1. Hōʻikeʻike
I ka hoʻopiʻiʻana i nāʻenehanaʻoihana-e hele mai ana mai nā papa hana o waho i nā mea kanu lāʻau lapaʻau e pono ai e hoʻohui i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion, a hilinaʻi i ka lole.
Astm A890 / A995 nā helu o ka laweʻana i nā fuplex a me nā mea hoʻokūkū maikaʻi loa e hoʻokō ai i kēia mau koi.
Ke nānā nei kēiaʻatikala i kā lākou mau kī nui, nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻike, a me nā noi maʻamau, nā meaʻenehana a me nāʻoihana limahana limahana me nāʻikeʻike pono e pono ai no ke koho koho kūpono.
2. Overview of Astm A890 / A995
Astm A890: Ma muli o [Nā hui Pelekane] (ksi, ° F, i, etc.), E wehewehe ana i ka huiʻana o ka lāʻau, nā mea like mechanical a me nā koi no ka nānāʻana o ka duplex a me nā mea kila kilati.
Astm a995: ʻO ia ka metric (A) chrew of A890, ʻO nā unuhi e pili ana i nā'āpana āpau o A890 verbtim, akā e hoʻohuli i ka ikaika, keka ao, nui, etc. i loko o nā hui Metric e like me MPA, ° C, mm, etc.
Astm A890 / A995 Hoʻokomoʻia nā uhi uhiʻana i nā mea hele austetitic-ferritic. E weheʻia i loko oʻeono "a" mau helu, Mai 1A (ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa-alloy) i 6A (ʻO ka Super Super-allo).
- Scope a me ka noi: Pili nā mea pili i nā mea e like me nā mea hou, nā kino valve, a me nā pipe pipe e hana ana i kaʻoihanaʻoihana.
- Duplex vs. ʻO ka papa hana super-duplex:
-
- Duplex nā pāpale (Grake 1a-3a) hiʻohiʻona ~ 50/50/50 Ferrite-Austenties Microstructures.
- Super-dulex nā pāpale (Grake 4a -6a) i loaʻa i ka mo a me n e hoʻonui i ka paleʻana i ke kū'ē.
- Casting vs. Nā hana hana: ʻO kēlā me kēia papa e pili ana i nā mea likeʻole (E.g., Kahu 3a →ʻAʻole i hoʻolei iā J92205 hoʻolei iā ↔ UNT S32205 i hanaʻia), Hoʻololi i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka waiwai.
3. Papa inoa nonmenclature & Nā hoʻolālā UNT
ʻO ka cryptic cryptic "na" Naming e hōʻike ana i ka piʻiʻana o ka ancy a me ka hana:
| Kumu | Kāhea iā mākou | Hanaʻole | Inoa maʻamau |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1A | J93370 | S31500 | Duplex 2101 |
| 2A | J9220 | S31803 | Duplex 2202 |
| 3A | J92205 | S32205 | Duplex 2205 |
| 4A | J93380 | S32550 | Super-dulex 2509 |
| 5A | Kanalua3404 | S32750 | Super-dulex 2507 |
| 6A | J93380 * | S32760 | Super-dulex 2570 |
*6ʻO kahi'āpana likeʻole e like me ka 4a akā pono akā e koi i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka m / n.
E like me kāu e neʻe ai mai 1a a 6a, Element Eleditions-nui a mo a me n-e kū mālie, Ke kū'ē nei i ka paleʻana o Corrosionion a me ka ikaika.
4. ʻO ke hoʻohālikelike o keʻano hoʻohālikelike
ʻO kahi nānā kokoke i nā mea'ē aʻe i nā mea e pili ana iā Astm Astm A890 / A995 / A995 i hōʻikeʻia i nā loli i kohoʻia ma ka chromium, nickel, Mybridelu, a me nā hana hoʻokele nitrongen.
I ke ʻano wae, Nā Kaumaka 3A (Duplex 2205 kiola) and 5A (Super-dulex 2507 kiola) Hōʻike i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka neʻeʻana mai Duplex maʻamau i Super-Duplex Chemistry.
| Mua | Hana | Kahu 3a (J92205) | Helu 5A (Kanalua3404) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cr | ʻO ka Crrosior Corrosiors | 24.0-26.0 wt % | 24.0-26.0 wt % |
| I | Austente Stabilizer; paʻakikī | 4.5-6.5 wt % | 6.0-8.0 wt % |
| Mo | Pitting / crevice resistivance enhancence | 2.5-3.5 wt % | 3.0-5.0 wt % |
| N | Ka ikaika a me ka piko o ka booster resorst | 0.10-0.20 wt % | 0.24-0.32 wt % |
| Mn | Deoxididhier; ʻO ka ho'ēmi | ≤ 1.5 wt % | ≤ 1.5 wt % |
| A | Deoxidation a me ke kōkua nui | ≤ 1.0 wt % | ≤ 1.0 wt % |
| C | Ka ikaika akā ka pilikia o ke kākela | ≤ 0.04 wt % | ≤ 0.03 wt % |
| P, S | Nā palena kūponoʻole | P n≤ 0.04 wt %, S ≤ 0.03 wt % | P n≤ 0.04 wt %, S ≤ 0.03 wt % |
Nānā: ʻO nā mea āpau ma ka hopena o ke kaupaona.
Kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o nā mea'ē aʻe
Hope loa, ʻOiaiʻo Molybdenum a me ka hana hoʻoikaika inoaʻo Nitrogen, E hoʻokiʻekiʻe pū lākou i nā kumukūʻai raw:
- Mybrideum kuai no $25-35 / kg kūwaho $5-8 / kg no ka nickel. A 1 wt % hoʻonui i nā loiloi i hoʻohuiʻia e pili ana i kahi kokoke $0.25-0.35 per kilogram of alloy.
- Nitrogen ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma alloy hana akā pono ke koi kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻopiʻiʻana.
5. Nā Pīkuhi Propertinies
Ke hoʻololi nei i ka neʻeʻana i ke kaheʻana i ka hana lawelawe, E hoʻoholo i nā mea hana mechanical e noʻonoʻo pehea pehea o A890 / A995 mau kāleka me nā ukana, hopena, a me ka hana.
I ke ʻano wae, Nā Kaumaka 3A (Duplex 2205) and 5A (Super-dulex 2507) E hāʻawi i nā hoʻomaikaʻi ikaika nui ma luna o nā mea hoʻokūkū Austenitic, ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka paʻakikī i ka paʻakikī no nā wahi likeʻole.
| Waiwai | Kahu 3a (J92205) | Helu 5A (Kanalua3404) | 300-SURES AUTENESTIIC (e.g. 316L) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikaika ikaika | ≥ 655 Mpa (95 ksi) | ≥ 795 Mpa (115 ksi) | ~ 485 Mpa (70 ksi) |
| Ka ikaika (0.2%) | ≥ 450 Mpa (65 ksi) | ≥ 550 Mpa (80 ksi) | ~ 170 Mpa (25 ksi) |
| Ewangantion | ≥ 25 % | ≥ 15 % | ≥ 40 % |
| Hālulu (Hrc) | ≤ 25 | ≤ 32 | ≤ 22 |
| Nā Kūlana Charpy (-50 ° C) | ≥ 40 J | ≥ 40 J | ≥ 20 J |
Ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī
Ka mua, ʻO ka Duplexʻelua a me nā Super Nā ikaika ikaika mea iki loa 1.3-1.6 × ʻoi aku ma mua o 316l.
NOEHUI, ʻO nā mea hoʻolālā e hoʻohana i nā pā pōhaku a iʻole nā mea i huiʻia a iʻole nā mea i huiʻia me kaʻole o ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻoukaʻana.
Eia hou, ka ikaika-ʻO ke kaumaha ma kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka deformation mau loa mai ~ 170 mpa i ka 316l i 450 Mpa I ka helu 3a, and 550 Mpa I ka Helu 5A, hāʻawi aku i ke kū'ē i ka paleʻana i ka curt a me nā kahe wai.
Kūlike a me ka paʻakikī
ʻOiai ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe, Ua mālamaʻia kēia mau mea hana duplex ewangantion (≥ 15-25 %). He ʻokoʻa, nui nā mea kilokiki kiʻekiʻe e hōʻeha i ka pono ma lalo 10 %.
Nui loa, Nā hōʻike v-notch ma -50 ° C E hōʻoia i nā ikaika o ka hopena ≥ 40 J, ka mea e hōʻike ana i nā heluʻelua i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka britle brittle.
Paʻakikī a hoʻopaʻa i ke kū'ē
A hiki, a 25 Hrc Cap ma ka Helu 3A a 32 Hrc Ma ka paʻakikī o ka helu 5A i ka paʻakikī me ka macinalibility a me ka weldictability.
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, Ua holo nā mea hana i nā mea kūʻai aku i luna 55 HRC akā nele i ke kū'ēʻana. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, Ua unuhi i kēia mau pae paʻakikī hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pale abumsion, ho'ēmi i nā kāʻei i nā kumukūʻai e 50 % version 316l i loko o nā hōʻike slurry-erosion.
6. Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion
Duplex a me Super-Duplex Steels Outperform Austeticstics i loko o nā hoʻolaha hoʻohālikelike:
Genenation Corrison:
I 3% HCL ma 50 ° C, ʻO nā course 3A ma waena < 0.05 MM / makahiki, Hoʻohālikelike ia ≈ 0.2 mm / makahiki no 316 SS (Astm g31).
Pitting & Crevice resistance:
-
- Kahu 3a (Kumulei ~ 21) kū i ke kīʻana i nā pae chloside a hiki i 1 M ma 25 ° C.
- Helu 5A (Wood >40) LOA > 3 M chloride ma lalo o nā kūlana like (Astm G48).
ʻO ka hakakāʻana o ke kaumaha:
Duplex motrostructures-nui loa ma 5a-hāʻawi i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe e choride scc, aeʻae i ka hana palekana i 150 ° C.
7. Loaʻa nā mea pono o ka astm A890 / A995 Cand Duplex a me Super-Dup-Duplex Steels
Astm A890 / A995 E hoʻouna aku i nā kāleka e hāʻawi i kahi hui hoʻohui e hoʻonohonoho ai iā lākou i nā mea kanu maʻamau.
ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe
- Ikaika ikaika piʻi i 795 Mpa i ka papa 5a a 655 Mpa I ka helu 3a-ma kahi kokoke 1.6× Nokia nei na ana 316 L Austetitic Stainless (≈ 485 Mpa).
- Ka ikaika hiki aku 550 Mpa (5A) wale nō 170 Mpa no ka 316 L, Nā mea hoʻolālā e hoʻopau i nā pale pā o ka pā ma luna o 30% ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka hikiʻana i ka mana.
Ma ka maikaʻi o kēia hoʻoikaika ikaika, E hoʻolōʻihiʻia nā mea i nā'āpana Duplex i liʻiliʻi me nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa, Nā Vilves, a me nā mea kūponoʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i ka palekana.
ʻO ka corrosioni kiʻekiʻe a me nā kū'ē kū'ē
- ʻO ka heluʻana i keʻano kūlike (Wood) ua nui aku 40 I ka helu 5A a me nā noho a puni 32 I ka helu 3a, ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia 20 no ka 316 L.
- I Astm G48 Nā hōʻike hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi, ʻO nā māka helu Super-Durplex Sandings Resisting Compride ma luna 3 M a 25 ° C me ke komoʻole, heaha 316 L nele ma 0.5 M.
Eia hou, Hāʻawiʻo Duplex Microstructures i ka resisonince endiad: Nā Hōʻike Manaʻo Slurry-Erosion 25-40% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 316 L, e hana ana i kahi890 / A995 kūpono no ka hāʻawiʻana i nā kahawai hana hoʻonāukiuki.
Maikaʻi loa keʻano o ka paleʻana i ka paleʻana
- Duplex alloys mālama i kahi kaulike 50/50 ʻO Ferrite-Austentite Mixt e hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻomakaʻana o SCC a me ka proppagation.
- Hōʻike kaʻikeʻana i ke kahua o nā kikowaena o keʻano o ka corping i nā mea i loko o nā blocks mariford (Helu 5A) luna 10 makahiki o ka lawelawe ma nā wahi waiwai i nā mea waiwai.
Ke hilinaʻi nei kēia hilinaʻi ma lalo o ka ukana a me ke kūleʻa o ke kaua e hōʻemi i nā paniʻole a me nā uku hoʻolimalima.
Nā lole a me ka ulia
- E hoʻolei i kahi 790 / A995 i nā Steels eʻae i nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea kīwaha maʻamau (ER2209, Hd594), hoʻokō ≥ 90% Hui Inlity.
- Ma hope o ka hopena o ka leka uila 1 050 ° C, Ua hoʻihoʻi houʻo Will Zones i ke kaulike kūpono loa, e hōʻoia ana i nā waiwai waiwai ma waena o ke kāʻeiʻana.
Hāʻawiʻia kā lākou palapala kau inoa, nā pāʻili, a me nā kihi i hoʻopaʻaʻia - e pono ai e koi i ka maching nui a iʻole ka hanaʻana inā i hanaʻia mai ka pā i hanaʻia.
Loaʻa nā ola ola
- ʻOiai e holo nā kumukūʻai raw- 20-30% ʻoi aku i mua 316 L, Nā kikowaena lawelawe (pinepine 2-3 × Lōʻihi) a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana 10-20% haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mea nona 20 makahiki.
- Hōʻike nā mea noiʻi i nā mea kanu desivanation e hōʻike ana 50% Heʻuʻuku nā mea iʻikeʻoleʻia i ka wā e hoʻonui ai mai 316 L i ka helu helu 3A Pump Housings.
NOEHUI, ʻO ka uku mua no ka leka uila a A890 / A995 / A995 e uku pinepine iā ia iho ma o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka mālama.
ʻO ka palapala noi
- Mai ʻO nā kino lāʻau lapaʻau and Nā Kūlanaʻo Subsea Manifold i Nā'ōkuhi o nā osmosis, Hanaʻia kēia mau kilaki i keʻano kūpono ma ka pH 0-14, mahana -50 ° C i 300 ° C, a me ka pa 35 Mpa.
- ʻO kā lākou papa inoa i hoʻopaʻaʻia i loko pono & aila, Marine, mana pā'āʻu, and ʻOihana hoʻoiliʻana underscores ko lākou kūlana e like me ke go-to gollys no nā kūlana lawelawe lawelawe nui.
8. Nā noi a me nā'āpana maʻamau
Ke kālepaʻana
- Nā kino valve a me nā bonnets
- Nā mea kīwī a me nā mea hanaʻole
- ʻO nā mea wela wela
Pono & Aila (Subsea a me nā topside)
- ʻO Subsea Manifold Blocks a me Kalikimaka
- ʻO nā flangs a me nā mea hoʻopili
- ʻO nā kāhiko-Valve Trims a me nā mea hoʻohui
Hoʻohanaʻoihana & Nā'ōnaehanaʻo Marine
- ʻO nā hale kūʻaiʻo OsMosis
- ʻO ka wai kai i loko o ke kaiʻana a me nā apo diffuser
- ʻO nā poʻo wai-wai-wai a me ka deck piping
ʻO nā mea pono e loaʻa ana
- ʻO nā'āpana hou a me nā poʻo kiʻekiʻe
- Pipe nile, tenate, a me kaʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula
- Cryogonic tank liners a me nā mea komoʻole
9. Hopena
Ma ka hōʻuluʻulu, Astm A890 / A995 BEDDER 3A MA 5A Hāʻawi i kahi hui hoʻohuihui o ka hana mechanical a me ke kū'ēʻana.
Kahu 3a (Duplex 2205 kiola) nā mea kūpono e pili ana i nā wahi hoʻoponopono kūpono ma ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa,
oiai Helu 5A (Super-dulex 2507 kiola) e kū ana i ka mea nui loa a me nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-albeit ma kahi premium.
Nā Manaʻo Hoʻohālikelike:
- Koho i ka Helu 3a Ke noho mau nei nā pae cholode ma lalo 1 M a me ke aniani < 100 ° C; Mālama i kāna kumukūʻai-kūpono no ka pump a me nā kino valve.
- E koho i ka helu 5a no ka subsea a iʻole nā lawelawe desalliination kahi i koho ai > 40 He koʻikoʻi; ʻO kāna paleʻana o ka scc scc resistun e hoʻomau i nā manawa lawelawe lōʻihi.
- E hahai i nā pale o nā pale a me nā hana pānaʻi i hoʻopaʻaʻia e mālama i ka mālamaʻana i nā miclotx duplex i nā'āpana i hoʻoleiʻia.
Koho LangHe No kāu wehewehe weheweheʻana-ecumied Astm A890 / A995 Cast Duplex a me Super-Duplex kila kohu ʻole Nā'āpana.
ʻO kā mākou mau mea i loaʻa ai i nā mea i loaʻa i ka hōʻoiaʻana a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻiʻana i ka hōʻoia maikaʻi, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ka pololei o ka dimedional no kāu noi noi nui loa.
Hoʻokaʻa'ōlelo I kēia lā e kūkākūkā i kāu mau koi kūpono a noi i kahi hua'ōlelo pilikino!
