1. Вступ
Нас C90300 is a widely used tin-bronze casting alloy that delivers a practical combination of good castability, Корозійна стійкість (особливо в морських умовах), bearing/wear behavior and satisfactory mechanical strength.
It is specified for bushings, деталі накачування, клапани, gears and other components where service loading, sliding contact and corrosion resistance are primary drivers.
2. What is Bronze UNS C90300?
UNS C90300 is a cast tin бронза alloy in the UNS (Уніфікована система нумерації) Сім'я мідних сплавів.
It is formulated for foundry use and is widely specified where a balance of каста, Корозійна стійкість (particularly in marine and water-handling environments), good bearing/wear behavior and reasonable mechanical strength потрібно.
In practice C90300 is chosen for components such as bushings, рукава, pump and valve parts, small gears and marine fittings where sliding contact, embedability and resistance to seawater or wet corrosion are important.
Key features and metallurgical character
- Хороша кастабність. C90300 pours and fills molds predictably in sand, shell and investment processes, enabling reasonably thin sections and good surface detail when processed correctly.
- Tin-strengthened matrix. Tin acts as a substitutional alloying element in copper, raising hardness, wear resistance and strength relative to plain copper while preserving ductility sufficient for many bearing and structural uses.
- Bearing and tribological performance. Експонати сплаву conformability and embedability—it will accept small contaminant particles into the softer bronze matrix rather than score a harder mating shaft, making it suitable for plain bearings and bushings under boundary or mixed lubrication.
- Excellent wet-environment corrosion resistance. Tin bronzes resist general corrosion and perform well in seawater and many industrial aqueous environments; they are less prone to dezincification or rapid localized attack than many brasses.
- Not precipitation-hardening. Mechanical properties are established primarily by composition and solidification/microstructure; C90300 is not normally subject to strengthening by solution/aging treatments.
Stress-relief or annealing operations are used mainly for dimensional stability or ductility adjustments. - Помірна обробка. Tin improves chip formation and machinability relative to many high-strength copper alloys; carbide tooling and standard bronze machining practices are appropriate for production work.
3. Alloy identity and typical chemistry
Values are presented as typical weight-percent ranges used for design and procurement; always confirm exact limits with the foundry’s mill/certified analysis for any critical application.
| Предмет | Типовий склад (WT%) | Функціонування / ефект |
| UNS designation | C90300 | Unified Numbering System identity for this cast tin-bronze. |
| Мідь (Куточок) | Балансувати (~86.0 – 89.0%) | Основний метал; provides matrix, thermal/electrical properties and ductility. |
| Жерстя (Sn) | 7.5 - 9.0% | Principal strengthening and wear/corrosion-resistant element in the alloy. |
| Цинк (Zn) | 3.0 - 5.0% | Покращує плинність, castability and deoxidation of the melt. |
| Нікель (У) | 0 - 1.0% (тип.) | Необов’язковий; can improve corrosion resistance, strength and toughness. |
| Прасувати (Феод) | ≤ ~0.5% (тип.) | Controlled impurity or deliberate addition; affects strength and wear. |
Провід (PB) |
≤ ~0.2–0.25% (відстежувати) | May appear at trace levels in some castings; small amounts aid machinability but are not a defining element. |
| Кремнію (І) | ≤ ~0.5% (відстежувати) | Deoxidation/fluidity influence; normally controlled to low levels. |
| Фосфор (С) | ≤ ~0.03% (відстежувати) | Deoxidizer/degasser residue; kept very low to avoid embrittlement. |
| Сірка (S) | ≤ ~0.02% (відстежувати) | Нечистість; low levels tolerated; excessive S is detrimental. |
| Алюміній / Марганець / other | Each typically ≤ ~0.1–0.3% | Minor micro-alloying or tramp elements controlled to specification. |
4. Physical and mechanical properties
Below are representative as-cast values for C90300 drawn from typical supplier and material-data references.
Actual properties vary with casting process, Товщина секції, gating strategy and melting practice — always validate with cast coupons from your foundry.
Physical properties
| Власність | Типове значення |
| Щільність | ≈ 8.7–8.9 g/cm³ (≈ 0.318 фунт/в³). |
| Солідус / Рідкий | ~854 °C (солідус) - ~1000 °C (рідкий) (guide to safe pouring and superheat). |
| Теплопровідність | ~70–75 W/m·K (depends on Sn/Zn content). |
| Електропровідність | ~10–12 % IACS (low compared with pure copper). |
| Коефіцієнт теплового розширення | ≈ 17 × 10⁻⁶ /° C (room to moderate temps). |
Механічні властивості (typical as-cast)
| Власність | Типовий діапазон / значення |
| Сила на розрив (UTS) | ~300–320 MPa (≈ 44–46 ksi) |
| Похід (0.5% компенсація) | ~145–152 MPa (≈ 21–22 ksi) |
| Подовження (у 50 мм) | ~18–30% depending on section and process |
| Твердість за Брінеллем (Бнн) | ~ 70 год (як литий типовий) |
| Модуль пружності | ~110–125 GPa |
5. Casting behavior and foundry practice
Suitable casting processes
C90300 is adaptable to the major casting methods used for bronzes:
- Пісочний кастинг — economical for large or heavy sections.
- Лиття по моделлю (Кастинг загубленого воску) — best surface finish and dimensional accuracy for thinner, Детальні частини.
- Лиття оболонки and permanent-mold casting — intermediate options offering improved surface finish and tolerance.
- Continuous and centrifugal casting are also used for bars, rings and certain shapes.
Critical casting parameters
- Температура / перегрів: respect the alloy liquidus and avoid excessive superheat;
Concast data indicate liquidus near ~1000 °C and solidus near ~854 °C — control within a narrow window to balance fluidity and avoid oxidation/dross. - Розтрібити чистоту: degassing and filtration are essential; tin bronzes are sensitive to hydrogen porosity and oxide inclusions — ceramic filters and rotary degassers reduce risks.
- Обтягуючий & годування: design feeders to supply shrinkage in heavy sections and use gradual sectional transitions to avoid hot-spots and hot-tears.
Моделювання (fill/solidification) is recommended for complex geometries. - Контроль затвердіння: directional solidification with chills or chills/risers helps reduce shrinkage defects and refines microstructure in thicker portions.
Після кісточка термічної обробки
C90300 is not a precipitation-hardening alloy; it does not respond to solution-age heat treatments to raise strength.
Typical thermal steps are stress-relief anneals (to remove casting stresses and improve machinability) or moderate anneals to improve ductility where required.
Practical foundry practice relies on casting control — not heat treatment — for most mechanical property objectives.
6. Обробка, приєднання & закінчення
Обробка
- Помірна обробка — tin content enhances chip formation and machinability relative to many high-strength copper alloys;
common machinability rating values place C90300 in a practical class for routine turning, milling and drilling with carbide tooling. - Recommended practice: use rigid fixturing, Карбідний інструмент (coated grades for production), conservative feeds to avoid built-up edge, and light finishing passes for critical surfaces.
Sulfur and lead contents in other alloys (not C90300 lead-free variants) can alter chip control — verify composition before selecting cutting parameters.
Приєднання
- Пайка is the preferred joining method for bronze castings when required (filler metals and flux selected for bronze compatibility).
- Зварювання is generally avoided for large castings because bronze tends to suffer from thermal cracking and property changes; localized welding can be used with specialist procedures and post-weld stress relief where unavoidable.
Поверхнева обробка
- Полірування, покриття (У, Агент), lacquering or patination are commonly applied depending on functional or aesthetic requirements.
For bearing surfaces, honing or lapping produces the required surface texture for lubricant film formation.
(Select finishing and joining processes in consultation with the foundry to avoid galvanic compatibility issues and finish adhesion problems.)
7. Корозія, wear and tribological performance
- Корозійна стійкість: Tin bronzes such as C90300 exhibit excellent resistance in fresh and seawater environments and are commonly used for marine hardware and pump components.
Their tin content promotes a stable surface film and reduces susceptibility to certain localized corrosion mechanisms. - Tribology and bearing behavior: C90300 is valued for good conformability and embedability — under mixed or boundary lubrication it tends to accept small hard particles into the softer bronze matrix rather than scoring the harder shaft.
This makes it a favored material for bushings, plain bearings and sleeves running against hardened steel. Proper lubrication and surface finish are still necessary for long service life.
Примітка дизайну: for high-load rotating bearings consider tested bearing geometry, lubrication regime and possible use of lined or composite bearings if duty exceeds bronze’s capability.
8. Typical applications of UNS C90300 alloy
Common service areas where UNS C90300 is specified:
- Втулки, sleeves and plain bearings (hydraulic pumps, коробки передач).
- Pump and valve components (спонука, Тіла клапана, сидіння) — especially in marine and water-handling equipment.
- Шестерні, worm wheels and small structural castings where castability and wear resistance are needed.
- Морський fittings and propeller components where seawater corrosion resistance is required.
- Decorative castings and architectural elements where patina and aesthetics matter.
| Comparison factor | C90300 (Tin bronze) | C51000 (Бронза фосфору) | C95400 (Aluminum bronze) | Бронзи (Напр., C93200, загальний) |
| Типовий склад (WT%) | Cu ≈ 86–89; Sn ≈ 7.5–9; Zn ≈ 3–5; minor Fe/Ni | Cu ≈ 90–95; Sn ≈ 5–10; P ≈ 0.01–0.35 (відстежувати) | Cu ≈ 78–88; Al ≈ 5–11; Fe/Ni/C (неповнолітній) | Куточок + Sn base with PB additions ~1–4% (різноманітно), small Zn/Sn |
| Primary strengthening mechanism | Суцільний розчин & tin-rich phases from casting | Суцільний розчин + phosphide dispersion (С) — good spring/fatigue | Суцільний розчин + ordered phases; high strength via Al content | Суцільний розчин; Pb acts as free-machining/soft phase for chip control |
| Typical as-cast UTS (MPA) | ~300–320 MPa | ~350–500 MPa (varies with alloy & лікування) | ~400–650 MPa (вища сила) | ~220–350 MPa (depends on Pb, Sn content) |
Typical hardness (HB) |
~70–140 HB (залежить від процесу) | ~80–160 HB | ~120–220 HB (вищий) | ~60–120 HB (softer due to Pb) |
| Носити & bearing performance | Good conformability & embedability; widely used for bushings | Excellent fatigue and spring performance; good bearing alloys available | Excellent wear and high-load bearing capability | Good lubricity/embeddability; excellent machinability for bearing inserts |
| Корозійна стійкість (морська вода / wet env.) | Дуже добре (marine service common) | Добре до дуже добре (depends on Sn) | Very good to excellent (aluminum bronzes outstanding in seawater) | Помірний; leaded alloys can corrode in some environments; not preferred for seawater |
Каста (foundry behavior) |
Very good — sand, штурм, інвестиції | Добрий; available as cast or wrought; phosphor bronze often wrought | Good to fair — higher pouring temp, picky on melt control | Відмінна кастабність; widely used for economical cast bearings/parts |
| Обробка | Moderate — improved by Sn for chip control | Добрий (phosphor bronzes can be challenging if hard) | Moderate to difficult — hard alloys wear tools | Відмінний (lead dramatically improves free-cutting behavior) |
| Heat treatability / загартовування | Not precipitation-hardenable; anneal/stress relief only | Some variants respond to cold work; not classic age-hardening | Some alloys can be heat treated for strength (solution/aging) | Not age-hardening; properties controlled by composition and working |
Типові програми |
Втулки, деталі накачування, клапани, Морська арматура, worm wheels | Підшипники, пружини, електричні роз'єми, wear components | Важкі підшипники, морські гвинти, high-load components, шестерні | Economical bushings, фурнітура, low-cost machined parts, компоненти великого обсягу |
| Відносна вартість | Moderate — tin is a premium element | Помірний - високий (phosphor and high Sn increase cost) | Вищий (Albronzes and alloying raise cost) | Опускатися (leaded alloys are economical) |
| Ключові компроміси / selection note | Balanced choice for wear + корозія + каста | Choose when fatigue / spring performance or electrical properties matter | Choose for highest strength & severe wear / стійкість до кавітації | Choose where machining cost dominates and corrosive service is not critical; restricted in potable/water use |
10. Висновок
UNS C90300 tin bronze is a перевірений часом, high-value cast copper alloy that excels in balancing mechanical strength, Опір зносу, corrosion durability, і кастості.
Its carefully engineered chemical composition and uniform microstructure deliver consistent performance in moderate-load, low-to-medium speed service environments, making it indispensable in marine, поводження з рідиною, mechanical power transmission, and general engineering sectors.
Поширені запитання
What is the typical tin content in C90300?
Typical tin is ~7.5–9.0 wt% with copper as the balance; zinc is commonly present at ~3–5 wt%. Always check the mill certificate for the lot you receive.
Can C90300 be heat treated to increase strength?
No — C90300 is not a precipitation-hardening alloy.
Strength and ductility are primarily controlled through composition, section size and solidification rate; stress-relief anneals are used for dimensional stability.
Is UNS C90300 suitable for seawater service?
Yes — tin bronzes such as C90300 are routinely used in marine environments and pump components because of good seawater corrosion resistance and anti-fouling behavior relative to many steels.
What casting process should I specify?
Використання інвестиційне кастинг for thin, detailed parts and tight tolerances; sand or shell casting for larger or economy parts.
Specify desired surface finish, tolerance band and NDT requirements up front.
