1. Hōʻikeʻike
ʻO nā hua ball ball he hapa-huli i nā mea e pani ai i nā polokalamu e hoʻohui pū ai i ka compactness, ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hikiʻana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kā lākou hana pololei a me ka hilinaʻi nui i hāʻawiʻia iā lākou i kahi koho maʻamau no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā mea kanu, Poolali, nā mea hana a me nā'ōnaehana cryogenic.
Eia nō naʻe ma lalo o ka maʻalahi o keʻano maʻalahi heʻanoʻano maʻamau, e hōʻike ana i ka chemistry, mea waiwai kino, ʻO ke kāʻeiʻana i ke kiʻiʻana a me nā koho hana e hoʻoholo ai inā e hāʻawiʻia kahi pōpō pōkole e hāʻawi i nā makahiki he mau makahiki.
2. He aha ka pōpō ball
A ball valve he ʻO ka hapaha-huli i ka wehe a me ka neʻeʻana o ka hoʻokele e hoʻohana ana i kahi hollow, kiʻiʻia spherical disc (ka "ball") E hoʻoponopono i ka pauku wai.
I ka wā e laweʻia ai ka pōpō o ka pōpō me ka loko o ka valve a me waho, E holo ana ke kahe me ka paleʻana.
Kahi 90, hoʻokele a iʻole e kahi mea hana, kuhi hewa i ke awa, e ana ana a ʻO ka paniʻana o ka pā.
Wahi a 6d ahi (Nā Vearline Valves), ʻO nā kumulāʻau nui ma / hana i nā kumu kūʻai, akā,ʻo kekahi mau hoʻolālā e like me ʻO nā Hoʻopā V-Port Eʻae i ka hukiʻana i ka paleʻana me ka pololei.
ʻO kā lākou mau pūpū i ka maʻalahi: maki 5-7 mau'āpana nui (kino, pōpō, noho mau noho, Kumu, Kahawai, bontnet), ka mea e hōʻemi ai i nā mea hikiʻole ke koho i ka wā e hōʻoia ana i ka hakakāʻana a me ka hilinaʻiʻana.
ʻO nā kāwele pōpō i kēia lā no kahi waihona 20-25% o ka mākeke kūʻai kūʻaiʻoihana, e hana ana iā lākou i kekahi o nāʻano waiwai nui i hoʻopiliʻia ma waena o ka aila & aila, Kekau, wai, Mana, a me nāʻoihana cryogenic.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui
- Hana wikiwiki: 90° rotation e hiki ai i ka wehe piha / kokoke i nā kekona 1-5 mau kekona, vsa. 30-60 kekona no nā hale o nā kikowaena-koʻikoʻi no ka paniʻana o nā panina (ESDS).
- Hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Loaʻa nā hoʻolālā piha piha piha <1 Psi ma 100 gpm no kahi valve 2-inch (Asme b16.104), 50-70% haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā vanbe blobe o ka nui like.
- Paʻa paʻa paʻa: ʻO nā Valded-noho i noho ai i ka ISO 5208 Palapala VI Lekage (<0.0001 Cm³ / min), like me 1 ka wai o ka wai i kēlā me kēia 10 makahiki; E hālāwai me nā Valled-Seated Valves e hālāwai me ka papa IV (<0.01 Cm³ / min).
- Nā wahi hana ākea: Kūpono no nā koina mai ka hakahaka 15,000 psi a me nā wela mai -269 ° C (cenogenic lng) i 815 ° C (ʻO ka hapa nui-kiʻekiʻe).
- Ke ola kiʻekiʻe: Nā valed-noho i nohoʻia e pili ana i ka 10,000-50,000 mau hana; Uaʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻolālā i kohoʻia 100,000 Nā Pāʻani Pūnaewele (6d ahi), ʻO nā hale kūʻai puka puka (5,000-20,000 mau papa).
Nā mea maʻamau a me nā terminology
Hui | Hana | ʻO ka Terminology kī & Nā memo |
Kino | Hale o nā hale kūloko; Hāʻawi i nā pilina paʻa a me ka hopena. | Hopena pālua: Flanger (ANSI B16.5), Nā Pōʻalima (Npt), Welded (Ansi B16.25). Nā helu kaomi: Helu 150-2500 / Pn 10-420. |
Pōpō | E huli ana i kahi spihese me nā mea i hāʻawiʻia eʻae ai. | Nāʻano pā'ālua: Piha piha (Port = piko nui), Hoʻemiʻia-bore (Kumupaʻa < pākū kikowaena). Paulapua: Ra ≤ 0.8 }m No ka hōʻailonaʻana i ka hilinaʻi. |
Noho mau noho | Ke hoʻomau nei nā apo i ka paniʻana i ka paniʻana i ka pōpō. | Nā Sea ma nā nohoʻilihune (Ptfe, Rpffe) → CHANS CHANOFF. 'Aiwai Pūnaewele (Lealea, Wc) → High-Temp / High-Greatball Service. |
Kumu | Hoʻopili i ka mea hana i ka pōpō; unuhi selecers. | ʻO Anti-Boumet hoʻolālā (6d ahi). Paliole: Nā apo kiʻi / PTFE I mea e pale ai i ka leakage. |
Hana / lawelawe | Hāʻawi i ka neʻe e hoʻololi i ka pōpō. | Hoʻohui: Leu (≤6 ") a iʻole ka mea lawelawe gear (≥8 "). Kauwawahi: Pnematic (1-5 s Acuation), uila uila (10-30 s Actuation). |
Bontnet | Uhiʻia; aeʻae i ke komoʻana. | Kāʻei bontnet No ka lawelawe lawelawe. Widd BONTNET No ke kuleana kiʻekiʻe / hoʻoponopono. |
Ke holo aku nei. Nā Kūlana Trunnion-Mountain
- Pāwīwī pōkole - He manuahi ka pōpō e hoʻololi i ka axilly ma lalo o ke kaomi a ke kaomiʻia i loko o ka noho ma lalo e sila. Maʻalahi a me nā mea maʻamau no nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi / medium a me nā mea haʻahaʻa.
- ʻO ka pōpō trunnion-mauna - Kākoʻoʻia ka pōpō (ancingred) ma luna a me / a iʻole nā trunnions lalo; ʻO nā noho e kau nei i ka pōkole i ka pōpō.
Hoʻemi ka hoʻolālāʻana o Trunnion i ka nohoʻana a me ka mālamaʻana i ka sorque a hoʻohanaʻia no nā noi nui a me nā noi kiʻekiʻe.
3. Nāʻano & Nā mea kani o nā lāʻau ball
Ua hōʻiliʻili nā hua wai pōkole i kahi ākea ākea o Hoʻolālā Kūlana, ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i hanaʻia i nā kūlana lawelawe kūikawā e like me ke kaheʻana o ka kahe, keka ao, Ka paipai, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me nā koi leʻaleʻa.
Aia ma lalo nei he hohonu i loko o nāʻano koʻikoʻi nui loa:
Piha-boret. Hoʻemiʻia-bore
- Piha piha (Piha piha):
-
- ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka pipe pipa (Δ 0).
- Kūpono no nā picklines picklines.
- Hoʻohana maʻamau i ka aila & ʻO ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa a me ka laweʻana.
- Hoʻemiʻia-bore (Hōʻemiʻiaʻo ke Port):
-
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka bear.
- Uku haʻahaʻa a me ke kaumaha, Akā ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (ΔP ~ 5-10%).
- Maʻamau i nā hana hana ma kahi e pono ai ka piggy.
V-Port Balves
- Hiʻohiʻona A V-shaped bead, e hiki ai i ka hukiʻana.
- Hāʻawi laina a iʻole nāʻano likeʻole o nāʻano likeʻole, kūpono no Kaho kahe Ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana.
- Ua hoʻopili nuiʻia ma keʻano o keʻano, pulp & Pepana, a me ka mālama wai.
Nā Kūlana Kūlana: 'Ōpala-noho. Noho-noho
- Noho mālie:
-
- Ptfe a iʻole rpff → BBBLE-BOBLE-STAND BLOTOFF, Palapala VI Lekage.
- Limit i ~ 200 ° C lawelawe.
- Noho-noho:
-
- Stellite a iʻole nā carbide carbide carbided verding → 815 ° C, Hoʻokomoʻia nā Media, a me ka papa mav leakage.
- Hoʻohanaʻia i loko o kahi paʻa, mea lāʻau, a me ka laweʻana.
Nā koho balota Bal (3-ala & 4-ala)
- ʻAe kahe ana, Hoʻohui, a iʻole e hoʻokaʻawale.
- Ho'ēmi i ka pono no nā hualoaʻa he nui a piping.
- Maʻamau i loko Ka Makani, Ke hana kino wai, a me nāʻoihana meaʻai.
ʻO nā hualoaʻa o cryogenic
- Hoʻonui i ka hoʻolālā bonnet i hoʻonuiʻia i nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma luna o ka papa cristogenic.
- E hana pono i lalo i -196 ° C (Ka lawelawe lng).
- Pono e hele Bs 6364 Ke ho'āʻo nei.
Ikaika loa & ʻO nā pale ahi ahi ahi
- Ikaika loa: Hoʻolālāʻia no nā koina a hiki i 15,000 Psi (Papa hana 2500). Maʻamau i loko welau a me ka hydraulic.
- Ahi-palekana: Ua lako me nā mea kilokilo lua-i-metala e komo ai inā e hoʻopauʻia nā noho palupalu. Hōʻoiaʻia Kii 607 / ISO 10497.
Hoʻohālikelikeʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o ka nui o ka baly valve
ʻO keʻano Bila | Nā hiʻohiʻona nui | ʻO ka helu hoʻohālikelike maʻamau | Noi |
Piha piha | ʻO ka Dose Drive Drop, Piggle | Helu 150-1500 | Pono & Nā Pīpeku hau, slurries |
Hoʻemiʻia-bore | Ka waiwai, compact, δ | Helu 150-600 | Nā lāʻau kanu lāʻau, Hvac |
V-awa | Kaohiʻana o ka wai ākea | Helu 150-600 | Ke kaʻina hana, Ke hana kino wai |
Noho mālie | Bubble-paʻa, palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa | Helu 150-600 | Wai, meaʻai, ʻO Pharma |
Noho-noho | Kahua Kahiko / Abrasion, Papa iv bromoff | Helu 600-2500 | E hōʻoluʻolu, Mana, slurry |
Port-Port (3/4-ala) | Hui pūʻana /ʻokoʻa, ka mālamaʻana | Helu 150-300 | ʻO Pharma, wai, meaʻai |
Cessogen | Ka hack i hoʻonuiʻia, -196 ° C | Helu 150-900 | Lng, ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o ka hau, CRERETRACESS |
Ikaika loa | A i 15,000 Psi, nā noho hao | Helu 1500-2500 | ʻOkoʻa'oihanaelaʻoe, ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hydraulic |
Ahi-palekana | ʻO ke ahi e kau ana i ke ahi | Helu 150-2500 | Petrochemical, resineries |
4. Nā mea waiwai, Kālea, a me nā hōʻailona hōʻailona o nā kumukūʻai poepoe
ʻO ka hana a me ke ola o ka lawelawe o kahi pōpō pōpō ikaika e hoʻoikaikaʻia e ke koho kino kino, Trim (pōpō, Kumu, noho) Ka Hoʻolālā, and Keʻaiʻikepili.
Nā lako kino maʻamau
- ʻO ka hao hao (Astm A216 WCB): Hoʻohana nuiʻia i ka aila & aila, wai, a lawelawe hou i ka lawelawe 425 ° C. Kumukūʻai-kūpono akā pono ke koho i kaʻae.
- Kila kohu ʻole (Astm A351 CF8M / Cf3m): Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion, He kūpono no ka kemika, meaʻai, a me nāʻoihanaʻo Pharma. E hana mai Cryogenic (-196 ° C) i 815 ° C.
- Duplex & Super Duplex (Astm A995 Gr. 4A / 6a): Ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ēʻana. Hoʻohanaʻia i loko o nā wahi a me nā vansepa.
- Nickel alloys (Hailani, Actoel, Molol): No nā pāpālua o nāʻoihana (Nā'āpana, ʻO ke kai kino, Ke wai wai). Kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe akā hilinaʻi nui.
- Bronze & keleawe: No ka wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, Hvac, a lawelaweʻo Marine. Ka waiwai, Akā ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi / pae i ka hiki.
Nā Hana Hana (Pōpō, Kumu, Noho mau noho)
- Pōpō:
-
- Kū-starder: Kila kohu ʻole (AISI 316/304) No ka paleʻana o ka corrosioni.
- Nā pāpale: ʻO Chrome ka paʻa, Enp (ʻO nā mea uila uila uila), ʻO ke kākelaʻo Tungsten no ka lole / Abrasion kū'ē.
- Kumu:
-
- ʻO ke kila kila a iʻole ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kila anti-blatout hoʻolālā.
- Eha hanona (nitriding) e pale i ka galling i ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
- Noho mau noho:
-
- Nā Sea ma nā nohoʻilihune (Ptfe, Rpffe, PEEK): Hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona bubble-paʻa paʻa (Kakau Vi). Limit i ~ 200 ° C (Ptfe) Oole 250 ° C (PEEK).
- 'Aiwai Pūnaewele (Lealea, Wc, CR3C2): Message 600-815 ° C, Hoʻokomoʻia nā Media, māhu. ʻO ka hana mav bladoff hana.
- Nā noho hoʻomaka: Ptfe + kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
Ke kūʻai aku nei i nāʻenehana
- Papa mua (Ble-to-noho):
-
- Resilited sealing me PTFE no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pani paʻa.
- ʻO ka nohoʻana i ka memo-i-metal e noho ana no ke ahi-palekana a palekana.
- Ka Hoʻolau Kūleʻa (Hoʻolālā ahi ahi):
-
- Inā he mau wahi palupalu, Hoʻokomoʻia kahi mea hana metala seal (Kii 607 Palapala hōʻoia).
- Sem e sealing:
-
- Hoʻopili i nā paʻi mooki, Ptfe, a iʻole elastomers.
- ʻO Anti-Bold Stems Per Opi 6D e pale ai i ka maʻi ma lalo o ke kaomi.
- ʻO ka hoʻomahaʻana o ka lua & Pālua pālua-a-bleed (Dbb):
-
- ʻO ka hāʻawiʻana i nā noho e hoʻokuʻu i nā noho i hoʻokuʻuʻia i ka neʻeʻana i ka cavity.
- Loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona DBB ke kaomiʻana i ke kaomiʻana a me ka palekana palekana.
Pā'ālua compastration: Nā mea waiwai, Kālea & Moe
Hui | Nā Koho Kōkua | Nā hana hana | Nā noi maʻamau |
Kino | Wcb (ʻaihue kīwī), Cf8m (SS 316), Duplex, Actoel | -46 ° C i 815 ° C, E piʻi i ka papa 2500 | Pono & aila, kinopa, Mana, subesa |
Pōpō | SS 316, Enp-coated, Wc-coated | Cryogenic i 600 ° C | Lawelawe lawelawe, ʻO nā wai corrosive |
Kumu | SS 410/316, kila kila (Nuhuhi) | -196 ° C i 600 ° C | ʻEhā-Torque, ʻO nā awāwa kiʻekiʻe |
Noho mau noho | PTFE / RPPFE (pepeki), PEEK, Mea meta (Lealea, Wc) | Ptfe: ≤200 ° C; PEEK: ≤250 ° C; Mea meta: ≤815 ° C | Ka lawelawe nui, Cessogen, ʻO Steam kiʻekiʻe |
Moe | Ptfe (paniʻia), Metal-to-metal, Ahi-palekana | Hakahaka i 15,000 Psi | Resineries, Lng, Nā mea kanu mua |
5. ʻO nā ala hana hana a me nā mana kūpono o nā lāʻau pōpoki
Nā'ōhī Nā'āpana palekana-palekana I nā'ōnaehana wai hana, A koi kā lākou hana hana hana e pono e hoʻopaʻa pono i Hoʻolālā Kūʻai (Kii, Meme, ISO) and nā hōʻoia hōʻoia maikaʻi.
Ke hilinaʻi nei ka hana hana ma Valve nui, papa papa, a noi aku.
Nā ala hana
- Kauhi
-
- Sand cread (Astm A216 WCB, A351 cf8m): Hoʻohana no ka medium i nā nui o ke kino nui (>Dn 50) a me ka papa papa ≤ 600.
- Hoʻolei kālā: Hāʻawi i nā mea hana dimensional (Iso 8062-ct6 to ct8) a me nā mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻopau i nā mea liʻiliʻi e like me nā kumulāʻau (Dn 15-dn 100).
- ʻO ka hoʻoleiʻana i nā kūlou: Maʻamau ± 2.0 mm no ka mālamaʻana o Sand, ± 1.0 mm no ka hoʻopukapuka kālā.
-
- I hoʻohana no ikaika nui (Helu 900-2500) and ʻO nā kumuwaiwai lawelawe nui.
- ʻO ka carbon carbon a iʻole nā mea kila kila kila kila machlets i hanaʻia i ka geometry hope loa.
- Ua hoʻomaikaʻiʻo Graper Suin ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.
-
- ʻO ka hanaʻana i ke kino, pōpō, Kumu, a me nāʻeke noho.
- E hoʻopau pinepineʻia ka pōkole pōkole i Ra ≤ 0.4 }m e hoʻokō i ka papa o ka papa.
- Aiko: ±-02 mm No nā papa hōʻailona, ± 0.1 mm No nā'āpana maʻamau.
- Nā mea kino kino
-
- Enp (ʻO nā mea uila uila uila), ʻO BRROMY HARD, Turmesn carbide, a iʻole hvof spays I nā papa pōkole.
- Hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pale pale, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ke ola ma mua o 100,000 Nā Pāʻani Pūnaewele I ka lawelawe koʻikoʻi.
- Kāhea
-
- ʻO ka hālāwai o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no nā valeves i hoʻohanaʻia ma oxygen a iʻole ka lawelaweʻana.
- Ke noiʻana i ka noiʻana i keʻano no ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka noho / stem.
Ka mana kūpono a me ka ho'āʻo
Ua hōʻoiaʻia ka maikaʻi o ka pōleʻa ʻO ka nānāʻana i ka papa hana lehulehu a me ka hoʻokōʻana me Kii 598, 6d ahi, a me iso 5208:
- Kekau & Nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua:
-
- Hōʻike pili piliʻike (Pmi) E hōʻoia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka hoʻohuiʻana.
- Tersele, hopena (ʻO ka V-Notch ma -46 ° C), a me nā hōʻike paʻakikī.
- ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole (Ndt):
-
- Hoʻoili pūnaewele (T), ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana (U) No ka laweʻana i nā kino.
- Magnetic Particle (Mt) & DENA PEVERETRAT (Pt) No ka nānāʻana o kaʻaoʻao.
- Ke nānāʻole neiʻo Dimensonal:
-
- Cmm (Hoʻonohonoho i nā mīkini hōʻailona) E hōʻoia e pili ana i ka hoʻokōʻana.
- Pōpō poepoe i loko ± 0.01 mm koʻikoʻi no ka hōʻailonaʻana.
- Kālā paʻakikī (no nā pi 598 / ISO 5208):
-
- Hōʻike: 1.5 ×nahiʻia (10-30 min).
- Noho ka noho leka: 1.1 ×nahiʻia, Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā koi papa (Papa iv - mākou).
- ʻO ka hoʻokolohua haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: 0.6 Mpa eʻike i ka micro-leakage.
- Nā hōʻike kūikawā (No ka lawelawe koʻikoʻi):
-
- Hōʻike hōʻike cryogonic (Bs 6364) a -196 ° C.
- ʻO ka hōʻike palekana ahi (Kii 607 / ISO 10497).
- Fugitive admism (ISO 15848, Kii 641).
6. ʻO nā pahuhopu hana nui a me nāʻikepili maʻamau
Ua loiloiʻia nā kumulāʻau ʻO nā Metric koʻikoʻi e hoʻoholo ai i nā kūpono kūpono no nā noi pili kiko'ī.
Hoʻopili kēia nui (Dn), ka helu ikaika, kahe ana (Cv), Ke hana nei, a me ka papaʻaina.
ʻAno Valve | Dn / NPS | Ka helu ikaika | Cv Round | Ke hana nei (Nm) | Palapala Hakage |
Ke hele nei i ka noho palupalu | 15-200 mm / ½ "-8" | Helu 150-600 | 10-1,200 | 5-150 | ISO 5208 Kakau Vi |
Trunnion-sounded metal-noho | 100-1,400 mm / 4"-56" | Helu 900-2500 | 1,200-25,000 | 150-3,000 | ISO 5208 Class IV |
V-Port Slow Clock | 15-300 mm / ½ "-12" | Helu 150-600 | 5-800 | 10-200 | ISO 5208 Kakau Vi |
Cessogen | 15-600 mm / ½ "-24" | Helu 150-900 | 10-2,500 | 10-500 | ISO 5208 Kakau Vi |
Ikaika loa / Ahi-palekana | 15-1,000 mm / ½ "-40" | Helu 1500-2500 | 50-15,000 | 250-3,500 | ISO 5208 Class IV / VI |
7. Nāʻano hana maʻamau a me ke aʻa-kumu
ʻO keʻano hanaʻole | Kumu maʻamau | Miomi |
Noho leʻa | Lole lole (abrashion / erosion), kekahu lawai, nā mea hōʻino | E hoʻohana i nā noho metala a iʻole nā pale paʻakikī no ka lawelawe abrasive; hoʻohui pole; E koho i nā kaila noho kūpono |
STEM Leaking / nā mea like fugid | Hoʻopili i nā mea hoʻopiʻi, Ke Kauka Kauka, ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho hewa | Ke kāohi nei i ke ola, ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho kūpono, E hoʻohana i nā'ōnaehana hoʻohālikelike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa |
Highreanaway High / paki | Kahiki / Galling, Nā waihona paʻa i hoʻopaʻaʻia, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka | E hoʻohana i nā lole corrosiod-resistant, ʻO Anti-hopu i nā hana lapaʻau, ka wela a iʻole ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka lawelawe cryogen |
Popo popo / Paaliuli | Kāu kamaliʻi, ʻO ke kaheʻelua oʻelua, Nā kiko'ī | Hōʻalo i ka cavitation ma o ka hana kūpono; ʻO ka papa pā paʻakikī; E hoʻohana i nā noho metala no nā kahe o nā erosive |
Hanaʻole / ʻaʻole lawa ka maʻi | ʻO ka mea hana, mālama maikaʻi, hopena hopena | ʻO ka hana nui no nā hihia maikaʻi loa; komo i ka margin; ʻO ka lawelaweʻana a Routine |
ʻO nā pōʻino ahi (Nā Sea ma nā nohoʻilihune) | ʻO ke ahi ahi e pili ana i ke ahiʻo Pilter Noho | ʻO ka hoʻolālā ahi ahi ahi me ka papa melemele lua e noho ana i nā kūlana o ke ahi |
8. Nā noi o nāʻoihana
Hoʻokomoʻia nā'ōmole pōpō i nāʻoihana liʻiliʻi, Me nā hiʻohiʻona hihia e hōʻike ana i kā lākou hana:
Pono & Aila
- Noi: ʻO Opema Wīwī (Gulf o Mexico).
- ʻO nā hua'ōlelo Valve: 10-Inch trunnion ball valve, Duplex 2205 kino, Nā noho stellite, Ansi papa 1500 (3,600 Psi), Kii 607 ahi-palekana.
- Paʻakikī: 'Slewa 3,000 PSI kaomi, H₂s Corrosion (Nace Mr0175), a me 10 mau makahiki mālama mua.
- Nā hopena: Hana no 12 mau makahiki me kaʻole o kaʻole; hoʻemiʻia ka downtime e 80% vsa. Nā Valoko.
Petrochemical
- Noi: PolythingLone hana maʻamau (ʻO Texas resrinery).
- ʻO nā hua'ōlelo Valve: 6-Inch fo bed, 316L kino, ʻO nā noho rpff, Ansi papa 600 (1,440 Psi).
- Paʻakikī: Bubble-pani paʻa paʻa (Kakau Vi) I mea e pale ai iā Monomer Lekage; E mālama i ka 180 ° C i ke ola.
- Nā hopena: Loaʻa iā Zero Litakage no 5 makahiki; hoʻemiʻia ka pohō monomer e $50,000 ALO.
Mana pā'āʻu
- Noi: ʻO ka manaʻo Boiler Fedwater (mea kanu lāʻau, Maniana).
- ʻO nā hua'ōlelo Valve: 4-Inch V-Port Baly Valve, Hoʻohuiʻiaʻo Alloy Kōla (A182 F91) kino, Nā noho stellite, Ansi papa 900 (2,160 Psi).
- Paʻakikī: ± 2% kahe pololei; me ka wai 150 ° C wai.
- Nā hopena: Mālamaʻia ka wai hānai i loko o ± 1% o ka hoʻonohonoho; hoʻemiʻia nā pohō i nā mea e pono ai 2%.
Ke hana kino wai
- Noi: ʻO ka wai wai māmā (Los Angeles).
- ʻO nā hua'ōlelo Valve: 12-Hoʻopiliʻia nā bola bal, Ui (epoxy-coated) kino, EPDM Seats, Ansi papa 150 (285 Psi).
- Paʻakikī: Uku haʻahaʻa, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion (ka wai cholicated), a me ka hana maʻalahi.
- Nā hopena: Hoʻokomoʻia i loko 500+ Kūpono; 15-ʻO ke ola makahiki makahiki me ka mālama liʻiliʻiʻana.
Nā hale hakakala
- Noi: Sterile vacine hana (Boston Bouteoach).
- ʻO nā hua'ōlelo Valve: 2-Inch cartile grall valve, 316L electrpoted (Ra ≤0.4 μm) kino, Nā'Āpana PTF, Nā Kūlana Trim, FDA 21 CFR'āpana 177.
- Paʻakikī: Zero make nene (pale i ka uluʻana); CHOR CHANTOFF; CIP / sip kūpono.
- Nā hopena: Holo 10,000+ Nā cip excecs; ʻAʻohe mea hoʻohālikelike.
Cessogen
- Noi: LNG mālama kaʻa kaʻa. (Katala).
- ʻO nā hua'ōlelo Valve: 8-ʻO ka Ball Crayonic Ball Valve, 316L kino, nā noho ptfe (-269° C), ʻO ka lāʻau nui, Ansi papa 300 (740 Psi).
- Paʻakikī: Hana ma -162 ° C (Lng beeling point); mālama i ka papa papa VI.
- Nā hopena: Zero leakage no 8 makahiki; Hoʻopā i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o LG 10,000 gpm.
9. Ball valves vs. ʻO nāʻano'ē aʻe'ē aʻe
Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia nā koho ball no nā noi a me nā noi, aka e like me kā lākou hana a me ka kūponoʻole Gates, honua honua, Kukūlū, a me nā kumu waiwai.
Hāʻawi ka papa aʻe i kahi hōʻike hoʻohālikelike:
Pili / Metric | Ball valve | ʻO ka haleʻo Valve | Globe Valve | Butterfly Vy | E nānā i ka Valve |
Ka hana | Quarter-huli (90°) | ʻO ka laina e piʻi ana /ʻaʻole e piʻi i luna | Laina luku | Quarter-chor disc | Kaheʻana o ke kaheʻana |
ʻO ka paʻa paʻa | Noho mālie: Kakau Vi; Noho-noho: Class IV | Papa iv - mākou | Papa iv - mākou | Noho mālie: Kakau Vi; Noho-noho: Class IV | Papa iv - mākou |
Nā hiʻohiʻona | Kokoke kokoke; MINIMAL Δp; V-awa no ka thtttling | Wehe piha: MINIMAL Δp; ʻaʻole i'ōleloʻia | ʻO kaʻeha maikaʻi loa; Linear kahe | Maikaʻi no ke kauʻana a me ka hoʻololiʻana; 30-50% ΔP i ka weheʻana | Pale aku i ke kuapo; ʻaʻole no ka throttling |
Kaomiʻana | Haʻahaʻa loa | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa | High | Loli | Haʻahaʻa-haʻahaʻa |
Ola ola | 10k-50k (pepeki), >100k (mea meta) | Loli (5k-20k) | Loli | High (20k-50k) | High |
Nui & Ka pono kūpono | Dn 15-1400, Helu 150-2500 | Dn 15-2000, Helu 150-2500 | Dn 15-500, Helu 150-1500 | Dn 50-2000, Helu 150-600 | Dn 15-1200, Helu 150-2500 |
Mālama / Hoʻokaumi | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa; ʻO ka noho noho maʻalahi / stim | Loli; Kumu & Ke nānāʻana | Loli; Pono ke komoʻana o Bonnet | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa; ʻO nā mea maʻalahi / noho paʻa maʻalahi | Hoʻohaʻahaʻa; hana maʻamau |
Nā noi maʻamau | Pono & aila, petrochemical, Mana, wai, Cessogen | Poolali, wai, slurry | Māhu, Kekuhi, Ke kaʻina hanaʻana | Hvac, wai, pulp & Pepana, slurry | Wai, Pumps, Poolali, Hvac |
10. Haipule, Digitalzation a me ka mālamaʻana i nāʻano
Ke ulu nei kaʻoihana Bilal i ka hoʻokōʻana i nā koi no ka waiwai, nā hopena hou hou aʻe:
Digitalization (Nā Vale Blat Bal)
- It hoʻohui: ʻO nā Valves i lako me ke kaomi, keka ao, A Nā Mīīliʻu hoʻoolani (E.g., Rosamon Rosmount 3051) Hoʻouna i nāʻikepili maoli-manawa i nā'ōnaehana SCAD.
Hoʻolālāʻo AI nā algoripuths i nā hemahema (E.g., lole lole) 2-3 mau mahina i mua, e hōʻemi ana i ka downtime iʻole 30% (Emerson, 2024). - Nā hana uilaʻole: Nā hana hana uila-pôpeku (10-Nā Ola Hope) Eʻae i ka hana mamao mamao i nā wahi o subsea / offshore, Ke hoʻopau nei i nā uku hoʻolimalima ($50,000+ per valve).
- Kālā Mea: ʻO nā replicas replicas o nā awāwa (Ua e3d) Hoʻohālike i ka hana ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻololi (Ke kaomi / Temp), ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā papa hana hana a me ka hōʻemiʻana i nā overhalus e 20%.
Mea kūʻai holomua
- ʻO nā noho carphene-hoʻonui: Nā noho ptf me 0.1% ʻO ke kākuhi hoʻohui cuphenent 50%, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke ola o ke ola mai 50,000 i 75,000 Nā Pāʻani Pūnaewele (MIT Science Science Lab, 2023).
- Hoʻohui a Hoʻohuiʻia: 3D-PRGTED ACONELEL 718 Nā Kūlana Pihi (Ke kaʻina slm) ai 30% ʻOi aku ka momona ma mua o nā mea i koiʻia i ka wā e mālama ana i ka ikaika-kūpono no Aerospace / Autoomotive.
- ʻO nā polymers pono'ī: ʻO nā noho RPTFF e hoʻopiliʻia me nā micrcapsules e hoʻokuʻu i ka searlant i ka wā i hōʻinoʻia, E hōʻemi i ka leakage e 90% a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke ola noho e 3x.
11. Hopena
E hāʻawi aku i nā lāʻau ball i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, Hoʻohālikelike hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho a me nā mea maikaʻi loa, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i nā mea i manaʻoʻia i ke kaʻina hana hou a me nā'ōnaehana pono.
Ke hilinaʻi nei kā lākou hana kūleʻa i ke kohoʻana i nāʻano kūpono (kaheʻana i ka trunnion), wahie noho, kino kino kino a me ka hana hana hana pili i nā kūlana lawelawe.
ʻO nā hana engineeryy e hana ai i ka nui no CV a me Torque, pale i nā kiko'ī a me nā cavitation, A e koho i ka hōʻike hoʻokolohua a me ke kālepa.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nāʻenehana - nā hana akamai, nā lako holomua a me ka hoʻohui hoʻohuiʻana - e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hōʻemiʻana i nā kumukūʻai ola, Akā nā hoʻopaʻi kumu (ʻO ka wehewehe ponoʻana, Nā mea kūpono, kiʻi a hoʻouluʻia i ka hoʻokeleʻana) E hoʻomau i ka hana no ka hana lōʻihi.
FaqS
I ka manawa hea e koho ai au i kahi ble trinnion?
E koho i ka trunnion no nā'āpana nui (>~ 6-8 ") a me / a iʻole nā mea kiʻekiʻe i kahi e noho ai ka noho a me ka torque e nui loa.
He maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ka leleʻana i nā wahi liʻiliʻi no nā'āpana liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa.
Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohana i kahi pōpō pōkole no ka'ā'ī?
ʻAʻole kūpono nā koho balota maʻamau no ka huliʻana. E hoʻohana i kahi pōpō V-Port, a iʻole e koho i kahi globe globe / kāohi i nā modulate pololei.
He aha nā mea noho eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā slurries abrasive?
ʻO nā noho metala me ka paʻakikī (Lealea, turmesn carbide) makemakeʻia; Ua wikiwiki kokeʻo Polde i nā nohoʻo Loisom erode erode i nā lawelawe Abrasive.
Pehea wau e nui ai i kahi mea hana no kahi pōpō pōkole?
Loaʻa ka shataway ka mea hana i ka torque.
E hoʻohui i kahi palekana palekana (maʻamau 25-50%), E komo i ka hana o Gearbox, a koho i kahi mea hana me ka hana pono pono a me ka pale o ka nohona.
He aha nā hoʻokolohua e pono ai iaʻu e koi i kahi kauoha kūʻai no nā kumu kūʻai koʻikoʻi?
Ka liʻiliʻi loa: Hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike hōʻike (Nā MTRS), Hōʻike (1.5× Hōʻailona), noho ka noho leka (No api 598 / iso 5208), hana hana a, Inā pili, ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana ahi ahi (API 607 / nui 10497) a me ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka maʻi uila (ISO 15848 / Kii 624).