Ka hoʻokōʻana i ka hui kūʻokoʻa o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻO ka drivility maikaʻi a me nā pale kiʻekiʻe i ke kū'ē i ka hao o Austempered Ductile i haoʻia (Adi) hinges ma luna o kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka wela wela.
Ma kēiaʻatikala, Ke hōʻike nei mākou i kahi loea, ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo a me ka manaʻo nui loa o ke kaʻina hanaʻekolu o ADIʻekolu,
Ke nānā nei i pehea pehea e kau ai nā kīnani kī nui i ka microstructure a me nā waiwai, a hāʻawi i nā meaʻike i kaʻike-drive.
1. Hōʻikeʻike
ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao hoʻololi i ka mea hao ducle un i loko o kahi mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma o kahiʻoihanaʻoi aku ka wela Ke kaʻina hana Austempering.
NOEHUI, ʻIkeʻo ADI i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā wahi kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa, nā mea hana kaumaha.
Stucial, ʻO nā mea equalor e hana i ke kaʻina hana i ka ikaika o ka ikaika (600 - 1,000 Mpa), ewangantion (10 - 18 %) a me paakiki (320 - 380 HB), Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā noi noi.
2. Keena 1: Austetinizing
Hoʻopiliʻo Austequizing i ka hao ductile i loko o kahi ustinute austentite austentite eustentite ma nā carbied carbides.
Ka mana kūpono o ka mahana a me ka manawa i kēia papa ke kiʻi i ke kumu no ka waiwai o nā mea waiwai o Austempered Austempered Ductile.
Ka wela o ka wela
- ʻO ka maʻamau 850 - 900 ° C
- Haʻahaʻa loa (< 840 ° C) waiho nā kaʻaʻole, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻakikī
- Nui loa (> 920 ° C) kaukau i ke aloha nui, ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka descility
Soak manawa
- Nui 20 - 40 MAKANAKAI, Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka mānoanoa
- Nā'āpana Thuker (≥ 30 mm) koi hou i nā mea hou e hoʻokō i ka hoʻololi pihaʻana
- Over-souking (> 45 min) hiki ke hōʻeha i ka nui o ka palaoa nui a emi mai ka ikaika o ka momona
ʻO nā mea'ē aʻe
- Silikino (2.5 - 3.5 %) Mālama i nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi wikiwiki a me nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia
- Mang kāne (≤ 0.25 %) Kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i ka Austenteite akāʻo ka nui o ka mn e hiki ke neʻe i ka neʻeʻana o ka loli
- Copper a nickel paha E hoʻonui paha i nā hoʻohui, e koi ana i nā hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi i nā'āpana soak
Nā pahuhopu nui
- Wehe i nā kaʻa: E hōʻoia i kahi matrix Carbide-free no ka hoʻololiʻana o ka loli baina
- Shoproite kiʻi: Mālama i nā nodules kiʻi kiʻi e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī a me ka nui
- E kaomi i ka nui grain: Kuhi i kahi nui antm grain o 5-7 e kaulike i ka ikaika a me ka pono
Ke kaʻina'ōlelo aʻoaʻo
- E hoʻohana i nā Thermocoums: Embed ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka thermocouple i nā hale noho i nā hale kūʻai
- E hōʻoia pono i ka Fitnace pololei: Calbite i ka hanaʻana i nā zonating i nā wahi e hoʻomau mau ai 5 ° c contability
- Lawelawe i ka lewa: Ma nā noi koʻikoʻi, E hoʻohana i ka OndotherMic Gas a iʻole Nitrogen Backfillill e hōʻemi i ka decarburtion ma ka papa
E ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i kēia mau'āpana i ka wā o ka austentinizing, ʻO nā hōʻoia i loaʻa i ka helu o ka quanent a me ka isortermal a paʻa i kahi mea maikaʻi,
accular ausferrite microstructure-hoʻopakele i ka ikaika o ka ikaika, kumaikalua, a lole i ke paleʻana o ka haoʻo Austempeed Drika.
3. Keena 2: ʻO Rapid Quench i kaʻauʻauʻauʻau
I loko o kēia hana, ʻO ka pahuhopu ke hiki i nā mea hoʻololi i hoʻololiʻia (ʻO ka Militalite a iʻole mardite) a hoʻonohonoho pono i ka waiwai i loko o ka baintitic (ʻO kahi hana AUSferrite) Lumi mahalaha.
Ka loaʻaʻana o ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki.
Pinguli
- E hoʻoneʻe i ka hao ductile ductile i loko o ka puka aniani o ka puka aniani (Laia Haini Mua) I loko o kekona.
- Kāohi i ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka nui o ka peasite a iʻole bristlet martite, ka mea e hōʻole ai i ka ductitive a me ka paʻakikī.
ʻO ka medium quench & Keka ao
- ʻO kaʻauʻau paʻakai: Ka mea maʻamau, mālamaʻia ma 280 - 400 ° C.
- ʻO kaʻauʻauʻaila: Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā aila me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe ma loko o ka puka aniani o keʻano like.
- ʻIke Kūlana: Hoʻokuʻu i ka mahana o kaʻauʻauʻauʻau i ka hope loa-haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (280 ° C) ʻO ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe; 'ākau (400 ° C) hoʻomaikaʻiʻole.
Kaila
- Ka liʻiliʻi loa: ≥ 50 ° C / sec mai kahi mahana o ka martentinizing i ka pae balinetic.
- 'Āpana: Hōʻaloʻo Rapid i ka paleʻana i ka ihu o ka ttt (ʻO ka manawa-keʻano-hoʻololi-hoʻololi) ʻO ka curve kahi e loaʻa ai nā palapala.
- Ana: E hoʻohana i nā Thermocoules i hoʻopiliʻia a iʻole nā palapala hōʻoia e hōʻoia i nā uku.
Nā manaʻo nui
- ʻO ke kahe nui: Ka hoʻoikaikaʻana a iʻole ka hoʻopiliʻana i kaʻauʻauʻauʻau i ka hoʻoiloʻana i nā gisomet a me nā geomet o nā geomet.
- Māhele: Hoʻopau i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā "pale".
- Quench velocity: Lohi loa i nā pilikia nui; paʻakikī loa (E.g., Splash Quench) hiki i ka incuce thermal shock-kaulike he mea nui loa ia.
Ke kaʻina'ōlelo aʻoaʻo
- Maʻa kaʻauʻau preheat: Mālama i ka mana paʻa (± 2 ° C) No ka hōʻoiaʻana i nā waiwai hou.
- Hōʻemi i ka manawa hoʻololi: Hoʻolālā i nā'ōnaehana hoʻoiho lima (Nā Hooho, Nā Baskets) No ka neʻe wikiwikiʻana mai ka umu i kaʻauʻau, ka nānāʻana ma lalo 5 sec.
- Monitor Heath Chemistry: I nāʻauʻau paʻakai, E nānā pinepine a hōʻoluʻolu i ka maʻalahi o ka paʻakai paʻakai e mālama i nā hiʻohiʻona wela-hoʻololi.
- E pale i ka Oxidation: No nā mea hoʻokele e hoʻohālikelike ai, E noʻonoʻo i ka uhiʻana i nā pale a iʻole nitrogen backfillill i ka wā e hoʻololi ai.
E ka hoʻokōʻana i kahi paʻa, ʻO Rapid Quaden i loko o ka hale mālama pono,
Loaʻa nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi kiʻi ma ka SPRERORAL kiʻi a hoʻonohonoho i ke kahua no ka hana hou aʻe e paʻa ana i ka wela, Acicular ausferrite.
4. Keena 3: Isothermal love (Ke kaʻina hana Austempering)
Ma kēiaʻano hana wela-maikaʻi, Hoʻololi ka pahuhopu i ka hoʻololiʻana iā Austentite i kahi maikaʻi,
ʻO ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka banititic baintic-maʻamau i kāheaʻia puka waho-Which impsts austempered ductile i haoʻia i ka ikaika o ka inoa inoa inoa a me ka lōʻihi.
Pinguli
- E hoʻopaʻa i ka hao hao i ka mahana mau i ka hoʻololiʻana o Austentete e hoʻohuli i nā mea e like me ka ausferrite.
- Hoʻopaʻa i ka carbon i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka austentite e pale ai i nā hoʻololi martenietic ma mua.
Keka ao & Puka makani
- Nā haʻona: 280 - 400 ° C
-
- Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (280 ° C) hua ʻoi nui ka ikaika (E piʻi i ~ 1,000 MPA) aka, lalo iho (~ 10 %).
- Nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (400 ° C) Nā hua nui loa (E piʻi i ~ 18 %) a ikaika (~ 600 mpa).
- Paʻa i ka lōʻihi: 30 - 120 MAKANAKAI
-
- Nā Paukū Kuhi (< 10 mm) Hoʻopau piha i ka ~ 30 mau minuke.
- Nā'āpana ākea (> 30 mm) e koi paha i 2 mau hola e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ka holomua ausferrite piha.
Nā manaʻo nui
- Hōʻalo i lalo o ka paʻa: Loaʻa i nā Austenten ma mua o ka hoʻolālāʻana i nā pahuhopu hoʻolālā i nā soltens e lawe ana i ka paleʻana a me nā hōʻemiʻana i ke kū'ē.
- Hōʻalo ma luna o ka paʻaʻana: ʻO ka manawa nui o ka manawa nui i nā papa baintitic, ka hōʻemiʻana i nā ikaika ikaika.
- Mālama i ka loleʻauʻau: E hoʻohana i ka hoʻonāukiuki a iʻole ke kauʻana e mālama i ka mahana ma waena o ± 2 ° C a pale aku i ke kūloko ma luna o lalo a iʻole ka hoʻololiʻana.
Ke kaʻina'ōlelo aʻoaʻo
- Ka nānāʻana i ka manawa maoli: E kau i nā Thermocouples ma nā hale noho aliʻi e nānā i ka mōʻaukala maoli maoli.
- Ke nānāʻana i ka lewa: Ma nā noi koʻikoʻi, pale aku i kaʻauʻau me nā nitrogen a iʻole ka hopena e pale aku ai i ka paleʻana i ka papa papa.
- E hoʻopili i kahi'āpana'āpana: E hoʻonohonoho i nā mea kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia'āpana'ē aʻe i kekahi, e hōʻoia i ka hōʻikeʻana i keʻano i kaʻauʻau.
E ka noʻonoʻo ponoʻana i ka mahana, manawa a me ka lewa i ka wā e paʻa ai ka Austempering,
Loaʻa i nā mea loaʻa i kahi mea i loaʻa i ka microstrutic micsstructure, ka ikaika a me ke kāʻeiʻana.
5. Ke kaʻina hanaʻana & Hōʻoia maikaʻi
E mālama i ka consistency a hui pū i nā kūlana kūlike (E.g., Astm A897 mau helu 1-5), loaʻa ka loaʻaʻana:
- Ke kani nei ka Luna Hōʻailona: EMBED PROBES E KOMOHE ANA E PILI ANA I KA POHE ANA I KA LAHUI.
- Hōʻikeʻike melolo: E hoʻohana i ka microscopy optical a me x-ray e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻoili ausferrite a mālama i nāʻike assiedite.
- Nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua: Hoʻokō i ka tonsile, ʻO ka paʻakikī paʻakikī a me nā pilikia paʻakikī i nā hiʻohiʻonaʻelele e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokōʻana i nā kiko'ī.
Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka hoʻokūkū manawa maʻamau a me ka manawa o nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia, Hoʻomaopopo nā mea hana i kēlā me kēia batch i ka pale kaulike o nā waiwai.
6. Ka hanaʻana o kahi hao duclempeed iron
ʻO Austempeed Ductile hao (Adi) hāʻawi i kahiʻano likeʻole o nā mechanical a me nā mea hana hana-hana i hanaʻia i nā mea i loko a me nā kila.
| Waiwai | Nā haʻona / Waiwai | Nā memo |
|---|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika | 600 -1,000mpa | Hoʻohālikelike i nā mea hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa |
| Ka ikaika | 400 -700mppa | ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka YIE-TO-TONSILE (> 0.6) |
| Elongation ma ka wā hoʻomaha | 10 -18% | ʻO nā kaulike ikaika me ka ductility |
| Hālulu | 320 -380hb (≈30-40hC) | ʻO ke kū'ē maikaʻi loa i ka huhū |
| Ka palena momona | A hiki i 50% o nā usts (~ 450mpa) | Hoʻonuiʻia e nā kiʻi nodular e pale ana i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka crack |
| Hopena paʻakikī | 5 -15j (Chary v-notch) | ʻO ka hana nui o ka hana nui ma mua o ka hao hina |
| Kāohi i ka helu | ~ 1 × partm6 / n · · M | ʻO ke kū'ēʻana i ke kū'ēʻana |
| ʻO nā pale pale | 10 -20%ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kila | I loko o ka slurry a iʻole nā wahi hana i nā wahi |
| ʻO ka papaʻaina | A hiki i ka 15% o ka raborption ikaika | ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi maikaʻiʻoleʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kila kila |
| ʻOihana kikowaenaʻo Corrosiotion | ~ 0.05mm / makahiki (ph5-8) | Like me ka hao ductile; hiki ke hoʻonuiʻia me nā alloying / nā lole |
7. Nā noi o Austempeed Drika
Mahiai & Nā lako e neʻe ana
- Nā Pihi Plow, Nā niho niho & Nā niho'ōpala
- Hino & ʻO nā lima lima
Hoʻohana hā'ālua mana & Drivetrain
- Kāhea pālā & Nā meaʻala
- Nā'āpana & Nā'āpana'āpana machined (Astm A897)
- Kākau & ʻO nāʻokiʻoki niho niho
- Nā Kūpili CV & ʻO nā hubs
Nā mea kaumaha-hana
- Nā Kūlana & Nā leo
- ʻO nā hosings & Nā holohaʻana
- Nā Pūnaewele Convenge
8. Hopena
ʻO Austempered Ductile Iron Ur Privable Sound e puka mai ana mai kahiʻekolu mau manawaʻekoluaustetinizing, rapid quanching, and isothermal love-ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka paleʻana i kahi microstruc.
Me ka ikaika kūpono (600-1,000 MPA), kumaikalua (10-18 %), a me paakiki (320-380 HB), Hāʻawiʻo Austempered Ductile i kahi koho koho-kūpono i ke kumukūʻai i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā noi noi, mai nā hoʻoili automotive i nā mīkini kaumaha.
LangHe ʻO ke koho kūpono kūpono no kāu hana hana e pono ai inā makemakeʻoe i ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe ʻO Austempered Ductile Head Castings.
'Aluna'Āina: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/8/1/53
