ʻO ke kila kahiko-Manganase: Waiwai, Hana, a me na noi noi

1. Hōʻikeʻike

ʻO ke kālena kiʻekiʻe-manganese he papa o nā mea hoʻokūkū ma keʻano he manganase (Mn) ʻO ka mea i hoʻohanaʻiaʻo ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻopaʻaʻia e hoʻopili ai i ka austentite a e hana i nāʻano hana pilikino.

Ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau makana ma kahi hopena, pīhoihoi a hui pūʻia Oole ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu ikaika loa koiʻia.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻonuiʻia kaʻohana ma mua o nā "Stepfield" e pili ana i nā huakaʻi hele a me nāʻano huakaʻi hele.

2. He aha nā mea hele wāwae kiʻekiʻe?

ʻO nā kila kiʻekiʻe-manganes ʻO kahiʻohana o nā mea kila ma kahi o Manganese (Mn) ʻO ka mea nui i hoʻohanaʻia i ka mea nui e hoʻopili ai i kahi austetitic (cubic cub) matrix ma ka lumi lumi a e kāohi ai i keʻano o ka deforms.

Ma mua o ke hilinaʻiʻana i ka wā o ka huiʻana i ka wikiwiki a me ka paʻakikī, Ua loaʻa kēia mau meaʻaihue i ko lākouʻano kūʻokoʻa mai Hoʻokomoʻo Metallirgics i nā hana i ka wā o ka hana - maikaʻi loa i ka hana-paʻakikī, ka'ōpala (Moho) a me / a iʻole ka hoʻololiʻana i ka loli marlieget (Mākaʻikaʻi).

Hāʻawi kēlā hui i kahi pānaʻi maʻamau kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hanaʻana and rapid paʻakikī ma lalo o ka ukana, ka mea i kohoʻia ma kahi hopena, shock me ka abrasion, a iʻole e koiʻia ai ka nui o ka raborpt kiʻekiʻe.

Nā hiʻohiʻona noʻonoʻo (ʻO ka weheweheʻana iā lākou)

• Nā manaʻo mn kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā hui kālepa maʻamau e like me kaʻohana a hāʻule i waena o nā ≈10-22 wt% mn (Havefield ~ 11-14% mn; ʻO Twip Grades pinepine 15-22% mn).
• ʻO ka moʻa micsostrutic. Mn kahi stabilita austente; me nā mea kūpono c a me nā hoʻohui'ē aʻe i nā mea kila e mālama i kahi hoʻolālā fcc i ka mahana o ka lumi.
• ʻO ka neʻe kūʻokoʻa i ke kūlana Anned. Ka nui o nā elongations maʻamau >30% a i nā helu twip >50% Ma mua o ka hanaʻana i ka paʻakikī a me kaʻole.
• Paʻakikī paʻakikī. Ma lalo o ka nānāʻana o ka plastication i ka ikaika; Hiki i ka paʻakikī ka paʻakikī o ka'āina ke hoʻonui i ka lawelaweʻana i ka lawelawe (Ua piʻi pinepine nā laina o Hasfield mai ~ 200 HB i 500-700 HB i nā Zones).
• ʻO nā mīkini hana e pili ana i nāʻano. Nā loli liʻiliʻi ma c, AL, A, N a mn shift i ka E pili ana i ka ikaika (Sfe) a no laila keʻano o kaʻoihana: disloacation slip, twinning (Moho), a iʻole ka hoʻololiʻana o ke kāne (Mākaʻikaʻi).
• ʻO ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana ikaika. No ka mea, ke kaumaha nei ka bulk i ka wā o ka ikaika o ka ikaika, ʻO kēia mau kinikini e hoʻopili i ka paleʻana i ka hopena me ka holomua holomua.

3. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe

ʻO nā kila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa e heluʻia ma kahi maʻamauʻaʻole i hoʻokahi maʻamau akā ma (a) kā lākou noi noi (komo i keʻano), (na B) ʻO ka mea kākau inoa deformasm (hana-paʻakikī, Moho, Mākaʻikaʻi), and (c) ke kālepaʻana (hana / i hoʻopiliʻia).

ʻO ka papaʻaina papa inoa wikiwiki

Nā kūpono kūpono o kēlā me kēia papa

• Havefield (ʻaʻa): Hoʻolālā no nā'āpana'āpana a me nā laina hoʻololi; E manaʻo nui i ka nui o ke ola a me ke ola lōʻihi ma lalo o ka hopena pinepine.
  Huahuai: Hoʻopili pololei i ka mālamaʻana / e kalaʻia a me ke kūleʻaʻana a me ka mīkini minimal ma hope o ka neʻeʻana i mua. ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻoponopono hou i nā kaʻina hana.
• Moho (kūhae): nā mea hoʻolālā ʻO ka ellofation kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopili i ka ikehu; Pono e hoʻoponopono i ka chemistry a me ka hoʻoiliʻana o ka thermomechical e hoʻokō ai i ka sfe.
  ʻO ka machning a me ke kūpaʻa pono e pono i nā kaʻina hana kūikawā; Ua hāʻawiʻia nā pōmaikaʻi i nā'āpana / hanaʻia.
• Huakaʻi / twip hybrids: koho i ka wa ka ikaika mua koiʻia-hāʻawiʻia i ka hana hoʻokūkū maikaʻi; ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka mana.
• Kiola i ke kiʻekiʻe-mn: kohoʻia i ka wā e koiʻia ai nā geomex i nā geometraries a me ka hana paʻakikī-paʻakikī; Ke kiola nei i ka metallirgy (Melt maʻemaʻe, Shell Chemistry, ʻO ka hana wela) He koʻikoʻi e hana.
• Haʻahaʻa-c / nāʻano hana maʻamau: nā helu hoʻohui no nā mea i hōʻiliʻiliʻia e koi ana i keʻano nui a iʻole ka hanaʻana ma kahi o nā mea e pili ana i keʻano o ka canficec kiʻekiʻe e hana ai.

4. Nā mea hoʻohālikelike maʻamau a me nā microstructure

Ua hōʻuluʻulu kēia'āpana i ka nāʻeleleʻelele hoʻohanaʻia ma nāʻohana kila kiʻekiʻe-manganase microstructure a me ka hana hana.

Hāʻawi nā papa a me nā papa hana, ʻO ka pae o kaʻenehana-kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kiko'ī pololei - e hoʻohana mau i nā'āpana helu helu a me nā MTCS.

Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana (wt %)

5. ʻO nā mea pāʻani kiʻekiʻe o nā hale kiʻekiʻe o nā hale kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe

Ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo nā kahakai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma Highnanese ikaika, kumaikalua, paʻakikī, a me nā hana hana paʻakikī, ka hanaʻana iā lākou mai nā carbon carbon a iʻole nā ​​mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā mea like mechanical e like me ka nui o ka hoʻopiliʻana, ka hoʻoiliʻana (heʻano. kiola), a me nā wela wela, Me ka mea e hana ai i ka hana hana hana (hana-paʻakikī, Moho, Mākaʻikaʻi).

Nā mea e hōʻike ai i nā mea hana mechanical e ka papa

Nā memo: Nā waiwai Nā Kūlana maʻamau; hilinaʻi maoli nā waiwai maoli ma keʻano, ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ʻO ka hana wela, a me nā kūlana lawelawe.

Hōʻike nā kumu paʻakikī paʻakikī hana hana-paʻakikī a lawelaweʻole paha no ka hasfield a kau i nā mea kila kiʻekiʻe-mn.

6. Nā kaʻina hana hana

Ke hele nei nā huakaʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hana maʻamau ma muli o keʻano o keʻano o ka manganese, keʻano o ka oxidize, a me ka pono e pale ai i ka hoʻolālā phase.

ʻO nā kaʻina hana nui e hoʻopili ai, Kauhi, Kauwili, a me nā wela wela.

Smelting

• Mea paʻakikī: ʻO Manganse e hoʻololi hou i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (hana mno), ka mea e hōʻemi ai i nā hua a me nā mea waiwai.
  Hana ka carbon i kahi deoxidizer (Mnoi hana mno + C → mn + CO), Akā hiki i ke carbonʻoi ke hana i nā carbidesʻulaʻula.
• Ke kaʻina hana: Laweʻia ma nā furnang adric (Kamaoaf) a iʻole nā ​​uuku i lalo o ka hoʻemiʻana i ka lewa (molooli monoxide).
  Ua hoʻohuiʻiaʻo Manganse i kahi ferromangeanese kiʻekiʻe (75-80% mn) e kāohi i kaʻikepili o ka carbon.
• Honua mālamalama: ʻO nā mea kūpono kūpono (Poina) nā luna mn a me c c pae i loko o ± 0.1 wt% e hōʻoia i ka paʻaʻana.

Kauhi

• He kila: Primarily Sand-haina ('ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo a iʻole resin-bonending) i loko o nā'āpana nui (E.g., Nā kāliki Cristher, Nā Haila Raulway).
  Ke Kiahi: 1450-1550 ° C; mold preheating: 200-300 ° C e pale aku i ka pīhoihoi thermal.
• Nmnss hmnss: Ke Mau Kauhi i loko o nā slabs (No ka holoʻana i loko o nā'āpana) a iʻole ka make-lawe i loko o nā'āpana o nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi.
  Pono ke kauʻana i ke kauʻana i ka mana o ka hoʻopauʻana i ka uku (5-10 ° C / s) E pale i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana.

Ke heleʻana a me ke kūkuluʻana

• Lele wela: ʻO nā HMNS SPEST SOLDS i ka wela ma 1000-1100 ° C (Austetitic'āina) e hōʻemi i ka mānoanoa (mai nā slabs a hiki i nā pepa 1-3 mm no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka automotive). ʻO ka wikiwiki e hōʻemi i ka nui palaoa, Hoʻonui i ka ikaika.
• Ke anuanu: Hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻokō i ka mānoanoa hope (0.5-1 mm) a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopauʻana.
  Hōʻikeʻo Twip Steel i ke anuanu maikaʻi loa ma muli o ko lākou mau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻOiai e koi ana nā huakaʻi hele huakaʻi i keʻano waena e hōʻoluʻolu i ke kaumaha kūʻokoʻa.
• Hana i nā pilikia: ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o Hasfield i ka nui o ka nui o ke aupuni e like me ka mea e hana ai i ka hana i ka wā e hana ana, ʻOiai e koi paha nā ahmnss i ka hana mahana (150-250 ° C) E hōʻemi i ka puna.

ʻO ka hana wela

ʻO ka hana wela He koʻikoʻi e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka hoʻolālāʻana a me nā waiwai:

• Hoʻoholo hōʻoluʻolu (He kila): Hoʻomehana i 1050-1100 ° C no 2-4 mau hola, A laila ua pau ka wai. ʻO kēia mau kaʻa kaʻa (Mn₃c) a e hoʻomau i kahi papa Austetitic hoʻokahi i ka mahana o ka lumi.
• ʻO ka hoʻohuihuiʻana (Nā huakaʻi hele): Ua hāpai iā 700-800 ° C (ʻelua-phase c + kahi'āina) No 1-2 mau hola, A laila e haʻalele. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi microstructure e hoʻopili ana i ka hopena huakaʻi.
• Ke kaumaha nei ke kaumaha: Pili i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā steel steel steel ma 550-600 ° C no nā 1-2 mau hola e hōʻemi i nā kaumaha.

7. Nā mea nui a me ka hana

E kāʻei i ke kū'ē

ʻO ka paleʻana o ka pale loleʻo Steelfield, ke kauʻana mai ka hana hoʻoikaika koʻikoʻi:

• Hoʻokomoʻia ka lole: I nā noi liʻiliʻi (E.g., Nāʻula'ōmole), He Mele Uwehi Outperforms Plalperforms Planperfuss Plal ma 5-10x, Me kahi kumukūʻai o 0.1-0.3 mm / makahiki (vsa. 1-3 MM / makahiki no A36 kila).
• Ka hopena i ka lole: Ma lalo o ka hopena maʻamau (E.g., Nā Haila Raulway), hoʻonuiʻia kona paʻakikī 200 Hv to >500 Him, ka hoʻokumuʻana i kahi papa lole pale-pale i ka wā e paʻakikī ai keʻano.

Ikaika a me ka pono

Hoʻopau hou nā HMNS REDANCE e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kālepa ikaika-ductility:

• ʻAihue tailk (22% Mn): ʻO ka ikaika o ka ikaika = 900 Mpa, eLengation = 70% → sdp = 63 Gpa ·% kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe-alloy (Hsla) Kukui Kekuhi (Sdp = 20 GPA ·%).
• Hale Kūʻai (18% Mn): ʻO ka ikaika o ka ikaika = 1100 Mpa, eLengation = 35% → sdp = 38.5 Gpa ·%--edeal no nā mea paʻa o ka crash-resistant.

ʻO ka hanaʻo Cenogongenic

ʻO nā kiniena kiʻekiʻe ma 20-30% mn e mālama i ka paʻa austenitic Austenitic ma nā wela cryogenic:

• At -200 ° C, a 25% Mālamaʻo MN Steel 60% elongation a 900 ʻO MPA Tensile ikaika-ʻaʻohe bluedled constibture kiʻekiʻe (ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā mea hoʻokūkū ferritic, e lilo i brittle ma lalo o -40 ° C).
• ʻO kēia ke kūpono iā lākou no ka waihoʻana o LNN (Lng boils at -162 ° C) a me nā'ōnaehanaʻo Jerospace crytogenic.

Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion

• He kila: ʻO ka paleʻana o ka corrosion i loko o nā wahi o ka atmospheric i loko o ka pāʻana a me ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka lehulehu-waiwai (E.g., Ke wai wai).
• Nā hmnss hmnss (Cr-alloyed): Hoʻohui i 2-5% CR CR i hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ke kai i loko o ke kai, me kahi helu corrosion o 0,05-0.1 mm / makahiki (vsa. 0.2-0.3 MM / makahiki no ka mea kilokiloʻole).

9. ʻO nā noi maʻamau maʻamau o nā kālele kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe

• ʻO ka Mining a me Aggregate Handling: Nāʻula'ōmole, Nā Waihonaʻo Jaw, Kāne Nā Coners, Nā Manaʻo.
• Ka neʻeʻana a me ka hopena: nā niho'ōpala, Lip Shurds, Nā Hana Uila.
• 'Lelo Keʻala: Ke hele nei i nā pua, Nā'āpana hoʻololi.
• Pana pua & media hana lima: Tumblesrs, nā pot blast.
• Kaʻa kaʻa: Nā mea kanu'ōpala no nā lālā hoʻonohonoho, ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū ikaika a me nā pahu pahu.
• E kāʻei i nā'āpana i nāʻoihana kaumaha kahi i hui pūʻia ai ka hopena a me ka abrasion.

10. Hoʻohālikelike me nā lako'ē aʻe

ʻO nā kākā manganese kiʻekiʻe (Hggs) noho i kahi niche'ē aʻe i loko o nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea kiko'ī ma muli o kā lākou hui pūʻana o ke kū'ē, paʻakikī, a me ka defility, i nā mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai nā kila maʻamau, nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me nā hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

11. Hopena

Hāʻawiʻo Tearly-Manganese i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o ka paʻakikī, ʻO ka ductility a me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka paʻakikī paʻakikī e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea i makemakeʻia no ka nui o nā noi noi noi.

E hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona Twip / huakaʻi hou i kā lākou mea hana i loko o nā kuleana a me nā kukui māmā a me nā kukui uila i loko o nāʻoihana laweʻana. Pono ke kūleʻa kūleʻa e nānā pono i ka mana chemistry, ka hoʻoiliʻana, Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi a me ka hoʻolālāʻana.

I ka manawa kūpono a hoʻoponoponoʻia, Ua hāʻawi akuʻo nā mea hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe-MN i nā hana ola ma ke ola ma nā wahi i hanaʻia e ka hopena, pīhoihoi a me ke kaumaha kaumaha.

 

FaqS

He mau kilokilo kiʻekiʻe-mn?

ʻAe, me nā precations: E hoʻohana i nā metala filler Austetitic kūpono, E kāohi i ka hoʻokomo wela a me nā hiʻohiʻona nui, A e hāʻawi i ka extraction fume kūloko.

ʻO ka hopena post-weld e hōʻikeʻia ai ke alana i manaʻoʻia no nā'āpana koʻikoʻi.

I ka manawa e hoʻohanaʻole ai au i nā kila kiʻekiʻe-mn?

Hōʻalo i ka wā e kau ai keʻano o keʻano o keʻano (E.g., slurry me ka silica maikaʻi) a iʻole ka lōʻihi o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe e koiʻia mai ka lā e pono ai - ma nā hihia i hoʻopaʻaʻia, ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a iʻole nā ​​cemaratic hiki ke kiʻekiʻe.

No ke aha i hoʻohanaʻia ai ka steel i kahi noi ma mua o nā noi liʻiliʻi?

ʻO ka hana ikaika loaʻo ia (paʻakikī paʻakikī >500 HV ma lalo o ka hopena) Hāʻawi iā ia i ka 5-10xʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka paleʻana o ka carbon, Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei i ke ola lawelawe o nā liners crusher a me nā pōpoki i 5-10 mau makahiki.

Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā kila kiʻekiʻe-Mangananese i nā noi cryogen?

ʻAe-helu me 20-30% MN mālama i ka hoʻomau Austetitic Austetetitic ma -200 ° C i -270 ° C, Ke hoʻomau nei i ka 60-70% elongation a me ka paleʻana i ka brittle frittle, e hana ana iā lākou i kūpono no nā pahu mālama lng.

He aha nā pilikia o ka uēʻana i ke kila manganese?

Hiki i ka ulding ke kumu i ka hana i loko o ka wai i ka wela wela (ho'ēmi i nā dunksity) a me ke kii wela.

ʻO nā Solutions e pili ana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, post-weld annealning, a me ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā metala filler.