1. Hōʻikeʻike
En-gjl-250 kahi papa i hoʻohana nuiʻia 'Āpana hina i kuhikuhiʻia ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻEulopa.
Hōʻike ka hoʻolālā i kahi hao hina hina me kahi hōʻoia Ka ikaika liʻiliʻi a puni 250 Mpa a me kahi microstructure clake-graket.
E kohoʻiaʻo En-Gjl-250 i ka wā Kālā, whola, ʻO ke kāʻeiʻana i ke aniani a me ka matchlinibility maikaʻi loa ʻo nā mea nui - no ka hanaʻana i nā waihona mīkini-hāmeʻa, Nā poloka mīkini, nā mea hou aku a me nā discs brake.
2. He aha ka mea hina hina e en-gjl-250?
En-gjl-250:
- I - Keʻano o ka hōʻikeʻana o Europa.
- Gjl - hina hina hina (Kākau Pūnaewele Flake Morpealogy).
- 250 - e hoʻolālā ana i ka ikaika o ka mana o ka mika ma MPA (I.e., ≈е50 MPA).
Ua hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo Grey ir ill en-gjl-250 i hoʻohana nuiʻia ʻO ka papa hao I nā kūlana oʻEulopa, i weheweheʻia ma lalo I 1561.
Ua hōʻikeʻia e Lamellar (hākehu) kiʻi kiʻiʻia i loko o kahi matrix metallic, ʻO ka hui maʻamau o ka hui pūʻana a me Ferrite.
Ka "250" i ka hoʻolālā e pili ana i ka ʻO ka ikaika liʻiliʻi o keʻano o ka ikaika o ka 250 Mpa, Ke hōʻoia nei i ka hana mechanication ma mua no nā hale hana hoʻonohonoho.
ʻO En-GJl-250 ka hana maʻamau no nā mea i koiʻia Palapala maikai, ka hiki, a me ka ikaika kūpono, Ke hana nei i kahi koho koho-kūpono no nā'āpanaʻoihana hana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
- Clake slack blackstructure: ʻO nā flake kiʻi kiʻi i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka Matrix Matrix, Hāʻawi i nā mea ʻO ka maikaʻi loa and ʻO ka hana a Chip-wāwahi I ka wā o ka Maki.
- ʻO ka ikaika o ke kānāwai: Hāʻawi ka ikaika o ka ikaika o ka mana o ~ 250 mpa i ka hana kūpono no nā noi he nui.
- Palapala maikai: Hana nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i keʻano o ka flabricant i ka lubricant a me ka breper, ae ae maikaʻi machice me ka hoʻemiʻana i nā mea hana.
- Kumukūʻai-maikaʻi: ʻO ka loaʻaʻana o ka waiwai, Nā kaʻina hana hana pololei, a me nā koina e hoʻopau i nā koina e hana en-gjl-250 kālā no ka paʻakikī paʻakikī.
- Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua: ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hanaʻana i ka thermal iʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea he nui ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale wela wela, pōmaikaʻi i nā poloka mīkini, nā discs lor, a me nā kumu hana mīkini.
- PAHUI: Ma lalo o ke kaumaha ma lalo o ke kaumaha, paʻakikī i ka weld, a me ka pohō i ka shrinkge / pososity ināʻaʻole e mālama maikaʻiʻia nā mea kūʻai aku.
En-gjl-250 a ʻO VERSIET "Worldhorse" Girl Iron Iron Sign, kūpono kūpono nā ukana, ʻO ka papaʻaina, a me ka machindability ua hana muaʻia ma luna o ka densile.
3. Chemistry maʻamau & Moloka
Ma lalo nei he mau mea e koi ai nā mea iʻoi aku ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona microstructural i loaʻa ma ka en-gjl-250 hale kūʻai.
ʻO kēia mau manawa he mau papa kūʻai maʻamau - e hōʻoia mau i nā palapala hōʻoia.
| Mua | Maʻamau wt% pae | Hana / Nā memo |
| KālekaʻAʻI (C) | 3.0 - 3.8 | Hāʻawi i ka carbon no nā flakes pictite; ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka damping akā hōʻemi i ka ikaika. |
| Silikino (A) | 1.8 - 3.0 | Hoʻopau i ka hana kiʻi kiʻi a me nā mana i ka Matix (ʻO Ferrite vs kaulike). |
| Mang kāne (Mn) | 0.10 - 0.80 | Hana e like me ka deoxidizer a me nā pale paʻakikī; Hiki i ke aloha MN ke hoʻolaha i nā kākela. |
| Phoshorus (P) | 0.05 - 0.15 | Hoʻonui i ka wai i ka lawaiʻaʻana akā he nui ka p?. |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.02 - 0.12 | Makemake nuiʻiaʻo s s i ka paleʻana i ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka sulfide hao e hiki ke kumu i ka brittleness; E hana me SI e kāohi i ka morphology kiʻi. |
| 'Eron (Lia) | Kaulike (~ ≥ 93%) | ʻO nā Metallic Matrix, hui pū me C a me SI e hana i nā hana nui / ferrite. |
Nā leka uila Microstructure
- Kākau Pūnaewele: Ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i ka matrix, e hana ana e like me nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi ma ka'ā'īʻana akā maikaʻi loa no kaʻiliʻana i ka uila a me ka marinability.
- Manoi: ʻO ka maʻamau ʻO nā pēpē a iʻole ka serritic-pearlitic, kahi e hoʻonui ai kaʻike nui i ka ikaika i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika, a hoʻomaikaʻi hou akuʻo ferrite i nā ductility a me ka mancinability.
- ʻO ke kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi: Inoculation, Kaila, a me ka nui o ka nānāʻana i keʻano slake chem, Ka Hoʻohanohano, a me nā'āpana matrix.
4. Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies & Nāʻikepili maʻamau
Nā mea e hōʻike ai i nā waiwai hana no ka en-gjl-250 hale kūʻai (ʻO nā waiwai waiwai me ka Matrix a me ka papa hana; Pono e hoʻohanaʻia nā palapala hōʻoia no ka hoʻolālā):
| Waiwai | Waiwai maʻamau / Nā haʻona | Nā memo |
| Ikaika ikaika, Rm | ≥ 250 Mpa | Ke koiʻana o ka hoʻolālāʻana; ʻO nā hualoaʻa a nā kāleka kāleka-TEST-TEST TOCT TECE 250-320 MPA e hilinaʻi ana i ka matrix |
| Ewangantion (A) | ~ 0.2 - 2.0 % | Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa |
| Ikaika ikaika | ~ 600 - 1 200 Mpa | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ikaika; Hoʻohana no ka hoʻolālāʻana i ka hoʻolālāʻana |
| Paʻakikī paʻakikī (Hbw) | ~ 140 - 260 HB | ʻO ka hope o Ferritic haʻahaʻa; ʻO ka hopena ma mua |
| Elastic Modulus, E | ~ 100 - 170 GPA (Pēlā ~ 110-150 GPA) | Hoʻemiʻia e nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia |
| Ka hiki | High | ʻO kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui o ka hina hina |
5. Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele & Kauhini
| Waiwai | Waiwai maʻamau (i keʻano.) |
| Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua | ~ 40 - 60 W · m⁻¹ · ke⁻¹ (hilinaʻi i ka matrix) |
| Ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka (Cte) | ≈ 10 - 12 × 10-K⁻¹ |
| Kūlohelohe | Maikaʻi a hiki i nā wela wela; nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka matrix a me ka ikaika |
| ʻO ka mana wela | ~ 460 - 500 J · kg⁻¹ · ke Kg |
| Huakai | ≈ 7.0 - 7.3 g · cad |
6. Pehea ka hanaʻia - hana hana a me nā mea hoʻokele koʻikoʻi
Ka hanaʻana i nā cedies consistely en-gjl-250, inoculation, ka ho'ōla a me ka hōʻoluʻolu:
- Hoʻomālamalama & kauhau: kope, ʻO ka hao puaʻa a me nā hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻana i mareʻia ma nā cucola a iʻole nā mea kanu lāʻau.
- Inoculation: hoʻohui i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi o ka fe-si, ʻO Ferrosilicon a iʻole nā hana'ē aʻe i ka pocking paripila kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a me nā hoʻololiʻana i ka flaploalogy. ʻO ka Onoculate kūpono e hōʻemi i ka chill a me ka hao keʻokeʻo.
- Hui & ho'ōla: Nā Mold, Shell Molds Oole Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia.
ʻO ka hōʻoluʻoluʻana i nā pale: E hoʻolōʻihi i ka maʻalahi →ʻoi akuʻo Ferrite; wikiwiki wikiwiki →ʻoi aku ka nui o ka minite a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe. - Ke Kuhi Saulru & Magnesum: Ua hoʻokeleʻo Sulfur e kāohi i ka hoʻokumu kiʻi kiʻi; ʻaʻole like me ka hao ductile, ʻAʻole i hoʻohuiʻiaʻo Magnesium e hana i nā kiʻi kiʻi sptherroll.
- ʻO nā hana mālama: ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki-hōʻoluʻolu, E hoʻopiliʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani a iʻole nā mea mālama i ka pono o ka dimensional a hōʻemi i ke kaumaha kūlohelohe.
Loaʻa ka maikaʻi ma keʻano hana i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻokele kaʻina (ʻO ka loiloi melt, ʻO ACECOHANO DESTES, Ka hoʻokeleʻana o Thermal) a me ke kaniʻana i ke kaniʻana / hana hana e hōʻemi ai i ka poosity a me kaʻohiʻana.
7. Markinpalibility, E hui pū ana a me nā mālama kino
Markinpalibility
- ʻO ka Mancinability maikaʻi E pili ana i nā kila ma muli o nā flake kiʻi e hana ana i nā mea luku chip e like me nā mopla breakers a me nā lubricants.
ʻO ke ola nā ola maikaʻi a maikaʻi a hānai / wikiwiki paha e kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o nā mea kilokilo no ka ikaika like. - Nāʻokiʻoki i nā hiʻohiʻona hilinaʻi ma ka matrix: ʻO ka pālani Ferritic - maʻalahi loa; ʻO ka marlitic -ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi akā maikaʻi.
Hui pū (Welding & mohaihala)
- ʻO ka hao hina hina paʻakikī Ma muli o ke kiʻi kiʻi a me keʻano hoʻohālikelike; ʻO ka brazing a me nā mea hana paʻa e makemake pinepineʻia.
Inā makemakeʻia ka Welding, prereat, ʻO nā electrodes kūpono a me ka hana wela o ka wela e pono ai - e kūkākūkā i kahiʻenehana maʻamau a hana i nā hōʻike hōʻike.
Mālamaʻona & ka pale
- Pena a me nā kapa No ka paleʻana o ka pale o Corrosioni.
- ʻO ka panaʻana a iʻole ka paʻakikī paʻakikī Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi akā ua kaupalenaʻia e keʻano britle ma keʻano.
- Papa lole (impregnation) e hoʻopiliʻia i nā hale kūʻai hydraulic e hana iā lākou i ka leak-paʻa.
8. Nā noʻonoʻo kānāwai & Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi maikaʻiʻana
En-GJL-250 maikaʻi loa i ka wā e hoʻohana pololei ai -ʻO kēia mau'ōlelo aʻoaʻo maʻamau:
- Hoʻolālā no ka hoʻouluʻana a me ke kāʻeiʻana i nā ukana ma mua o nā mea pana shock shock. ʻO nā flakes pila e hana i nā mea i hoʻomakaʻia e nā mea i hoʻomaka ma ka'ā'ī.
- Hōʻalo i nā mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe - Nā'āpana nui, Nā hoʻololi hoʻololi, a me ka radii radii e hōʻemi i nā raisers kaumaha.
- E hoʻohana i ka ribbing a me ka'āpana e hoʻonui i ka'ā'ī me kaʻole e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā hemahema. E mālama i nā'āpana kūpono a iʻole nā mea hoʻolālā i hoʻolālā a hoʻolālā paha i nā cones / cores e kāohi i ka hoʻoponopono.
- Pūnaewele no anitotropy - Ma muli o ke kuhikuhiʻana i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana a me ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, Hiki i nā waiwai ke loli me ke kuhikuhiʻana.
E noʻonoʻo e kuhikuhi i ka heleʻana a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana e loaʻa ai i nā mea hoʻokūkū maikaʻi e loaʻa ai i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. - Nā palena palena palena: Hiki i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻololi i ka matrix a hōʻemi i ka ikaika - Kūkākūkā i kaʻikepili no nā noi kiʻekiʻe.
9. Loaʻa a me nā palena
Loaʻa iā en-Gjl-250
- ʻO ka Mancinability maikaʻi -ʻO ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā geomet o nā geomet.
- Kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe - hoʻoemi i ka vibration, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopauʻana i nā mea hana mīkini.
- Maikaʻi maikaʻi & komo i ka hana Ke hoʻohanaʻia nei nā paila pīpī.
- Kumukūʻai-maikaʻi -ʻO nā mea waiwai waiwai a me nā mea hana i nā kumukūʻai no nā'āpana i hoʻoleiʻia.
Nā palena o ka en-gjl-250
- Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - Frittle Fircture ma lalo o ka noʻonoʻoʻana.
- Paʻakikī i ka weld - Pono ke kala i nā kaʻina hana kūikawā a me keʻano.
- ʻO ka possy / shrishing pilikia - Pono i nā hana maikaʻi maikaʻi a me NDT no nā'āpana koʻikoʻi.
- Aninoropopy Ma muli o ke kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi - pono e mālama i ka hoʻolālā a me ka heleʻana.
10. Nā noi - no ke aha e koho ai nā mea hoʻohana i ka en-gjl-250
ʻO nā noi maʻamau kahi e hele aiʻo en-gjl-250 i kahi koho kūlohelohe:
- Nā kumu hana mīkini & Nā Frame - Kuhi + ʻO ka heluʻana o ka heluʻana i ka pololei machivation.
- Nā poloka mīkini & Nā poʻo cylinder (nui nā hoʻolālā) - ka hale noho a me ka maninia ma ke kumukūʻai kūpono.
- Pump & nā kino valve, nā holohaʻana -ʻO nāʻano likeʻole o nā wahi kokoke me nāʻano maikaʻi.
- Nā discs lor, Pauleila - Ke hana neiʻo Thermal Conductitic a me ka Damping pono i loko o nā mea hana kaʻa kaʻa.
- Hosdraulic hosings & ʻO nā keikiʻo Gearbox - Maininhable, nā hale paʻahao kūlike.
11. Nā helu kaulike ma nā kūlana honua
En-gjl-250 kaʻike nuiʻia a loaʻa Nā mea hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana nui o nā kūlana honua, nā mea maʻalahi ʻO ka hana honua honua, Hoʻolālā Hoʻohālikelike, a me nā mea kiko'ī.
ʻOiai e loli iki iki nā mea hoʻohālikelike, Ua huiʻia kēia mau mea hoʻohālikelike e ka ikaika o ka densile (~ 250 mPA) a me nā microsruping clake.
| Kūlana kūlana | Mākaʻikaʻi kahua noho | Ke kīʻana i nā māka |
| Malaulii (I) | En-gjl-250 | Ka ikaika o ka ikaika o ka densile ≥ 250 Mpa (I 1561) |
| Alemania (Mai) | GG25 | E hana i kāu hoʻolālā; ʻO keʻano o keʻano kūpono a me ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka pila |
| Pākē (Gb / t) | HT250 | Ka ikaika o ka ikaika o ka densile ≥ 250 Mpa (Gb / t 9439) |
| American (Hosm) | Astm A48 35 | Ka ikaika o ka densile 246 Mpa (35 ksi) |
| Anterhi (ISO) | ISO 185 Papa hana 250 | Ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia me en 1561 nā koina mechanical |
| Kepanī (ʻo ia) | He fc250 | Hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike a me ka ikaika o ka ikaika 250 Mpa |
| Lukia (Gost) | Sch25 | Ka ikaika o ka ikaika o ka densile ≥ 250 Mpa (Gost 1412) |
Hoʻomaopopo no nā meaʻenehana a me nā mea kūʻai aku: E hōʻoia mau i ka Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies, Ka papa Kiʻi, a me ka hui pūʻana I nā palapala hōʻoia e pili ana ma mua o ka hilinaʻi waleʻana i nā inoa inoaʻo Nominal, E like me nāʻano likeʻole ma ka hana matrix hiki ke pili i ka hana, markinpalibility, a me ka nui.
12. Hoʻohālikelike me nā helu hao e pili ana
No nā mea hoʻolālā e koho i ka hao hao, He mea kūpono ke hoʻohālikelike En-gjl-250 me ka launaʻana i nā helu hao hina hina (En-gjl-200, En-gjl-300) a he Lunamakaainana ʻO ka pae hao hao (En-gjs-400-15) E hoʻomaopopo i nāʻokoʻa i ka hana mechanical a me nā noi.
| Waiwai / Waiwai | En-gjl-200 (Papa haʻahaʻa) | En-gjl-250 | En-gjl-300 (Papa kiʻekiʻe) | Ui (En-gjs-400-15) |
| Ikaika ikaika, Rm (Mpa) | 200-240 | 250-320 | 300-370 | 400-450 |
| Ewangantion, A (%) | 0.3-1.5 | 0.2-2.0 | 0.2-2.5 | 12-15 |
| Paʻakikī paʻakikī (HB) | 120-180 | 140-260 | 180-300 | 170-230 |
| Ikaika ikaika (Mpa) | 400-600 | 600-1,200 | 700-1,400 | 700-1,500 |
| Ka hiki | High | High | Kūpono | Loli |
| Markinpalibility | Kūpono | Kūpono | Maikaʻi loa | Maikaʻi loa |
| Pelekane / Tensile Functility | Pelekane Pelekane | Pelekane Pelekane | Iki iki | Hewala haahaa, koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe |
| Nā noi maʻamau | Nā hale haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā'āpana liʻiliʻi | Nā waihona mīkini, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike, Nā poloka mīkini | ʻO nā'āpana nui o nā hao hao nui, komo i nā'āpana | Nā Kūlana Kūlana, ʻO nā wahi kaʻahele kiʻekiʻe, ka nui o nā'āpana |
ʻIkeʻia:
- En-gjl-250 ʻo ia ka "kaulike" i ka papa hao hina: ʻO ka ikaika o ke kānāwai, maikaʻi loa, a me ka makaʻikaʻi ma, Ke kūpono nei i ka maikaʻi o nā hale hana hoʻonohonoho pono.
- En-gjl-200 he softer, lihu, a ua kūpono maikaʻi no nā'āpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
- En-gjl-300 he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, kūpono no ʻO nā noi hana koʻikoʻi aka me ka emi iki iki a me ka domping.
- Ui (En-gjs-400-15) hāʻawi ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono, Ke hana nei i ke koho no ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua-lawe a iʻole nā'āpana koʻikoʻi, ʻOiaiʻo ke kaʻaʻana a me ka manchinetability ma lalo o ka hao hina.
13. Hopena
En-GJl-250ʻO kahi papa inoa a me keʻano o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ke kanaka hao i hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma nāʻoihana kahi ʻO ka papaʻaina, ʻO ka machinianbility maikaʻi a me ka pā pono.
Kona ikaika i hōʻoiaʻia (~ 250 mPA) e hoʻolilo iā ia no nā noi he nui, Akā, pono nā mea hoʻolālā eʻike i kānaʻano brittle Trittle Tensele, ʻO ka weheʻana i ka hiki ke ola a me ka hiki no ke kauʻana i nā hemahema.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ponoʻana o ka en-gjl-250 e hilinaʻi nei Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, nā mea lawe kiʻi (inoculation a me ka hōʻoluʻolu), a me ka nānāʻana i nāʻano loiloi /ʻaeʻia.
FaqS
ʻO ka en-gjl-250 matchinable?
ʻAe -ʻo ka hao hao keʻokeʻo ma waena o nā meaʻenehana maʻalahi i nā mīkini e pili ana i ka mīkini no ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pahu pahu.
Manoi (ʻO ka pākeke ma ka ferritic) pili i nā ola hana a me nā mea i hoʻoponoponoʻia / wikiwiki.
Hiki iaʻu ke weld en-gjl-250?
Hiki ke paʻakikī akā paʻakikī. Nā kaʻina hana kūikawā (prereat, fluler Matched, ʻO nā'ōlelo kiko'ī, ʻO ka hōʻoluʻolu o ke kaumaha) A koiʻia ka ho'āʻoʻana.
ʻO ka brazing a iʻole nā mea hana paʻa i makemake pinepineʻia.
He aha kaʻokoʻa ma waena o en-gjl-200 a e en-gjl-250?
Hōʻike nā helu i nā ikaika o nā ikaika (≈24 MPA 10 ≈250 MP). ʻO ka helu kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i kahi pākeke piclitic hou aʻe a iʻole ka hanaʻana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokō ai i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.
Pehea e wehewehe ai i kaʻaeʻana i nā kiʻi?
E wehewehe maopopo En-gjl-250, koiʻia ka ikaika (Rm ≥ 250 Mpa), kikowaena paʻakikī, ʻO ka papa flake flake a iʻole he hapa matrix he mea pono inā pono, a koi ndt (hoʻoili pūnaewele, Ultrasinatic) a me nāʻaelike match.
He aha ke kumu o ka slake slake slake a no ke aha ia mea?
ʻO nā flaket flakes e pili ana i keʻano o ke kaheʻana i ke kahe wela i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai. Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo Orientation i kahi aninorropy: ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea mechanical.
Pono nā mea hoʻolālā e noʻonoʻo i ka papa hana a me ka heleʻana i nā flaken flakes maikaʻi loa i nā mea nui.
