geometries a iʻole tubular.
• Uku uku kumukūʻai Ma muli o nā'ōnaehana recouum kūikawā a me nā'ōnaehana rotational.

Ke kū'ēʻana a me nāʻano hana'ē aʻe

Anu anuanu & Plasma arc menging (Paima):

• Hoʻohana a ʻO ka wai keleawe and Plasma Arc i ka tomanium me kaʻole o ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana mai nā crucket curcitic.
• Hoʻohana pinepineʻia e like me Nā Hana Hou No ka kūʻaiʻana aku (hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā intots).

Hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻia:

• 3D-paʻiʻia ʻO Wax a iʻole nā patterns Poymer (Via a sla a fdm paha) ke hoʻonuiʻana i ke hoʻololiʻana i nā mea hana maʻamau WAX, ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hoʻolālā prototype.
• Hohu Hoʻohui + Kauhi hoʻokokoke e hōʻemi i nā manawa alakaʻi i luna 50% No nā mea paʻakikī aerospace.

Nā mea hoʻonaninani cemic:

• Ka hanauna hou ytria-alumina stuposites e hoʻomohalaʻia ana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kāʻeiʻana i ke kāʻeiʻana i ke kāʻeiʻana a me ka hōʻemiʻana i nā uku.
• Noiʻi ma Nā Kūleʻa Huakaʻi SOL-Gel nā Aims e hōʻemi i ka oxygen oxygen a me ka paila liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ke Kahu Hoʻohui Hoʻohui (Mic):

• Kahi huiʻoihana loea ʻO ka Metallirgy Powder a me ka hoʻolei No nā'āpana Timenium liʻiliʻi.
• ʻAʻole e like me keʻano he mea nui no ka hoʻohikiʻana no Nā Kūlana a me nā Pūnaewele.

5. ʻO nā hana mālama

Nā Hale Kūʻai Titianium, ʻO ka poʻe i manaʻoʻia no Aerospace, olakino, a iʻole nā noi hana hana kiʻekiʻe, koi i kahi papa o ʻO nā hana mālama e pale aku i nā mea hana, Hoʻopau i nā hemahema, a loaʻa i ka maikaʻi o ka makemake.

ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela (Hip)

Kumu: ʻO ka hip ka meaʻoi loa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka hana, hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻopau i ka posity kūloko a me nā micro-shrink i mea maoli e kū maoli ana i ka wā hoʻoponopono.

• Ke kaʻina hana: Hoʻokomoʻia nā māhele i kahi moku kiʻekiʻe (100-200 mPA) I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (ka maʻamau 900-950 ° C no TI-6V-4V) Ma lalo o kahi kikowaena argon ma kahi o 2-4 mau hola.
• Hopena:

• • E hōʻole i ka microstructure i >99.9% OIPONOLIPUKA.
  • Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻO ka ikaika ikaika e 20-30% hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā'āpana likeʻole.
  • Ho'ēmi i ka pulupulu i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hilinaʻi.

ʻO ka hana wela

Kumu: Hoʻoponopono nā mea wela i nā microsructure (A / B Phase kaʻana) No ka ikaika kūpono, kumaikalua, a me ka.

• Nā hana maʻamau:

• • Kaumaha kaumaha: 650-760 ° C no nā hola 1-2 e hōʻemi i nā kaumaha kūlohelohe ma hope o ka hoʻoleiʻana a me ka machining.
  • Ka hoʻoholoʻana a me ka huhū (Ta):

• • • Hopena: ~ 925 ° C (ma lalo o β-transus) No 1-2 mau hola, haunaele.
    • ʻEhā: 480-595 ° C no 2-8 mau hola e hoʻonui i ka ikaika.

• • Beta anneal: >995° C (ma luna o β-transus), kāohi i ka hōʻoluʻolu e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, hoʻohanaʻia no nā wahi i kau nuiʻia.

• Nāʻikepiliʻikepili: Hiki i nā mea-sead i mālamaʻiaʻo T-6al-4v i hiki ke hoʻokō Us o 850-950 mpa a me ka eliangation o 8-12%, Ke hoʻokokoke nei i nā waiwai i hanaʻia.

Ka palena alpha-hihia

Alpha-laka he brittle, ʻO ka papa'āina oxygen-waiwai (50-300 μm mānoanoa) hanaʻia i ka wā o ke kauʻana ma muli o ka hopena me nā kumu mua a iʻole ka oxygen.

• ʻO nāʻenehana hoʻoneʻe:

• • Kauka Malika (Pickling): Nā Kūlana Acon (Hf-hno₃) e hoʻokaʻawaleʻole i nā mom.
  • Nā Hana Hōʻoia: Crit clusting, machining, a iʻole e kau ana (hui pinepineʻia me ka milling clight).

• Mea nui: Hiki i ka leka uila Alpha-hihia hiki ke hōʻemi i ke ola kaumaha e a i 50%.

Hoʻopau ʻili

Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai he koʻikoʻi no ka hana momona, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me nā aesthetics (nui no nā mea lapaʻau).

• Nā kaʻina hana:

• • Abrasive blasting a iʻole ʻO ka hoʻopololei: E hoʻokō i ka ≤ ≤ 1-3 μM no Aerospace; <0.2 μM no nā mea lapaʻau.
  • Uilaiauliwi: Smotss micro-specty, Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma nā'āpana Orthodicic.
  • Hoʻolauna: ʻO Natric AcID a iʻole Citric acid Ord World e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ē kū'ē.

ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole (Ndt) a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi

• Hōʻikeʻike ho'ālaʻana (T): Iʻike i ka poosity kūloko a iʻole nā manaʻo.
• ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana (U): E hoʻomaopopo i nā flaws subsurface, nui ma nā'āpana mānoanoa.
• ʻO ka nānāʻana o ka fluorescent (FPP): Loaʻa i nā'āpana a iʻole nā poosity ma hope o ka pauʻana.
• Nā kūlana: Nā'āpana aerospace i nā mea pili i ka ams 2630/2631, ʻOiai e like me nā mea lapaʻau e hahai ai i ka astm f1472 a iʻole f1108 mau protocols.

Maki hope

Hoʻouna pinepineʻia nā hale titinium kokoke i kahi kokoke, Akā, nā wahi nui (Ua kāpaeʻo Mating, Nā Kūlana Pono) koi i ka machining hope.

• Mea paʻakikī:

• • ʻO ka laweʻana i ka hana a ka thermal thermal e hana ai i nā mea hana a me ka kūkulu wela wela.
  • Pono nā mea hana a iʻole nā mea hana, nā wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka mea nui.

Nā lole koho & Nā mea kino kino

ʻO kekahi mau noi hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohana i nā hana hou e hoʻonui i ka hana ma luna o ka hana:

• Anodizing: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū'ēʻana i ke kū'ēʻana a me nā aesthetics (maʻamau ma nā mea lapaʻau).
• Pvd a iʻole nā lole pale spray: Noiʻia no ka lole a iʻole nā mea hana armal i loko o Aerospace Engines.
• ʻO ka pīhoihoiʻo Laser: Hoʻokomoʻia i nā kūlana paʻakikī, ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ke ola momona e hiki mai ana 2× Nokia.

6. ʻO nā paʻakikī nui o nā loea i ke kāheaʻana ma Titanium

Kāheaʻo Tititia (a me kona laulā maʻamau, Ti-6al -4v) ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā mea kūʻai aku, Ni-base superaralloys, a iʻole alumini.

Ka hui pūʻana o ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻOhana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, low thermal cenmal, nā koi waiwai kūpono,

a me nā hōʻoia kaulike kaulike nā mea lawelawe lawelawe e lawelawe ai i nāʻenehana i kēlā me kēia hana, HoʻolālāʻOi loa, E ninini ana, Kūpuia, a me ka post-sport-ma lalo o nā mana paʻaʻole.

Aia ma lalo nei nā pilikia nui, No ke aha lākou e kū ai, ko lākou mau hopena, a me nā mea e loaʻa ai nā mea i loaʻa i nā papa.

Ke hana hou nei, Alpha-laka, a me nā hui uila / metala

Ka paʻakikī

I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻO Titanium e hana ikaika me ka oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, a me ke kalanahiwana, a me nā mea houʻole (E.g., Slica, Nā Alluna).

Keia ano a Brittle oxy oxygen / Nitrogen-Acrickhed "alpha-case" (pinepine 50-300 μM kūlohelohe, Akā hiki iā ia ke keu 500 }m Inā he mana maikaʻiʻole), ho'ōilii ʻO ka ikaika ikaika a me ka makemake.

No ke aha e hoʻokō ai

• ʻO ke kaʻa karmidynamic: ʻO Titiani ikaika no ka, N, H ma luna o ~ 600 ° C.
• Nā Ocedequate: Kuhina HOOPAU > 50 ppm a iʻole n₂ / H₂ indress i ka wā o ka melt / ninini i nā alakaʻi i ka mea nui.
• Reactive molds: ʻAʻole iʻikeʻia nā mea nānā aku (Silica / Alluina) hana me molten ti, Ke hana nei i nā intermentaysics brittle a me ka hāpaiʻana i nāʻike oxygen.

Nā mitima

• Haka / inirt goods (Aron) nā wahi me nā pae o loko < 50 ppm (pinepine pinepine 10⁻³-10⁻⁴ Torr Vapuum).
• ʻO nā mea nānā i loko: Yohai aeu (Huaua), Zirconia (On), a iʻole nā hipa ysz (6-12 mau'āpana) E hōʻemi i ka hopena.
• Post-stre-protem form doundeal VI Kauka Malika (Hf-hno₃; ʻO ka mamao maʻamau 100-300 μM) a iʻole machio / crit clusting.
• ʻO ka mana chemistry: malama o, N, H i loko o nā kiko'ī alloy (E.g., O nana 0.20 wt% no ka ti-6al-4v papa 5; haʻahaʻa loa no ka eli).

ʻO ka pololi, Shrinkage, a me nā hemahema density

Ka paʻakikī

ʻOiai me nā pale a iʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani, ʻO ka pololi (H₂ kahakaha) and ʻO ka pololi hiki ke hana ma muli o ka hoʻopihaʻana o ka turbulent, kaʻai maikaʻi, a iʻole he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā micro-poosity pololei Kaʻa Kaʻamae and ʻO ka paʻakikī.

NA HUI NUI

• ʻO ka pololi: nā po'ā poepoe, pinepine i kokoke i ka papahele a iʻole nā paila i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia.
• ʻO ka pololi: interdendritic, hoʻopiliʻia i nā wahi wela a iʻole ma kaʻaoʻao hope loa.

Nā mitima

• ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela (Hip): Ka maʻamau maʻamau no Aerospace / Kauka; E.g., 900-950 ° C, 100-200 mPA, 2-4 hola e hiolo i nā leo a loaʻa >99.9% huakai.
• ʻO keʻano hoʻokūkū / kiʻi me ka hoʻohanaʻana Cfd & simoice simoice (Magmanuaft, KUPONO, Kahe-3d hoʻolei) No ka hōʻoia pono i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ke kuhikuhiʻana a me ka hopena kūpono.
• Ke kāheaʻana i ka superheat: maki 50-80 ° 100 ma luna o ka wai e hoʻoponopono pono i ka haunaele vs. Ke hana hou nei; Hoʻonui nuiʻiaʻo Superheat i ka hoʻouka kauaʻana a me nā alpha-see.
• ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻopiha i nā hoʻolālā (jilten-ninini, hoʻopiha piha, VIEUMAM-kōkua, a iʻole centifugal) e ho'ēmi i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Dimensional pololei, Kauhai, a me nā kaumaha kūloko

Ka paʻakikī

ʻO Titanium's low thermal cenmal and ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kiʻekiʻeʻana (6-8% volumetric) E hana i nā mea nui ikaika, kumu Kauhai, Kauoha, a me nā kaumaha kūloko.

Papa kiʻekiʻe loa (pinepine 900-1,000 ° C) hoʻohui i nā pilikia curp ched.

Nā mitima

• ʻO ke kumu kūʻai nui-e pili ana i ka simmanim / mechanical simulation E wānana i ka hoʻohilahila a me ka ukuʻana ma ka hana (nā mea maikaʻiʻole).
• Rigid, ʻO nā wahi i kākoʻoʻia me ka mānoanoa e pono ai i kahi e pono ai.
• ʻO ka mālama puka makani paʻa no ka milla preheat, Nā Kūlana Kūlohelohe MOLD, a'āpana ka lima.
• Post-Cast Scening Relief / Hip e hōʻemi i nā kaumaha kūlohelohe ma mua o ka hoʻopauʻana i ka machining.

Ke komoʻana i ka mana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Ka paʻakikī

Nā Hoʻohui (nā'āpana resticatory, olio, Nitrides, kaʻauhuiʻo Carkedes) hana e like me ka mea i hoʻokumuʻia, e hōʻemi nui ʻO ka momona a me ka hana paʻaʻana-ʻOi ma Aerospace a me ka lawelawe olakino.

Nā mitima

• ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka skull (ISM) Oole ʻO ka holoiʻana o ke anuanu e pale aku i keʻano o ka checibled a lele i waho o nā incusion kiʻekiʻe.
• Nā'ōnaehanaʻo Free a me ke kau ana (hoao, slurry, hana mālamaʻia).
• ʻO ka fuxration / Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi kahi i hiki ai (ʻOiaiʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa).
• Ndt mau hana (X-ray, U, FPP) i hoʻopaʻaʻia eʻike i nā helu incision ma lalo o nā'āpana maikaʻiʻole.

Shell integrity a me ka spalling

Ka paʻakikī

Nā'ōkuhi no Titanium e hoʻolei ana (ytria / zirconia) 'Ekā waiwai, henia, a hopohopo i ka pīhoihoi thermal.

Ke kāwele a iʻole ke kalaʻana i ka wā o mua nā leta metaks, Nā Hoʻohui, a me nā hewa o nā'āpana.

Nā mitima

• Ke kūkulu nei i ka lāʻau (slurry viscosity, stucco ka hoʻokaʻawale, E helu ana i ka papa 6-12).
• Ke kāohi nei i ka maloʻo a me nāʻano hana ahi No ka paleʻana i ka shrinkageʻokoʻa.
• Ka hoʻokeleʻana o Thermal: Nā helu Rammp, ʻO ke koho nui, a me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka spemal thermal e hōʻemi i ke kaumaha.
• ʻO ka hana lima a me nā protocols nānā e hopu ai i nā micro-cracks pre-ninini.

Palapala Kauka, Lihao, ae'fion

Ka paʻakikī

ʻO Titanium alloys-nui loa Ti -6al -4v a ti -6al -4v eli (Kumu 23)-Have ʻO nā puka makani paʻa No ka oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, a me nā mea noho noho.

Hoʻemi nā Deviations i ka ductility a me ka paleʻana. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka wā e hiki ai ke hana i ka waiwai o ka waiwai.

Nā mitima

• ʻO ka hōʻoia o ka mea hōʻoiaʻo Spectrometric (pre- a post-ninini) me ʻO ka wela wela / nui traceability.
• No ka hoʻohana 'ana ʻO ka hoʻokele pono o Premium (hoomae, ʻO nā mea i kākoʻoʻia) e mālama i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
• Hip + ʻO ka hana wela e homogenize microstructure a hoʻopau i ka micro-segregation.
• 'Ōnaehana kūlana & Nā Palapala Hoʻohui (As9100, ISO 13485, Nadcap no ndt, mālama i ka wela, a me ke kālepaʻana) E hoʻokō i ka hoʻopaʻi a me ka hoʻoponopono.

Ke nānāʻana a me ke kaumaha

Ka paʻakikī

No ka mea hiki i nā hale kūʻai titenium Nā Kūlana Misionari, 'ōlelo He kaumaha loaʻo NDT a me nā kaumaha:

• Hoʻoili pūnaewele (T) No keʻano kūloko / shrinkage.
• ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana (U) No nā hemahema Volumetric.
• ʻO ka nānāʻana o ka fluorescent (FPP) no ka wāwahiʻana.
• Nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua (tersele, ʻO ka paʻakikī, Kaluhi) and nā loiloi loiloi microstructural (alpha-see, Nā helu hoʻohui).

Nā mitima

• Nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā maʻamau (E.g., Amp, Astm F1108 no ka cand ti-6V-4v) me ʻO nā koinaʻaeʻia.
• Kaʻina hana i nā metric (Kepana, Cpk) on critical properties (Us, ewangantion, O/N/H, defect size distributions).
• Digital traceability (MES/PLM systems) and Kālā Mea to correlate process signatures with inspection outcomes.

Kālā, Hua, a me ke kaomi

Ka paʻakikī

• Yttria/zirconia shells, ʻO ka hycuum menking, Hip, and chem‑milling are expensive.
• Scrap or rework rates of even 5-10% can crush profitability given raw material costs of US$15–30/kg and high processing overhead.

Nā mitima

• Hoʻolālā no ka mea hana hana (Dfm): early collaboration to reduce mass, eliminate hard‑to‑feed hot spots, and increase yield.
• Simulation‑first culture: use flow/solidification/stress simulations to hit “right‑first‑time.”
• Lean post‑processing cells integrating HIP → chemical mill → CNC finish to shorten lead time and reduce handling damage.
• Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Statistical (Spc) on chemistry, keka ao, vacuum level, shell thickness, and defect metrics.

7. Nā mea iʻikeʻia o ka bitnium

Cast titanium (most commonly Ti-6al -4v, Inco. ELI/Grade 23) can deliver wrought‑like performance i ka wā e paʻa ai ke kaʻina hana a Hip (ʻO ke kaomiʻana o ka wela wela) kūpono kūpono ʻO ka hana wela ua noiʻia.

E like me ka hōʻikeʻana o nā'āpana ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā ola momona, a a ʻO nā kākāla o ka Coarser i nā microstructure ma mua o nā mea i hanaʻia; Hip a me ka chill-milling (e wehe i ka hana alpha-hihia) No laila he hana maʻamau no aerospace a me nā mīkini lapaʻau.

Nā Palapala Kūmole Baseneline (Nāʻelele)

Nā waiwai i hilinaʻiʻia ma ka alloy (E.g., Ti -6AL -4V VIMI. Cp ti), hana maikaʻi, Ke kahua nei, 'āpana liʻiliʻi, Hip, a me ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela.

Hoʻokomoʻia nā mea kiko'ī maʻamau Astm F1108 (nā manaʻo), Amp / ISO / Nā Kūlana Astm B No nā'āpana hoʻonohonoho.

8. ʻO nā wahi noi nui o ka papa inoa o Titanium

Ua hoʻopili nuiʻia nā lawelaweʻo Titanium i nā lawelawe ma kahi ikaika ikaika, māmā māmā, a me ke kū'ēʻana he koʻikoʻi.

Malalo o ka nā mea noi noi nui ʻO kahi kahi i hoʻopaʻaʻia aiʻo Titanium:

Aerospace a me Handiation

• Noi: Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai, Nā'āpana o Turbine, hana kūpono, ʻO nā'āpana'āina, Nā hale noho noho.

ʻO nā mea maʻi maʻi a me nā dental

• Noi: Hip a me nā kuli kuʻekuʻe, Nā Kahu Mokuna, Nā'āpana spinal, ʻO nā kākuhi niho niho, Nā Hana Hana Kūʻai.

ʻOihana a me ke kālepaʻana

• Noi: Pumps, Nā Vilves, hanakai, pipet complees, ʻO nā mea kālepa wela i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu kanu a me nā hale kūʻai.

Autoomotive a me Motorsprops

• Noi: E hoʻopau i nā awāwa, nā huila o nā turbocharger, ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā rods, ʻO nā mea i hoʻoponoponoʻia no nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe.

Kaʻohana a me ka mana

• Noi: Nā'āpana o Turbine, Nā'āpana Hydroelectric, nukle rectory hōʻano hou, NA LIGSHOPE PANEL.

Nā noi e pili ana

• Robotics a me nā drones: ʻO nā kukui māmā o ka māmā.
• Mea uila: ʻO Titinium nā hihia no nā kamepiula premium a me nā ulana.
• Hoʻohui hoʻohui uila hybrid: ʻO nā'ōnaehana a me nā geomex e hoʻopili ana i ka paʻi 3D e paʻi me ka mālamaʻana.

9. Loaʻa a me nā palena a me nā palena o nā lawelawe Canding

Hāʻawi akuʻo Titanium i nā lawelawe i nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi no nāʻoihana e koi ana Hana Hana Manaʻo, paʻakikī, a me nā'āpana māmā, Akā, e hele mai ana lākou me nā hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū maikaʻiʻole.

Loaʻa nā pono o nā lawelawe Cattinium

ʻO nā geomet o nā geometries a me ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā

• Hoʻolālāʻo ka mea kūʻai aku i ka hanaʻana o ka hanaʻana o kūlike, ʻO nā'āpana like-like-likeʻole, ka hōʻemiʻana i ka pono no ka maching nui.
• ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa a iʻole nā'āpana'āpana (a lalo i 1-2 mm) hiki ke hoʻokōʻia, he mea hikiʻole a iʻole ke kumukūʻai me ke kalaʻana a iʻole ka machining.

ʻO nā waiwai maikaʻi loa

• Ka ikaika ikaika-i-paona: Hiki i nā hale titinium ke loaʻa i nā ikaika o nā ikaika o ka 900-1100 mPA ʻOiai he 40-45% māmā ma mua o ke kila.
• Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion: ʻO ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ke kai, chrlodes, a me nā'āpana oxidizing.
• ʻO ka paleʻana o ka momona: Ua hōʻikeʻo Titanium Castings ke ola kino kiʻekiʻe, ʻO ke koʻikoʻi no Aerospace a me nā noi lapaʻau.

Keia Riana

• ʻO Titanium's Interness e hana i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia e kūpono NA KEKI ANA a me nā mea kūʻai aku.

Kumukūʻai kumukūʻai ma nā'āpana paʻakikī

• Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ka machining mai nā bililu paʻa, Hiki ke kāhea Hoʻemi i ka paila waiwai e 40-60%, Hāʻawiʻiaʻo Timenium i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ($15-30 / kg).
• Kokoke-net-model casting liʻiliʻi i nā manawa hana i ka wā hana a me nā uku hana.

Nā palena o nā lawelawe canding lawelawe

Nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe

• Ponoʻo Titanium ʻO nā wahi hakahaka a iʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani I mea e pale ai i ka hoʻopono, E like me ka nui o nā mea he nui a me nā pale pale (Yohai aeu, Zirconia).
• ʻO nā kumukūʻai hana no ke kūʻai akuʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi, ka hanaʻana i kaʻoihana liʻiliʻi no nā'āpana maʻamau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia e hoʻohui pū.

ʻO keʻano paʻakikī a me ka mana kūpono

• ʻO Titanium's hōʻano kiʻekiʻe (oxygen, Nitrogen Unchip) hiki ke kumu i ka pepehi kanaka a iʻole ka prostity ināʻaʻole i mālama ponoʻia.
• Nā hopena defect: Waimaka wela, Nāʻuala, a me nā prosority e pono ai i ka hoʻokolohua hanaʻoleʻole (X-ray, Nā Kūlana Ultrasoise), hoʻohui i ke kumukūʻai a me ka paʻakikī.

Nā palena i ka nui o ka helu

• Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike Titinium (>50 kg) he mea paʻakikī ke hana ma muli o nā pilikia e like me ka lole a me ka molū.
• ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia malalo 30 kg Ma nā noi aerospace.

Nāʻano hana waiwai mechanical

• Loaʻa pinepine nā'āpana Titenium hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia ka ikaika o kaʻeha e hana i ka hana a iʻole i hoʻopiliʻia, Ināʻaʻole i mālamaʻia nā hana mālama (Hip, ʻO ka hana wela) ua noiʻia.

ʻO nā manawa alakaʻi

• ʻO ka kūʻai akuʻana i ke kūʻai akuʻana i ka waiwai e pili ana i nā hana he nui-wax kumu hoʻohālike, ʻO ka haleʻo CEMIMIC, kaka ahi, Kauhi, a hoʻopau-ʻOi i nā manawa alakaʻi o 8-12 mau pule No nā'āpana paʻakikī.

10. Hoʻohālikelike me nāʻano hana'ē aʻe

Hiki ke hanaʻia nā'āpana Titanium i nā hana hana likeʻole, komo Kauhi, Kākau, machining, a me ka hoʻohui hoʻohui (AmU).

11. Hopena

ʻO Titanium e kāhea ana i kahi meaʻepekema a heʻepekema e koi ana i kaʻenehanaʻokiʻoki, 'Ōlelo pololei, a me nā loea ikaika hohonu.

ʻOiaiʻo kāna mau pilikia, Mālamaʻo ia i nā hana no nāʻoihana ma kahi e hana ai, kaupaona kino, a he koʻikoʻi ka hana.

Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana me ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka Timenium Canding Services Services, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokō ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, Nā hopena kūpono-kūpono tailored e koi i nā kiko'ī.

E like me Aerospace, olakino, a hoʻomau nāʻoihana hana i ka panaʻana i nā palena o ka hana o ka hana, E noho mau anaʻo Titanium i ka mua o ka hana holomua, hoʻohuiʻia e nā innovations ma ka hoʻolālā digital, ʻO ka hanaʻo Hybrid, a me ke kūpaʻa.

FaqS

No ke aha eʻoi aku aiʻo Titanium e kūʻai hou aku ma mua o ke kila kila?

ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o Titanium ($15-30 / kg vs. $0.5-1 / kg no ka kila), ʻO ka hoʻoili waiwai-ikaika (ʻO nā furnaces borcuum), a me nā'āpana kūikawā (Yohai aeu) make 10-20 × crosserer.

ʻO nā helu titinium bracombalible?

ʻAe. E like me nā mea e like me ti-6al-4v e hālāwai me ISO 10993 kūlā, Me ka cytotoxicity a iʻole nā loli allergic, e hana ana iā lākou i kūpono no nā mea kūʻai.

He aha ka nui o ka nui o ka tuanium e hoʻolei ana?

Ka hapanui o nā lawelawe i kaupalenaʻia <50 kg; nui hale (>100 kg) loaʻa nā helu detect >20% Ma muli o keʻano o ka palupalu.

Pehea e hoʻohālikelike aiʻo Titanium e hoʻohālikelike i ka Titanium ma ka ikaika?

Loaʻa iā Titnium ka 5-10% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa akā paʻa i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion a hāʻawi i nā mālama kālā he 30-50% kumukūʻai no nāʻano paʻakikī.

Hiki i nā catrity catries me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe?

o-5al-2.5sn a me-6al-4v paʻa 80% o ka ikaika o ka lumi o ka lumi ma 500 ° C, He kūpono no nā mea hanaʻo Jet Engine aʻaʻole like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me ka nicikel alloys.