Pūʻulu Kūʻaiʻo Aleminum: Nā kaʻina hana, Waiwai, a me na noi noi

1. Hōʻikeʻike

Pūʻulu Kūʻaiʻo Aleminum he kaʻina hana hana e pili ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i nā allus alumila a me ka hoʻokumuʻana iā lākou i loko o nāʻano likeʻole.

Hoʻopili kēiaʻano hana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hanaʻana i ka paʻakikī, māmā māmā, a me nā mea i koe o nā corrosionion-resistant ma waena o kahi ākea ākea o nāʻoihana, komo aitompetitive, AerERPPACE, mea uila, and ka ikehu hou.

E like me ka noi no ka ikehu-pono, Ke hoʻomau nei nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, Ua loaʻa iā Aluminum e hoʻolei i ka hōʻikeʻike i loaʻa ma muli o ka aluminum's ʻO keʻano ikaika-ikaika, ʻO ka hoʻokele maikaʻi loa, and Recyclabiality.

ʻo kahi laʻana, i ka ʻO kahiʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa, ʻO nā hale kūʻaiʻo Aluminim e hoʻonui ai i ka hōʻemiʻana i ke kaupaonaʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i nā mea e pono ai a iʻole ka pā uila i nā kaʻa uila.

2. He aha keʻano o ka alumini?

Pūʻulu Kūʻaiʻo Aleminum he kaʻina hana hana e pili ana i nā alluinum a iʻole nā alluinum a iʻole nā alluinum-alumini-e pili ana i kahi neʻe i loko o kahi neʻe i makemakeʻia i kahiʻano makemake.

ʻO kēiaʻenehana ke kumu nui i ka hana hou ma muli o nā mea waiwai a Aluminim, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, Ka HōʻaʻO Kokua, a me ka recylability kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke hana i ka hanaʻana o nā geomet paʻakikī me nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, Ke hana nei i kahi hopena kūpono-kūpono no nāʻoihana e hāʻawi mai ana mai aitompetitive and AerERPPACE i mea uila, ikaika, and kūkulu hoʻi.

He nui nāʻano hana alumini Sand cread, make buring, and Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai-Eiptich i kohoʻia no nā noi kiko'ī e pili ana i ka hanaʻana i ka nui, paulapua, a me nā koi kūpono o ka dimensional.

3. ʻO ka hanaʻanaʻo Alminimum

Aluminum ʻO ka hanaʻana i nā molys e hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia no ka ho'ōlaʻana i ka mea hao molten a hāʻawi i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o ka ikaika, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, kaulikeia, a me ka machindability.

ʻO kēia mau mea hāʻawi pinepineʻia e pili ana i kā lākou kinohi, ʻO ka pane wela wela, and KA AINAKE MAKA'PAāmahoʻana.

ʻO ka heluʻana o nā allus shops alluys

Ua hāʻuleʻo Aluminim i nā alloys e hāʻule i nā papa he nuiʻelua:

• ʻO nā alloys wela
  Loaʻa kēia mau kōkua i ka ikaika ma o ka hoʻonāʻana i ka hana wela wela a me ka huhū maikaʻi (E.g., T6 Magper). Maʻamau i nā'āpana hana a me nā kaʻa kaʻa.
• ʻO nā alloys hou
  Hoʻoikaikaʻia e ka hoʻoponopono paʻaʻana a paʻakikī paha paʻakikī, Ua maʻalahi lākou e hoʻolei a hoʻohana pinepineʻia i nā'āpana nui-kumu.

Eia hou, ua huiʻia lākou e nāʻano e like me ka Hui Pūʻulu Anumanim 'ōnaehana papa inoa (E.g., 3xx.x, 5xx.x, A356, ADC12):

4. Nā Hana Hana Aluminum

ʻO ka hanaʻana i nā hana hana a Alminimum e kūlike a me ka hanaʻana i nā koi kiko'ī o Greemetry, Volume, Kālā, paulapua, A me ka hana mechanical.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana nā ikaika a me nā palena, Ke koho nei i ke koho koho i kahi kumu koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻolālā huahana a me ka hanaʻana i ka pono.

Alunini sun kakanahi

Sand cread ʻo ia kekahi o nā kaʻina hana mua a me ka hapa nui. E pili ana i ka paʻiʻana i kahi kāwili o ke one a puni kahi hoʻohālike e hana ai i kahi cevity mold, a laila e hoʻopihaʻia me ka allunum.

Ua hana pinepineʻia ka molū o ke one mai Silii ma Sili Silita i hoʻopaʻaʻia me Clay a iʻole e hoʻopau a wāwahi paha ma hope o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i ka'āpana.

Hiki ke hoʻohana houʻia nā hiʻohiʻona, a hiki ke hoʻokomoʻia nā kumuwaiwai no nā lua kūloko.

Ua kūpono kēiaʻano hana no nā'āpana nui a me nā hana liʻiliʻi-liʻiliʻi.

Hāʻawi ia i kahi loli nui i ke koho alloy a me nā hale i kahi ākea ākea a me nā'āpana liʻiliʻi i ka nui o nā hale liʻiliʻi.

Aluminum Die Casting

ʻO keʻano nui o ke koʻikoʻi (HPDC) & ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (Lpdc)

Make buring pili i ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā molten alumini (make) Ma lalo o ke kaomiʻana.

I HPDC, Ua hanaʻiaʻo Aluminim i loko o kaʻai make ma ka pāʻana i ka hoʻomau pinepineʻana mai 1,500 i 25,000 Psi, hopena i ka hopena maikaʻi loa a me ka dimensional pololei.

He ʻokoʻa, Ua hoʻohanaʻo LPDC i ke kaomi hau (maʻamau ~ 0.7 bar) e hoʻoluli mālie i ke kala molten i loko o ka neʻe mai lalo, E hōʻemi ana i ka turbulence a hoʻomaikaʻi i nāʻano kūpono.

ʻO ka mea make e hoʻohana muaʻia ma nā wahi hana nui ma muli o nā manawa wikiwiki, nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa, a me ka hoihoi.

Akā naʻe,, pono ia i ka waiwai nui i ka mea hana make a he palena nui loa ia i nā alluinum a me nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku a me keʻano (E.g., ADC12, A380).

Palapala Kūʻaiʻo Anumanim (Nalowale shop)

Kāhaka kūʻai kūʻai Hāʻawi i nā mea kūpono loa ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona wax wax i kauʻia me nā mea resracty chectictor e hana ai i kahi neʻe.

Hoʻokahi ka paʻakikī o nā loina, ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka wax a hoʻololiʻia me ka molten aluminum. Ua wāwahiʻia ka pūpū ceramic ma hope o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana.

He kūpono kēia kaʻina hana no nā geomex paʻakikī, nā pāʻili, a me nā kiko'ī maikaʻi loa e paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha e hoʻokō me nā hana kūʻai'ē aʻe.

Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma Aerospace, reflan, a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe e kū pono ana i kahi kūpono a me nā mea kūpono kūpono loa. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻolei i nā wahi kokoke-Net-Net-Net-Net-Net.

Aluminm mau loa (ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka nui)

ʻO ka molū mau loa i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea kila non-ukuʻole a iʻole nā hao hao e hana i nā hale kūʻai nui.

Ua nininiʻiaʻo Molten Aluminim i loko o ka mū ma lalo o ka gravity, Ma waho o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke kaomi o waho. Ua hana pinepineʻia nā Mollow a me nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia me nā mea restitory e hoʻonui ai i ka kahe, paulapua, a me ka wiwo ole.

Ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i ke kauʻana o ke one, Hāʻawi kēiaʻano hana i ka maikaʻi loa, paulapua, a me nā mea hana mechanics ma muli o ka wikiwiki wikiwiki a me ka nui o keʻano palaoa.

Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ia no nā'āpana kaʻa, nā holohaʻana, A me nā'āpana kukui. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā mea i hoʻopaʻaʻia e hana i nā hiʻohiʻona kūloko.

ʻO nā hana kūʻaiʻana a Alminim

ʻO Centricugual kāhea

Centrifugal e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻohanaʻana i kahi pale wikiwiki e hoʻokaʻawale i ka molū.

Ua kūpono kēiaʻano hana no nā'āpana cylindrical e like me nā pipes, apo, Bussings, a moe. Hoʻopau ke kaʻina hana i ke komoʻana i keʻano o ka mīkini a me nā haumia, ka hanaʻana i kahi pā, ʻO ka papa hana maikaʻi maikaʻi.

Ua kūpono ke kaʻina hana no ka hanaʻana i nā'āpana seamless e koi ai i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopaʻa i ke kū'ē.

Squeeze casting

ʻO ka pīpīʻana i ke kāhikoʻana i nā pono o ka hoʻopoinaʻana a me ka makeʻana. Ua nininiʻiaʻo Molten Aluminim i kahi make mua a me ka hoʻouluʻana me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (maʻamau 10,000-20,000 PSI) I ka wā hoʻoponopono.

Hoʻopau ka paʻakikī i keʻano o keʻano o ka poosity a me ka hōʻoia i ka hana grain, hopena i nā hale kūʻai me nā waiwai e hoʻokokoke ana i nā alloys hana.

ʻO nā mea kūʻai akuʻo Squeeze, ʻO nā alakaʻi alakaʻi, a me nā papa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Nā Papa Hoʻolālā: Nā Hana Hana Aluminum

5. Nā mea hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona kino o ka hukiʻana o keʻano olaminim

Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia nā alluinum aluminalys ma kēlā me kēia o nāʻoihana ma muli o ko lākou hui maikaʻiʻana o ka hana mechanical, Nā kukui māmā, a me ke kū'ēʻana.

Akā naʻe,, ʻO nā waiwai i hoʻohālikelikeʻia ma muli o ke ala kūʻai, ʻAno, a me nā wela wela.

6. ʻO ka hanaʻana i ka hanaʻana i nā hana alumini

Ma hope o ka hanaʻiaʻana o nā hale kūʻai alumini, Pono lākou e koi i nā kaʻina hana post, Kahiki Pāʻani Waiwai, dimensional pololei, a me ka hana holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO kēia mau hana he mea maikaʻi loa e hālāwai me nā kiko'ī o kaʻoihana a me nā koi hana.

ʻO ka hana wela

• Kumu: Hoʻololi ka wela wela i ka microptructure o nā allus alumini e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika, paakiki, a me ka defility. ʻO nā hana hana maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻonāʻana, Queech, A a me ka wā kamaliʻi.
• Nāʻano hana wela wela:

• • T5: ʻO kaʻehaʻana ma hope o ka hoʻoleiʻana me kaʻole o ka hana kūpono. Hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻonui i ka ikaika.
  • T6: Ka hopena o ka hana wela ma muli o ka huhū maikaʻi. Ua noi nuiʻia no nā alloys e like me A356 e hoʻokō i ka ikaika ikaika a me kaʻehaʻeha.
  • T7: Ma luna o ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka paleʻana o ka corrosion resistion a me ka dimensional kūpaʻa ma kekahi mau uku o ka ikaika.

• Hopena: ʻO ka hana wela wela e hoʻonui i ka tonsile a hāʻawi i nā ikaika (E.g., Hiki iā A356-T6 Thisle Refrile hiki ke hōʻea ~ 250 mpa), hoʻomaikaʻiʻia elongation, a hoʻopaʻaʻia i keʻano kūʻai.

Hoʻopau ʻili

• Ua pana akuʻo ia i ka poki: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe e wehe i ke one, kūkaku, a me nā meaʻonaʻole, hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka paint a iʻole ka hoʻopauʻana.
• Anodizing: ʻO ka hana uila e hana i kahi papa o ka pipi no ka corrosione no ka paleʻana o ka corrosion, Hoʻohana pinepineʻia ma Aerospace a me nā noi Pūnaewele.
• Ka penaʻana a me ka paleʻana: Hāʻawi i ka paleʻana o ka corrosonition a me nā kala kala, pono no nā huahana automotive a me nā huahana kūʻai.
• Machimen: Ua hōʻoleʻo ia i ka mīkini i nā dimensional, hoʻokō i nā mea paʻa, a hāʻawi i nā papa hana hana (E.g., ʻO nā maka hōʻailona a iʻole ka laweʻana i nā papa).

• • Pono nā mea hana kūikawā a me nāʻokiʻoki i koiʻia ma muli o ka palupalu a me keʻano a me keʻano a iʻole ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā pono hana.

• Pohō a me kaʻiliʻana: Noi no ka hoʻonaninani a hana paha, nui loa i nā mea uila uila a iʻole nā huahana kūʻai.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻoʻana

• Alumini alloys, Akā ke hilinaʻi neiʻo Chip Modern a me ke ola ma keʻano o ka hoʻohuiʻana a me ke kauʻana i ka maikaʻi.
• Hoʻohana o nā mea hana kaʻa a iʻole nā mea hana (Kū, Hānū) Hoʻopau i nā ola hana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopauʻana.
• ʻO ka hoʻololiʻana o nā palapala ma keʻano i loko o ka hoʻolālāʻana e hoʻokele ai i nā mea hoʻokele waiwai.

ʻO ka hōʻike hoʻokaumahaʻole (Ndt)

• Kumu: E hōʻoia i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ke kūpaʻa ma o ka nānāʻana i nā hemahema o loko a iʻole nā'āpana waiʻole e hōʻinoʻole i ka'āpana.
• Nā hana maʻamau ndt:

• • X-Kahī Piʻi: ʻIke i ka poosity kūloko, Nāʻuala, a me na hoopai.
  • ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana: E hoʻomaopopo i nā cracks subsurface a iʻole nā delaminations.
  • ʻO ka nānāʻanaʻo Dye Penetant: I hoʻohanaʻia e hōʻike i nā cracks i nā kiʻi a me nā fissres.

• Ke hoʻokō nei i ka hoʻokōʻana o NDT e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokōʻana me nā kūlana kūpono (E.g., Astm B108 no nā hale kūʻai a Aluminim) a pale aku i nā hemahema ma mua o ka lawelawe.

7. Nā hemahema i ka wā e lele ana a me ko lākou paleʻana

• Potiwale:

• • ʻO ka pololi: Hydrogen mai Mistoure; paleʻia e ka degasing (nitrogen / argon price) i <0.15 CC / 100G H₂.
  • ʻO ka pololi: Hoʻolālā maikaʻiʻole; paʻaʻia e simulation (E.g., Magmanuaft) No ka hōʻoia pono i ka hōʻoiaʻana i ke kuhikuhi.

• Nā Hoʻohui: Nā Orites / Sand Blackles; kiʻiʻia ma o nā kānana femic (20-50 ppi) e lawe >90% o nā intusions ≥50 μm.
• Waimaka wela: ʻO ke kaumaha i ka wā hoʻoponopono; āohiʻia e nā kihi a puni, ʻO ka papa lole lole Uniform, a lohi mālie.
• Nā'ōpū anuanu: Hoʻopiha pihaʻoleʻana; Hoʻopaʻaʻia e ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mahana (5-10 ° C) a iʻole ka helu (0.5-2 kg / lua).

8. Loaʻa a me nā palena

Loaʻa nā pono o ke kāwele a Alminum

• Māmā māmā: He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loaʻo Aluminim (~ 2.7 G / cm³), e hoʻokō i ka hana o nā mea māmā māmā, ka mea nui i loko o ka hana kaʻa a me nāʻoihana aerospace no ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka pono feel a me ka hana.
• Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosion Corrossion: ʻAno kūlohelohe i kahi'āpana pale pale, hāʻawi aku i ke kū'ē maikaʻi i ka atmospheric a me nā mea kanu he nui, hōʻemi i nā uku mālama mālama.
• Maikaʻi maikaʻi a me keʻano uila: Ua hoʻohana nuiʻia nā hale holoi a Alminimum no ka nui o nā wela, Nā Houmpika Electriwn, a me nā'āpana e koi ai i ka wehe wela e pono ai.
• ʻO ka pae kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe: ʻOiai inā mālamaʻia ka wela (E.g., T6 kūlana), Loaʻa i nā Hale Kūʻai Aluminum e loaʻa ana i nā mea ponoʻole e pono ai no nā māhele hoʻonohonoho.
• Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai: Ua kūponoʻo Aluminim me nāʻano hana likeʻole, mai ke one mai ke kahuli ana i ka papaaina nui, aeʻaeʻia i nāʻano paʻakikī a me nā mea nui nui.
• Palapala maikai: Alumini Alloys.
• Recyclabiality: He mea hou loaʻo Aluminim me ka nalowaleʻole o nā waiwai, Kākoʻo Kākoʻo Hoʻolaha Kūʻai.

Nā palena o ke kāʻeiʻana o Aluminim

• Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Ua hoʻoheheʻeʻo Aluminim ma kahi o 660 ° C, ʻO nā palena o kāna hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā kila a iʻole nā mea kanu.
• Nā pilikia prosyy: ʻO nā mea hana a Alminimum e hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka poosity gas, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana kūlike.
• Hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo: Hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā metala ferous, Ua hōʻikeʻo Alumini Alloys i ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa a me nā pale pale, hiki ke kaupalena i nā noi ma nā wahi abrasive.
• ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hana no ka makeʻana: ʻO nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai e pale ai i ka makeʻana e holo ana i ka hana nui-volume kiʻekiʻe.
• Ka hoʻonuiʻana: Ua loaʻa iā Aluminim i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hōʻoia, Hiki i keʻano ke kumu o ka pae o ka dimensional.
• Hoʻohanaʻia i nā wahi e pili ana i nā wahi kūpono: ʻOiai ke kū'ēʻana, ʻAʻole kūpono ke kūpono a Alminim i nā Achidy no nā kūlana Acidic a Alkaline iʻole me ka paleʻole.

9. Nā palapala noi o nā hale kūʻai aluminum

• Kaʻa kaʻa: Nā poʻo Cylinder, Nā poloka mīkini, nā hale paʻi kiʻi, huila
• Aerospace: Nā kukui māmā, urowing, nā hana hana
• Mea uila: Nā housl, ʻO nā Sint Sint e koi ana i keʻano kiʻekiʻe
• Marine: ʻO Corrosionion-resistant Fittys, Nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike
• Ikaika: ʻO ka makaniʻo Turbine Hubs, Ua loaʻa iā Lad Lamp
• Kūkulu hoʻi & Biikona: ʻO nā mea hoʻonani o FAGRAZE, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai, Nā'āpana pale

10. Aluminum canding vs. Nā mea kūʻai'ē aʻe

Ua hoʻohālikelike pinepineʻiaʻo Aluminim i nā mea e like me nā mea e like me nā mea e like me ka hao hao, Magnesum, a me zinc.

Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia mea i nā mea maikaʻi loa a me nā palena e pili ana i nā koi noi e like me ka ikaika, Ke kaumaha, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, Kālā, a me ka mea hana.

Hōʻaʻakeʻa:

• Aluminim vs. Hae hao: ʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a Alminimum e kūpono i kahi kūpono e hōʻemi ai ka hōʻemiʻana o ka hōʻemiʻana, e like me nā'āpana kaʻa a me nā'āpana aerospace.
  ʻO nā mea hao i loko o ka pale i loko o ka pale a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe akāʻoi aku ka nui a me ka paʻakikī, Ke hoʻopau nei i kāna hoʻohanaʻana i nā māmā māmā a iʻole nā noi pili.
• Aluminim vs. Magnesum: ʻOi aku ka māmā ma ka magnesium ma mua o alumini akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka paleʻana, Ke kāohi nei i kona hoʻohanaʻana i ka māmā māmā, ʻO nā wahi kūponoʻole.
  Hiki ke kūʻai akuʻo Magnesium i nā mea kūʻai aku a koi aku i ka hoʻopiliʻana ma muli o nā hopohopo flammability.
• Aluminim vs. Zinc: Hāʻawiʻo Zinc Alloys i ka pololei o ka dimension ma kahi kūpono a me ka papa e hoʻopau i ka uku haʻahaʻa, Kūpono no ka liʻiliʻi, nā'āpana kiko'ī.
  Akā naʻe,, ʻOi aku ka nui o Zinc aʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka corrosion-resistant ma mua o ka alumini, Hoʻopili i kāna hoʻohanaʻana i nā noi a iʻole nā noi waho.

11. Hopena

ʻO ka hanaʻanaʻo Alminimum e hāʻawi i nā makana, ʻO ka hana kūpono-kūpono o ka māmā o ka māmā, keʻano kūlohelohe, a me nā'āpana corrosion-resistant.

Me ka koho koho pono (E.g., A356, A319), ke koho koho, a me ke kaawale, Hāʻawiʻiaʻo Chore Aluminim i ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma waena aitompetitive, AerERPPACE, Marine, mea uila, and kūkulu hoʻi Nā'āpanaʻaki.

E like me ke kūpaʻaʻana a me ka hoʻolālā māmā e lilo i koʻikoʻi, Ke hoʻomau neiʻo Aluminim i nā mea e hoʻomau.

FaqS

He aha ka mea ikaika loa alumini?

206-Hāʻawiʻo T6 Alloy i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (345 Mpa) Ma waena o nā mea kūʻai nui, hoʻohanaʻia ma Aerospace a me nā noi kiʻekiʻe.

Hiki ke hoʻopauʻia nā hale kūʻai a Alminimum?

ʻAe, aka, me ka akaaka. ʻO nā alloys wela (E.g., 356) E nalowale paha i ka ikaika i ka wahi wela i hoʻopilikiaʻia; ke kau nei me 4043 Hoʻololiʻo ia i ka mea hao i kēia hopena.

Pehea e hoʻohālikelike aiʻo Aluminum e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā lionaʻo Aluminim?

ʻO ka hānaiʻana i nā hana paʻakikī i nāʻano hana hoʻokahi (E.g., Nā poloka mīkini) Akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kalaʻana. Uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kalaʻana no nā'āpana kiʻekiʻe (E.g., lihao) Akā e uku 2-3 × keu.

He aha keʻano o ka poosity ma nā hale kūʻai alumini?

Ke komoʻana o ka hau (Hydrogen mai Mistoure) a iʻole kaʻaʻe i ka wā o ka hoʻoponoponoʻana. ʻO ka mea makeʻo ia ka mea nui loa, akā, hoʻemiʻia ka laweʻana i keʻano o ka breuum-kōkua i ka pososity i <0.5%.

ʻO nā hale kūʻai alumini e kūpono no ka hoʻohanaʻana i waho?

ʻAe. E like me 5083 (Marine-papaʻaina) pale i ka paʻakai paʻakai, Me kahi ola lawelawe o 20+ mau makahiki ma nā kahakai kahakai.