Ka Heluhelu & Ka hanaʻana o ka conderanum alloys

Kiola aluminum ʻO nā mea nui e kiʻi i nā mea pivotal i loko o ka automotive, AerERPPACE, Nā mīkini mīkini, a me nā mea hoʻohana uila, mahalo no ko lākou mau kukui māmā (density 2.5-2.8 g / cm³), ʻO ka Castability maikaʻi loa, a me ka hanaʻoleʻana.

Hoʻokumuʻia ma kā lākou mau kumu mua, ʻO ka laweʻana i nā Alumini alloys i hoʻonohonohoʻia i loko o nā'ōnaehanaʻehāʻehā: Al-Si (HELULUM-Silcearch), Al-c (aeminumum-keleawe), AL-mG (Aluminum-Magnesium), and Al-zn (alumula-zinc).

Hōʻike kēlā me kēia'ōnaehana i nā hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa i nā koi o ka noi noi, mai nā mea nui kiʻekiʻe a me nā'āpana aftpace i nā'āpana corrosion-resistant moana.

Hāʻawi kēiaʻatikala i kahi loiloi piha o kā lākou papa, nā mea nui, nā mea'ē aʻe, a me nā mea noi pūnaewele-hanaʻia ma ka astm b179, ISO 3116, a me nā kūlana honua'ē aʻe.

1. Ka Heluhelu: ʻEhā mauʻohana Princical o nāʻohana alulunim alloys

2. ʻO kaʻohana kaulana i ke kāʻeiʻana - al-si alloys

Kūleʻa maʻamau & moloka

• A: maki 7-12 wt% I nā helu helu helu; kokoke-eatectic (~ 12.6 wt% si) Hōʻikeʻo Composititions i ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
• Nā hoʻohui'ē aʻe: Mg (≈0.3-0.6% ma A356) No ka paʻakikī paʻakikī (Mg₂si priptates); Cu (I ka piston a iʻole nā ​​kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe) No ka ikaika o keʻano kiʻekiʻe;
  I i ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe a me keʻano o nā alloys hyperetutectic e mālama i ka Bricon Silicon.
• E like me kā Microstructure: Ma muli iho α-Al Dendrites Plus Pussctic Silicon (a + A).
  I ka Anewcesified Alloys Etutectic SIʻo Boarse a me nā papa-like; Ma hope o ka hoʻololiʻana o ka sii i lilo i mea maikaʻi a me ke ahi.

Nā hoʻololiʻana o Eutectic (kumu a me nā mea hoʻokele)

Pūnaehana: e hoʻohuli i nā pale, platery si i kahi morphology flabous morphology maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ductility, ʻO ke kikowaena pūnaewele a me kaʻehaʻeha.

• Soitium (Na) -ʻO keʻano kūpono maikaʻi loa akāʻo Vollale; pono i ka hoʻopaʻaʻiaʻana a me ka mālama ponoʻana.
• Storanium (Sr) -ʻO ka mea hoʻohana nui loa i hoʻohana nuiʻia; hana maʻamau 0.015-0.03 wt%; ʻO Overdosing ka hemahema a hiki ke hōʻoleʻia.
• Male annimony (Sb) - Ua hoʻohanaʻia me ka sr i kekahi mau'ōnaehana e hoʻopili ai i ka hoʻololi.
• Nā Mokuna Pūnaewele - Hiki i nā hoʻohui liʻiliʻi e hoʻopaʻa i nā hopena hoʻololi hoʻololi a me ka prolong hoʻololi i kekahi mau alloys.

Hanaʻino a me kā lākou mana

• 'Eron (Lia) - ka mea kūponoʻole i ka hewa i nāʻano paʻakikī, mea kūwaha brittle (E.g., Huakaihewa, Al₉f₂si₂) nā mea e pili ana i nā wahi elima a me nā pale o ka pale a me ka paleʻana.
  Miomi: Hoʻohui Mn (≈0.3-0.5%) Oole Cr (≈0.1-0.2%) E hoʻololi i nā pōloli i nā morphologies liʻiliʻi (Al₆(Lia,Mn)), a e kāohi i nā mea kanu scrap.
• Phoshorus (P) - nā hopena me nā hoʻololi hou; Hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka Furnace Furnace Charge P Manaʻo.
• SN / PB - E hana i nā etutuges haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka pōkole wela a wela; MAKANA < ~ 005% Inā hiki.
• Calcium (Ca) - Hiki i ke koho i nā mea hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe e ho'ēmi ai i ka loli a me ka hoʻolahaʻana; Ka Pūnaewele < ~ 005% no ka hale hoʻokipa maikaʻi.

ʻO kaʻelele a al-si casting alloys a me nā noi

• A356.0 / A ak-alsi7mg (≈SI 7.0-7.5%, MG 0.3-0.5%) - i hoʻohana nuiʻia & hui mau-moll aly; ʻO ka wela-mālama (T6); noi: Nā poloka mīkini, nā hale hou, huila.
• A357 - Pēlā e like me A356 akā me ka hoʻokeleʻana i ka mana o ka nui a me nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe.
• A319 / A380 (nāʻohana make) - al-si-cu-cud-cureing alloys i hoʻohanaʻia no nā hale o kartomotive patomotive, ʻO nā hubs, nā leʻaleʻa o nā kāne.
• Hyopeecticx al-si (A > 12%) - i hoʻohanaʻia no nā pistons a me nā noi noi ma muli o ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi (pinepine pinepineʻia me nā'ōmole ni / rare e hōʻemi i ka brittleness). Hōʻike i ka hoʻohuiʻana: Alsi12c2mg No nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o Peson.

3. Al-CURT CRAND FORLY - ikaika ikaika a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe

Metralurgy & Hana

• ʻO ka ikaika i loaʻa mai Al₂cu (Th) Ua hoʻokumuʻia nā manawaleʻa i ka wā kahiko; Cu i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika-i mālamaʻia a me ka wela-maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika.
• Kuʻikoli: Ua hoʻonui ka CU i keʻano pōkole wela, ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana a me ka shrink i ka wā o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana; Pono e kamaʻilioʻo Casting i kēia mau mea.

Nā hoʻohālikelike maʻamau & hoʻohana

• ʻO nā leka uila kiʻekiʻe (E.g., Al-c me 3-10% cu): hoʻohanaʻia no nā vale, noho mau noho, a me nā'āpana e koi ana i ka ikaika o ke kūpaʻa a me ka ikaika o ka mīkini i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
• Ka haohao multiticomponten (Hoʻohui o MN, Mg, etc.) hiki ke hana i nā mea paʻakikī paʻakikī e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka hana wela.

4. Al-mg chore alloys

Nā hiʻohiʻona nui

• Mg 3-6 wt% i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea e hana ai i nā mea āpau al₃mg₂; I ka manawa kūpono, nui nā alloys alloys alloys i hōʻikeʻia i ka paleʻana i ke kū'ēʻana (i loko o ka moana, Nā Kūpepa-Kāleka) a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka allokes al-si casting alloys.
• ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana a me ka hopena o ka maʻi maʻi he mea nui; ʻO MG ka Oxidation-Prone i ka wā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai ke kāohiʻia.

Nā noi maʻamau

• KOMIKANA LOA, Nā Hana Kūʻai, ʻO nā hale kūʻai o Corrosionion-resistant a me nā'āpana māmā i kahi e kū ai ka pale o ka corrosioni kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO nā leka uila

• E hoʻohana i ka lewa i keʻano a iʻole ka fluxing, ho'ēmi i ka turbuglence e hōʻemi i ka dross a me hydrogen koho, A hoʻohui pinepineʻiaʻo SI liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mālama.

5. Al-zn (komo me al-zn-mg) E hoʻolei i nā alloys - ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela

Nāʻano hiʻohiʻona

• Zn (pinepine pinepineʻia me MG) Hāʻawi i kahi'ōnaehana Alloy e pane maikaʻi ai i ka hoʻonāʻana a me ka huhū (T6) ka hanaʻana ʻO nā uku kiʻekiʻe loa a me nā ikaika o nā densile.
• E like me ka hanaʻana o ka mea hana (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pososy a me ka wela wela) No laila e makaʻala i keʻano o ke kāohiʻana a me ka paʻaʻana.

Noi

• 'Clelo pololei, ʻO nā'āpana ikaika kiʻekiʻe kahi e kiʻi ai i ka mālamaʻana i ka wela wela eʻaeʻia - Aerospace Fitty a me kekahi mau mea hana.

6. Ke hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka hale noho a me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi

7. ʻO ka hana wela o ka hoʻoleiʻana iā Aluminim - nā kānāwai kūpono

ʻO ka hana wela ka mea hana nui e hoʻohuli i kahi micsstrucrig micsstructure as-chocinm, kūlana lawelawe.

No ka laweʻana iā Alloys, ʻO nā pahuhopu maʻamau:

(1) E hoʻonui i ka ikaika ma ka hopena + Quetch + ʻEhā (T-sysople);

(2) ho'ēmi i ka segregation a me nā mea i loko o ka homogentation e homogentation;

(3) E hōʻoluʻolu i nā kaumaha a hoʻihoʻi hou i ka dunctility ma kaʻaeʻana;

(4) Hoʻopili i ka Microstructure no ka DImensiontal Statibility i ka lawelawe.

ʻO nā puka makani maʻamau (NA MEAAI KOMOHE)

(ʻO nā waiwai he alakaʻi aʻoaʻo; E hōʻoia me ka mea kūʻai aku a me ka huahana huahana a me nā huahana huahana no nāʻano kūpono.)

Mea nui: soak manawa scale me ka nui o ka'āpana. E hoʻohana i nā helu helu Thermal-nui a iʻole nā ​​mea kūʻai aku e hoʻoholo ai e paʻa i nā manawa no ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā'āpana helu.

Nā hopena maikaʻi-maikaʻi-maikaʻi a me ka paleʻana

• ʻAʻole lawa ka hopena (wela wela / manawa pōkole) → Ka hana hewaʻole o nā'āpana; nā hopena i nā pane haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā mea hana maikaʻiʻole.
  Kinohi: E hāhai i nā papa hana hana manawa i hoʻoponoponoʻia no ka nui o ka pauku; E hoʻohana i nā Thermocoups a Simulation e hōʻoia i ka soak.
• O ka hopena (kiʻekiʻe loa / manawa lōʻihi loa) → Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka holoiʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (nui loa ma nā alloys kiʻekiʻe) a me ka palaoa ana.
  Kinohi: e pili ana i Max T a pale aku i ka nui; E hoʻohana i ka hoʻokele URNACE & kāhea.
• ʻO ka cutch cracking / Kauhai →ʻO ka nui o ka gradient a iʻole ke kāohiʻana i ka wā o ka quanch.
  Kinohi: ke pāʻani mau ai, E hoʻohana i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia a iʻole ka polymer quanch no nā'āpana nui loa; Eʻae i ka hoʻokaʻawale wela wela.
• ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi e lawelawe ana i ka lawelawe → Inā hele a me ka lawelaweʻana i ka wela, E hele anaʻo Premature.
  Kinohi: E koho i ke kūlana T7 / ma luna, a iʻole e koho i nā mea nui i keʻano (Ni-stabilized) No ka hāpaiʻana t.
• Palulu ma hope o ka mālama wela → nā koena mai ka saltech salts a iʻole ka wai i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka alumini.
  Kinohi: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kokeʻana (ka wai wai), E pili ana i nā Salts Salts, a pili i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana a iʻole nā ​​lole.

Nā manaʻo kūikawā e kaʻohana

• Al-si-mg (E.g., A356 / A357): Nā T6: Solution ~ 495 ° C, Quetch, Age 160-180 ° C.
  Hiki i nā hopena poosity; Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ka wela i ka ikaika akā hiki i ka mīkini ke hōʻemi ke hoʻemi i ka hana mechanical.
• Al-cu alloys: koi i ka homogentation no nā hale kūʻai nui e hōʻemi i ka hoʻopiʻiʻana ma mua o ka hoʻonāʻana; ka makaʻala makaʻala e pale i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka loliʻana o nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
• Al-zn-mg alloys: pane maikaʻi loa iā T6 akāʻoi loaʻo Quench-naʻauao; ʻO ka pilikia o ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha ma keʻano he mea kūponoʻole a me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi a me nā kūlana kaulike.
• AL-MG Meana: ʻaʻole nui ka nui (a iʻole he minimally); ʻO ka hana wela wela i ka hāʻawiʻana i keʻano o ke kaumaha / kaumaha ma mua o t6 e hoʻoikaika.

8. Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūʻai a me nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā noi i nā noi

• KAHOAIMAAIA, ʻO nā hale mālama wela: A356 / A357 (Al-si-mg) -ʻO nā hale paʻahana mīkini, Kauluhi, Nā'āpana huila.
• Nā'āpana make-cast (aitompetitive): A380 / ʻO A319ʻohana (Al-si-ce make) - nā mea hou, Nā hihiaʻo Gaarbox, ʻO nā hubs.
• ʻO nā piston kiʻekiʻe / nā'āpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Hyopeecticx al-si (Si 12-18 WT%) Me NI / E hoʻohui hou i nā Pistons, Nā Kūlana Pali.
• Marine / Corrosionion-koʻikoʻi: Al-mg hare toughts (Mg 3-6 wt%) - nā wahi noho kai a me nā mea hou.
• Ikaika-ikaika, Nā'āpana wela: Al-zn-mg chore alloys (Kumuhana i ka T6 mālama) - Nā'āpana kūpono e koi ana i ka ikaika static kiʻekiʻe.

9. Nā hopena

ʻO kaʻohana Aluminim Aloys heʻohana Vistarile e hiki ke hoʻopaʻaʻia ma luna o kahi ākea ākea, Nā Hana Hana a me ke Corrosioni, hana maikaʻi, Kaʻike, ʻO ka hana wela a me ka hoʻokumuʻana.

Al-SI Alloys ʻo ia ke kua o ka honua-alumini no ka mea e hoʻopili ai lākou i ka hale kūʻai maikaʻi me ka maikaʻi o ka hana me ka hana maikaʻi.

Al-c and Al-zn Hāʻawi nā'ōnaehana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē i keʻano o ke kumukūʻai; AL-mG ʻO nā alloys ka mea iʻikeʻia ma kahi o ka paleʻana o ka corrosion a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he paramika.

No ka hana kūpono, ʻO nā koho koho kūpono kūpono (e hoʻohana i nā hoʻolālā honua iʻikeʻia e like me A356 / A357, A319 / A380, Alsi12c2mg etc.) Me ka mana kūponoʻole, hana kūpono kūpono no al-si mauʻohana (Mr / na) a me ke ala kūpono / wela-wela.

 

FaqS

He aha ka mea nui loa i hoʻohanaʻia a Alluinum alloyum?

A356.0 (AL-moho) ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau, ʻO ka moʻokāki no ~ 40% o ka hana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma muli o kona hikiʻana i kona wahi paʻa, ikaika, a me ke kū'ēʻana.

ʻO ka mea nāna e kāʻei iā Allumim Alloy ka mea maikaʻi loa no nā noi mariine?

535.0 (Al-mg series) Hāʻawi i keʻano o ke kai kūwaho (Pahuikawa <0.005 MM / makahiki) a me nā lako māmā, Ke kūpono nei i nā mea hana moana.

Hiki i nā al-cu alloys e hoʻohanaʻia no nā hale kūʻai paʻakikī?

ʻAʻohe al-al-cu alloys i ka maluhia maikaʻiʻole (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, lulu nui) aʻaʻole kūponoʻole no nā geomet paʻakikī. E hoʻohana i A356.0 a iʻole A380.0 no nā'āpana paʻakikī e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

He mea e pono ai ka wela wela no ka al-zn-zn-mg alloys?

Al-zn-mg alloys (E.g., 712.0) pono t6 wela wela (ʻO ka hopena hana + ʻO ka wā kahiko) E kiʻi i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe (~ 180 mpa) aʻaʻole kūpono no nā noi noi.

Pehea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hale hoʻokipa o nā alloys al-mg?

E hoʻohui iā 0.5-1.0% si e hana i nā hana etuctic, e hoʻonui i ka wai, a e hoʻohana i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana i ka wā o ka holoiʻana e pale ai i kaʻae mg.