A360 aluminim alloy: ʻO ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Corrosioni Culrosion Died

1. Hōʻikeʻike

A360 ATMAINUM ALYULUINUS e noho ana i kahi kikowaena waena i loko o keʻano o ke kumu nui, Prized no kāna hui pūʻana o ka wai, ikaika, a me ke kū'ēʻana.

Ma ka hāʻawiʻana i kahi kaulike kūpono o ka hana mechanical a me ka mālama, Ua liloʻo A360 i kahi kūlanaʻoihana no ka automotive, Marine, a me nā mea hoʻohana-uila-uila.

NOEHUI, Pono nā meaʻenehana a me nā meaʻepekema e hoʻomaopopo i kāna huiʻana, ʻano hana i ka wā hana, ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona lawelawe, a me ka waiwai waiwai nui.

E uhiʻia kēiaʻatikala i kahi kumu kūpono o A360, Nā Pūnaewele Pūnaewele, ʻO ka hana mechanication, Pūnaewele kūleʻa, Nā manaʻo make-kauʻana, nā koi post-ho'ōla, a me na noi noi.

2. Alloy composition o alumini alloy A360

Alluinum alloy A360 he mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe i hanaʻia e nā alloy i hoʻolālāʻia e kaulike ai kaulikeia, ka ikaika ikaika, and Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion.

ʻO kāna mau wahi hoʻohuihui ia e like me ADC12 (I kekahi manawa i kapaʻiaʻo A383 maʻAmelikaʻAmelika) Akā me ka magnemi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana corrosion.

Ma lalo o keʻano maʻamau keʻano maʻamau (ʻO nā waiwai āpau ma ka paona paona):

3. O ka kino & Nā manaʻo nani o A360 Alluinum alloy

4. Nā mea like o A360 Alluinum alloy

5. Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion & Hana kūlohelohe

ʻO ke kiʻi pīhoihoi nui (Al₂o₃)

ʻO ka alumini, a me kāna mau mea makemake nui e hana i kahi lahilahi (2-5 nm) Amorthoris Al₂₃ papalua i loko o kekona o ka hoʻolahaʻana o ka lewa.

ʻO kēia kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻiʻia i ka wā e hoʻopiliʻia ai, Ma laila e pale ai i ka oxidation hou.

I static, Nā Kūlana Ph, Ua loaʻa iā A360 maʻamau e hōʻike pinepine i nā helu Corrosinis ma lalo 5 μM / makahiki,

ka hoʻoliloʻana iā ia ma mua o nā mea kila iʻole.

Pitting & Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni

I loko o nā'āpana choredide-ladenPihaʻana hiki ke hoʻomaka i kahi o nā cl⁻ ition e wāwahi i ka papa hana passive.

I ka astm b117 Saly-Saly, Hoʻomaka pinepineʻia nā'āpana A360 200-300 hola a 5% Nacl, 35 ° C.

Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, Marine-papaʻaina 5083 hana ma mua o 1 000 Nā hola hola. Pela no, pale i nā pale pale a iʻole ke anadizing e lilo i kauoha no kaʻikeʻana i kaʻike ma mua.

Like me, Kāleʻa Crenice Corrosioni hiki ke hoʻomohala i lalo o nā gaskets a iʻole nā ​​wahi i lalo, Ma kahi o ka Acoidition kūloko e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pH ma lalo 4, ʻO ka hana houʻana i ka bipi.

ʻO nā hoʻoponopono loiloi e hōʻoia ana i nā mea hana paʻa no ka drainage kūpono a me ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā poʻe koa non.

Pale i nā hana pale

• Anodizing (Type III a me TYCY III): Ke kūkulu neiʻo Sulfuric-Acid AnodIting 5-25 μM (Type II) Oole 15-50 μm (paakiki paakiki).
  Ka hōʻailonaʻana me nā maʻi nickel a iʻole nā ​​mea e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i nā hale kūʻai, e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ka pale-spirast i luna 500 Nā hola hola me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka nui.
• Nā constings: Chromite hoʻololi (Inidite) a me nā koho balotaʻole (E.g., Zirconium-hoʻokumu) E hana i kahi'āpana,
  <1 μ.
• Nā lole kani: Ua hui pūʻia nā mea nui epyy me nā polyurethane a iʻole nā ​​fluoropolymer topcoats e hoʻokō
  luna 1 000 Nā hola hola i loko o ka hōʻike paʻakai-spray, hoʻolakoʻia i ka papa (caustic etch a me ka deoxidizing) ua hahaiʻia.

Piliʻo galvancitions

ʻO ke kūlana a Alminim i loko o ka stire galvanic series e hana ai i ka anodic i nā mea hoʻohuihui he nui-keleawe, kila kohu ʻole, A me Titiani.

I kahi haʻahaʻa a iʻole ka electrolyte, Hiki i nā kāne Galvanic nā mea hiki ke hoʻokele i kahi corrosion A360 ma kahi o 10-20 μm / makahiki I ka wā e kamaʻilio pololei ai me ke keleawe. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hana Galvalicate, Loaʻa nā hana maikaʻi loa:

• Kaawalewa: ʻO Nylon a iʻoleʻo Polyaide Washers ma waena o Aluminim a me nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa.
• Nā pāpale: Ke noi nei i kahi papa pale pale ma ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o nā metals.
• Hoʻolālā: Pale aku i nā mea paʻaʻole-metala a iʻole e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohui uila uila.

6. Nā hiʻohiʻona make-kau inoa o A360 ALMUNUNUNUM ALLOLOL

I ka hiki ana mai ʻO nā mea e make nui aig (HPDC), Ke kū neiʻo A360 aluminim ma muli o konaʻano maʻamau, hana kūpono, a me ka noho holoʻokoʻa.

Hoʻopiha i nāʻano a me ka wai

Mua a mua loa, ʻO kaʻikepili kiʻekiʻe o A360 e hāʻawi ana i kahi wela haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me kahiʻano ākea ākea ākea,

Ke unuhiʻana i ka wai o ka wai ma lalo o nā'āpana o nā HPDC HPDC maʻamau (E moe ana ma ~ 585 ° 100, solidus at ~ 570 ° C). Ma ka hopena:

• ʻO ka pā o ka paia: I nā hoʻokolohua make-kūʻaiʻana, Hiki i kahi A360 ke hoʻopiha i nā mānoanoa o ka pā i lalo e like me ka haʻahaʻa 1.0 mm ma kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka 200-250 mm i ka wa i 70-90 mpa a me nā wikiwiki o ka plunger o 1.5-2.0 m / s.
• Hoʻemiʻia ka paʻa paʻa maloʻo: ʻO keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a Alloy ma lalo o ke kaomi i ka liʻiliʻi o nā minimizes mua, e hōʻemi ana i nā hewa anuanu ma luna 30 % hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā allowys haʻahaʻa e like me A380.

Nui loa, no ka mea, ua pālahalaha ka palena o A360, Hiki i nā mea hoʻolālā nā mea kōkua ke wehewehe i nā mea holo a me nā'īpuka e hoʻolaha ai i ke kaheʻana.

ʻo kahi laʻana, a 0.5 mm E hoʻonui i kaʻaoʻao o ka puka (Mai 5 mminoa 5.5 mm²) ʻO nā hopena pinepine 10 % ʻO ka wikiwiki e hoʻopiha i nā manawa, ka hoʻemiʻana i ka hopena o nā laps a iʻole nā ​​kuhi hewaʻole.

ʻO ka paleʻana a me ka pale paʻa

A hiki, A360 1.2-1.4 % Ma ka hōʻoiaʻana e koi i ka hoʻolālā make make e pale ai i ka poshity-makahiki. E pale aku i keia:

• Kuhikuhi i ka hōʻoia: Ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonohoʻana o lihuli-ʻO nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia a iʻole boryllium-keleawe.
  I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ka hoʻohuiʻana i kahi 2 mm mānoanoa keleawe chill e pili kokoke ana i a 10 hoʻemi i ka waihona mm i ka manawa hoʻoponopono kūloko ma 15-20 %, Ke kuhikuhiʻana i nā meaʻai i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
• Ka hānaiʻana: Ka hanaʻana i nā lehulehu, Hiki i nā'īpuka keʻae i ka molten A360 e hānai i nā pā nui, e hōʻoia ana i kēia mau wahi i lilo i ka wai a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono hopeʻana.
  Hōʻike pinepine kaʻikepili simulation e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻolālāʻelua e hōʻemi ana i ka helu shrink 40 % pili i kahi papa puka hoʻokahi.
• ʻO nāʻano hana Vacuum-kōkua: Kiʻi kiʻi i kahi hakahaka o 0.05 Mpa ma lalo o ka sleep sheeve i hoʻoemi i ka ea i hoʻopiliʻia, ʻaeʻia nā mea hānai meaʻai.
  Hōʻike i nā hoʻokolohua e hōʻike ana i ka hakahaka hpdc hpdc haʻahaʻa mai ~3 % e emi malalo iho 1 % Ma ka leo, hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka ikaika 10 Mpa Ma ka awelika.

Postity exigation a me ka hōʻoia maikaʻi

ʻOiaiʻo A360's Rapid Ramid Hand Excount i hoʻomaikaʻi i nā micrstructure maikaʻi, Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka hau a me ka pohō a iʻole ke kāohiʻia. Hoʻokomoʻia nā hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho maʻamau:

• ʻO nā nozzles Gas-Flush: Ma ka hoʻolaunaʻana i kahi pahu hau i loko o ka poki ma hope o ka pana pana, ʻO nā'ōnaehana'ōnaehana Gas-flash a me ka kipakuʻana i ka hydrogen i hoʻopaʻaʻia mai ka metlt.
  Ma kahi holo A360 e holo ana, Hoʻemiʻia ka pahu hau-flash i nā manaʻo hydrogen mai 0.15 ML / 100 G Al i 0.05 ML / 100 G Al, ʻokiʻana i keʻano-poosity ma luna 60 %.
• ʻO nā momi ka plunger e hoʻopili ai: He steperation steperation ramp (E.g., 0.5 m / kau 2.0 m / su i loko o ka mua 15 mm) hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka turbulence, ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā wahi stagnant starnant i ka lewa.
  Hōʻike kaʻikepiliʻikepili e hoʻololi waleʻia kēiaʻaoʻao 20 %.
• Ke hana nei ka hoʻokele ma ke kiʻekiʻe: Mālama i nā mahana make ma waena 200 ° C a 250 ° C e hōʻoia e hoʻokuʻuʻoleʻia kaʻaoʻao.
  Ke nānā neiʻo Thermocouple i nā kī i nā zones make i hiki ke mālama i nāʻano wela i loko ± 5 ° C, ka hōʻemiʻana i nā pale manuahi-freeze i kuleana no ke kino.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi Automated X-randing Oole Ct scanning eʻike ai i nā pores ≥ 0.5 mm.
No nā'āpana ORICION-Srical OtomotIve, he helu iʻaeʻia o ka < 0.3 % ua hoʻonohonoho pinepineʻia; Hōʻikeʻia nā'ōlelo aʻoaʻo metropivery 95 % nā heluʻike no nā koina.

Nā mea hana e hoʻohana ai a mālama pono

ʻOiaiʻo A360's Silikino (9.5-10.5 %) e hoʻonui i ka wai, ʻO kēlā mau mea paʻakikīʻo Si. NOEHUI:

• ʻO ke koho kohoʻana: ʻO ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe H13 Oole H11 ʻO ka hana maʻamau, Akā e hoʻomoʻi iā lākou Kū Oole ʻO ka carbon-like carbom (Dlc) hōʻemi i ka friction.
  I ka hanaʻana, Ua hoʻonui akuʻo Tin Coatings Life e 25-30 %, mai kahi awelika o 150 000 Hōʻikeʻiaʻo Shots e luna 200 000 Hōʻikeʻiaʻo Shots Ma mua o ka ukuʻana i ka refurbishment.
• Make make: Pohōʻana i nā keke make Ra < 0.2 }m Minorizes Adthesion of Readidying Aluminim, ka hoʻemiʻana i ke kūʻai aku a me ka galling.
  Pono nā mea i hoʻopiliʻia e like me nā mea liʻiliʻi ejectaction a me nā mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa mālama 10-15 %.
• Kāohi i nā hana mālama mālama: E pili ana i nā cumulative Flat Flaclative a me X-Ray Expback, Loaʻa pinepine nā hanana i ka hanaʻana i kēlā me kēia 50 000-75 000 Hōʻikeʻiaʻo Shots.
  Hoʻopili pinepine kēia papa hana i ka hoʻopili houʻana, hou hou, a ke nānā nei i nā micro-cracks e hoʻohana ana i nā ala fluorescent bluescent.

7. Markinpalibility & Post-ho'ōla

Machina

A360's 9.5-10.5% EMIPON SICHIND E hāʻawi i kahi hui me ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī. NOEHUI:

• Hoao: E hoʻohana i nā mea hana kaʻa (Kāleka K20-P30) me nā geometries koi a me nā kihi rake maikaʻi e hoʻokele i ka mana chip.
• ʻOkiʻoki i nā'āpana: Wikiwiki o 250-400 m / i, Uku i nā uku 0.05-0.2 mm / rev, a me ka hohonu hohonu o kaʻoki (1-3 mm) E hāʻawi i ke kaulike kūpono ma waena o ke ola o ke ola a me ka hoʻopauʻana.
• 'Ōpala: ʻO ka flaod flading me nā mea e pili ana i nā wai wai-wai a iʻole nā ​​mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku a iʻole e wehe i ka wela a me ka lubricate.

• 

Hoʻomālamalama, Paio, a me ke kaula-hana

• Hoʻomālamalama: Hoʻohana i nā peck-drilling (Ke hoʻi nei i kēlā me kēia 0.5-1.0 mm) e haʻalele i nā pōpoki a pale aku i kaʻaoʻao i kūkuluʻia.
• Paio: E hana i nā papa hana Spiral-Flite no nā lua; Koho i ka Hole Hou Senas i kēlā me kēia ISO 261 (E.g., #10-24 Tap i hoʻohana a 0.191 i. pre-drill).
• Thread-forming: I nā'āpana A360 (T0), Hiki i nā kaula kaula ke hana i nā kaula ikaika ma mua o kaʻokiʻana akā koi pono i nā lua pailaka.

Ke hui nei i nāʻano hana

• Welding: Hiki i ka nui o ka wela wela o A360; Pela no, Gas tungsten arc welding (Gtaw) me ka pulupulu 4043 (Al -5Si) Oole 5356 (Al -5mg) makemakeʻia.
  E hooikaika ana 100-150 ° C hiki ke hōʻemi i nā mea gradies thermal akāʻaʻole pono.
• Brazing a me ke kuai ana: ʻO nā hui A360 i hoʻopaʻaʻia i ka hoʻohanaʻana ʻOluʻo Aluminim Brazing Rod nona 4-8% Silipon.
  Hiki i nā koho Flux koho he nui-zinc-zinc-zinc e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a hōʻoia i ka holoiʻana.

8. Noi & Nā hiʻohiʻonaʻoihanaʻenehana

ʻO kahiʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa

A360 E kiʻi i nā noi noi e koi ana i ka māmā, ʻO nā geomet paʻakikī me nā mea hoʻohui likeʻole. Hoʻokomoʻia nā hiʻohiʻona:

• Nā hale paʻi kiʻi: Ke hoʻololi nei i ka hao ductile, Ua kaupaonaʻo A360 mau mea 30-40% liʻiliʻi ʻOiai e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika static (≥ 300 MPA TENNERILE).
• Nā papa hana uila a me nā mauna: Hiki i ka Die-hopu i nā pahu A360 ke hōʻemi i ka helu'āpana ma ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā mauna,
  ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i ka nui o kaʻaha nui e 1.5 kg No kēlā me kēia kaʻa.
• Kālā Kū'ē Manaʻo: Ua hoʻololiʻia kahi OMEM nui i kahi hale kaʻa hina hina hina (ʻiliʻili 4.5 kg) me kahi papa hana A360 make (3.0 kg),
  Ke mālama nei 1.5 kg aʻokiʻoki i nā kumukūʻai hana e 12% Ma muli o nā manawa pōkole pōkole a hōʻemi i ka machining.

Marine & KOMIKANA LOA

Marine-Swards A360, I ka wā i hoʻohuiʻia, ʻO nā mea i kū i ka paʻu ma nā wahi paʻakai:

• Ka Haleakae: Hiuntes, Ka holoi, a me nā'āpanaʻili i hanaʻia ma A360 kākoʻo 200 Nā hola hola i ka astm b117 Saly-Saly-Spiray ho'āʻo me kaʻole o ka nānāʻana.
• Nā mea i hāʻawiʻia: A360 PUMPS no Bilge a me nā noi o Bilge a me nā noi i hiki ke hana ma 5 m hohonu No ka 5 makahiki me ka hana anedize a me ka mālamaʻana i kēlā me kēia 2 makahiki.

Mea uila & Nā pā

ʻO ka hui pūʻana o A360 o ka hana a ka thermal a me nā palapala hōʻoia i kūpono i nā wela wela a me nā housts:

• Alakaʻi i nā housings: ʻO ka hana a ka alloy a alloy (120 W / m · c · k) Kōkua i ka haʻaleleʻana i 20 W no ka hale, pale aku i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā lumen lime.
• Nā'āpana kelepona a me nā hoʻopuni: EMI-SLIELDED A360 EXTROUTION COMPUTION 50 db atteuation ma 1 Ghz, ʻOiai ke kau nei i nā cosmettically nani ma hope o ka adizing.

Kahahana & Hvac

• ʻO nā mea hoʻonani: I nā'ōnaehana HVAC, E hoʻomau mau ana nā mea hana A360 100 ° C a mālama 5000 Nā hola hola o nā loli o ka mahana o ka mahana ma waena -20 ° C and 100 ° C me ka emi malalo iho 0.2% hoka.
• ʻO nā kāpena kālā i hoʻopauʻia: A360's dimensional pololei (± 0.1 mm i nā paiaʻili) aeʻae i ka nohoʻana o ka leaka.

9. Ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā alloys'ē aʻe

Ke hōʻike nei i kahi Make-tästing alloy, A360 e hoʻokūkū pinepine ai me kekahi mau mea paʻa maikaʻi loa A380 (Addc10), ADC12 (A383), A413, A356, and Lim6.

Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia alloy i nā mea i loaʻa i nā mea i loaʻa i nā'ōlelo o ka uluʻana, ka ikaika ikaika, Ke kū'ē neiʻo Corrosionion, a me ke kumukuai.

10. Kū like & Nāʻaoʻaoʻekahi

ʻO nā loli allyced Alyance

• Nanoporticle-reinchucted A360: Hoʻohuiʻia o nā SIC a iʻole Tib₂ NaNoport.
  Hōʻike mua i nā haʻawina mua 15% ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka paʻakikī me kaʻole o ke kaumaha.
• ʻO nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a360: Ma ka hōʻemiʻana iā Cu i < 1.5%, ʻO ka poʻe'ē aʻe e mālama pono i nā makahiki he nui-paʻakikī i ka wā e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ana i ke kū'ēʻana, kūikawā no ke kahakai kahakai.

Hoʻohui Hoʻohuiʻana

• Nā Hana Hana Hana-Nā Hana Hana / 3D-PRED: Ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā chancel o nā chancel a me ka makeʻana o nā mea i makeʻia e ka manawa e 10-15% a me nā hualoaʻa e like me nā micsstructurs maʻamau ma A360.
• E hoʻonohonoho pono i ka waihoʻana (Dmd) Hoʻoponopono: Me ka hoʻohanaʻana i A360 Powder, Hoʻihoʻiʻo DMD i nā make wpdc, e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ka ola make 20-30% a me nā uku haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Ka hanaʻana i ka hana & ʻOihana Kahuna 4.0

• Ke nānā nei i ka hana maoli: Embedding thermocouples a me nā koina paʻakikī i nā make,
  hui pū me AI ALGORITHMS, E wānana i nā hotspots prostic, No laila e hōʻemi ana i ka scrap e 5-8%.
• Mālama pono: Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai, ʻO ka mālamaʻana i ka mālama waleʻana i ka wā e pono ai, ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hana ma 12%.

11. Nā hopena

Alluinum alloy A360 kū i loko o ka makeʻana i ka makeʻana no kāna maikaʻi loa, Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai, and hoʻomaikaʻiʻia i ke kū'ē ua hoʻohālikelikeʻia i kekahi mau mea make.

ʻOiaiʻaʻole kūpono no ka mea nui o ka marine ma mua me ka palekanaʻole,

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi loa i ka kaʻa, Kahahana, a me nā noi noi e koi ana i nā paiaʻili, ikaika, a me ka dimedonal.

Hana kūpono kūpono, surface finishing, a hoʻolālā no ka mea hana hana e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawiʻana o A360 e hilinaʻi nei, ʻO ka hana lōʻihi loa.

A LangHe, Kū mākou i ka hui pū meʻoe i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i kēia mau loea holomua e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāu mau hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho, Koho Koho, Apia hanaa.

Ke hōʻoia nei eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāu papahana eʻoi aku i kēlā me kēia hana a me nā mea hoʻokele.

Kāhea iā mākou i kēia lā!

 

FaqS

He aha ka A360 alulunum alloy?

ʻO A360 kahi mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o A3660 % Silikino, 0.45-0.70 % Magnesum, 2.5-3.5 % keleawe, a me 2-3 % zinc.

Hoʻopilikia i keʻano o keʻano kūʻokoʻa me ka paleʻana o ka corrosion maikaʻi a me ka ikaika, Ke kūpono nei no ka paia, ʻO nā mea e make ai nā mea make.

He aha ka hopena wela e pono aiʻo A360?

• ʻO ka hopena hana (Koho koho): 525-535 ° C no 4-6 h, A laila ka wai wai.
• T5 artificial: 160-180 ° C no 4-6 h. Hoʻopilikia kēia i nā papa mg₂si e hana, e hāpai ana i ka ikaika densile e ~ 15-20 % a me ka paakiki e ~ 20 hb.
  Over -ging (oi aku 6 h paha 180 ° C) hiki i nā corsideen i nā hewa a hōʻemi i ka ikaika.

He aha nā kumukūʻai maʻamau A360 a me nā kumukūʻai ola?

• HPDC HSIE: ʻO nā'āpana Net-mode e hāʻawi ana i ka 90-95 %; scrap ma hope o ka trimming 5-10 %. Hiki i ke kōkua kōkua a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka sing scrap i < 3 %.
• Ke kūʻaiʻana i ke ola: ADIVIVIVED A360 OTPERDORMS SMALDED SMALFED NORDOOR: mālama i nā makahiki 3-5 (aodize) vsa. repaint hui (Kukui Kekuhi).
  Recycled A360 Scrap waiwai $ 1.50- $ 2.00 / Kg ma kahi o ke kila ma $ 0.15 / Kg.